隔离边界条件下连续降雨诱发黄土边坡开裂试验研究
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摘要
为了对连续降雨诱发黄土边坡破坏过程有更直接深入的认识,在陕北大型均质黄土边坡设置隔离边界并开展人工模拟降雨现场试验.总结了边坡开裂破坏特征,分析了坡顶裂缝及坡体破坏过程的力学机制,研究了水分入渗以及隔离边界对边坡开裂破坏的影响.结果表明:降雨侵蚀及雨水径流是坡顶土体开裂的必要条件,边坡浅层土体产生的竖直拉张裂缝及深层土体的剪切破坏倾斜裂缝贯通至坡面,坡体最终呈"L"型开裂面,坡顶的开裂宽度与开裂深度的发展变化趋势呈现一定相关性;降雨期间坡顶部位较易触发一定规模的浅层滑坡,降雨结束后水分下渗可能引发边坡深层破坏;隔离槽对降雨边界的物理隔离和阻断效应导致坡顶呈"一"型开裂线,并且边界土体-隔离布薄弱区裂缝剧烈发育扩展,易导致边坡更大规模破坏.
An isolated boundary was established and a large homogeneous loess slope in northern Shaanxi was subjected to an artificial simulated rainfall field test to obtain a direct and in-depth understanding of loess slope failure induced by continuous rainfall.The characteristics of slope cracking failure were summarized.Then,the mechanical mechanism of cracking and failure was analyzed,and the influences of water infiltration and isolated boundary cracking failure were studied.Results showed that rainfall erosion and runoff were the necessary conditions for slope top-soil cracking.Tensile cracks in shallow soil and shear-failure cracks in deep soil penetrated the slope surface.The slope cracking surface presented an "L" shape.The developmental trends of crack width and depth were correlated.Shallow landslides may be triggered during rainfall.Then,water infiltration may cause deep failure.The crack line exhibited a"一"shape under the physical isolation and blocking effect of the isolation groove.The rapid development of cracks in the soil-isolation cloth in the weak boundary area may initiate a larger scale disaster.
An isolated boundary was established and a large homogeneous loess slope in northern Shaanxi was subjected to an artificial simulated rainfall field test to obtain a direct and in-depth understanding of loess slope failure induced by continuous rainfall.The characteristics of slope cracking failure were summarized.Then,the mechanical mechanism of cracking and failure was analyzed,and the influences of water infiltration and isolated boundary cracking failure were studied.Results showed that rainfall erosion and runoff were the necessary conditions for slope top-soil cracking.Tensile cracks in shallow soil and shear-failure cracks in deep soil penetrated the slope surface.The slope cracking surface presented an "L" shape.The developmental trends of crack width and depth were correlated.Shallow landslides may be triggered during rainfall.Then,water infiltration may cause deep failure.The crack line exhibited a"一"shape under the physical isolation and blocking effect of the isolation groove.The rapid development of cracks in the soil-isolation cloth in the weak boundary area may initiate a larger scale disaster.
引文
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[16]刘艳辉,唐灿,李铁锋,等.地质灾害与降雨雨型的关系研究[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(5):656-661.Liu Yanhui,Tang Can,Li Tiefeng,et al.Statistical relations between geo-hazards and rain-type[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2009,17(5):656-661(in Chinese).
[17]张社荣,谭尧升,王超,等.强降雨特性对饱和-非饱和边坡失稳破坏的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(增2):4102-4112.Zhang Sherong,Tan Yaosheng,Wang Chao,et al.Influence of heavy rainfall characteristics on saturatedunsaturated slope failure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(Suppl2):4102-4112(in Chinese).
[2]王刚,孙萍,吴礼舟,等.降雨诱发浅表层黄土滑坡机理实验研究[J].工程地质学报,2017,25(5):1252-1263.Wang Gang,Sun Ping,Wu Lizhou,et al.Experimental study on mechanism of shallow loess landslides induced by rainfall[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2017,25(5):1252-1263(in Chinese).
[3]于婷婷,顾圣平,邵雪杰,等.考虑降雨拉张裂缝作用的库岸边坡稳定性分析[J].人民黄河,2017,39(4):104-107.Yu Tingting,Gu Shengping,Shao Xuejie,et al.Stability analysis of reservoir bank slope considering tensile crack by the action of rainfall[J].Yellow River,2017,39(4):104-107(in Chinese).
[4]张我华,陈合龙,陈云敏.降雨裂缝渗透影响下山体边坡失稳灾变分析[J].浙江大学学报:工学版,2007,41(9):1429-1435,1442.Zhang Wohua,Chen Helong,Chen Yunmin.Catastrophe analysis for disaster of mountain slope stability affected by rainfall seepage and surface crack[J].Journal of Zhejiang University:Engineering Science,2007,41(9):1429-1435,1442(in Chinese).
[5]刘华磊,徐则民,张勇,等.降雨条件下边坡裂缝的演化机制及对边坡稳定性影响--以云南省双柏县丁家坟滑坡为例[J].灾害学,2011,26(1):26-29.Liu Hualei,Xu Zemin,Zhang Yong,et al.Evolutionary mechanism of slope fissures during rainfall and their effect on slope stability:A case study of Dingjiafen landslide in Shuangbo Country,Yunnan[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2011,26(1):26-29(in Chinese).
[6]廖培伟.降雨作用下坡面土体断裂破坏机制研究[D].重庆:重庆交通大学土木工程学院,2013.Liao Peiwei.Study on the Fracture Failure Mechanics of Soil in the Rain[D].Chongqing:School of Civil Engineering,Chongqing Jiaotong University,2013(in Chinese).
[7]詹良通,吴宏伟,包承纲,等.降雨入渗条件下非饱和膨胀土边坡原位监测[J].岩土力学,2003,24(2):151-158.Zhan Liangtong,NG Wangwai Charles,Bao Chenggang,et al.Artificial rainfall infiltration tests on a wellinstrumented unsaturated expansive soil slope[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2003,24(2):151-158(in Chinese).
[8]李国荣,陈文婷,朱海丽,等.青藏高原东北部黄土地区降雨入渗对土质边坡稳定性的影响研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2015,42(2):105-111.Li Guorong,Chen Wenting,Zhu Haili,et al.Influence of rain infiltration to stability of loess slope in the northeast Qinghai-Tibetan plateau[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2015,42(2):105-111(in Chinese).
[9]汪勇,刘瑾,张建忙.黄土边坡降雨入渗规律及其对稳定性的影响[J].中国煤炭地质,2017,29(1):48-52.Wang Yong,Liu Jin,Zhang Jianmang.Loess slope rainfall influent seepage pattern and its impact on slope stability[J].Coal Geology of China,2017,29(1):48-52(in Chinese).
[10]王协群,谢妮,邹维列,等.降雨条件下不同土质非饱和路基边坡响应特性[J].武汉理工大学学报,2010,32(8):107-110.Wang Xiequn,Xie Ni,Zou Weilie,et al.Field trial for characteristics of matrix suction and infiltration of slope of unsaturated subgrade under artificial rainfall[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology,2010,32(8):107-110(in Chinese).
[11]胡晋川,谢永利,王文生.降雨条件下阶梯状黄土边坡稳定性试验[J].广西大学学报:自然科学版,2010,35(1):83-89.Hu Jinchuan,Xie Yongli,Wang Wensheng.Stability characteristics test of multi-stairs-low highway cut slope in loess under a rainfall condition[J].Journal of Guangxi University:Natural Science Edition,2010,35(1):83-89(in Chinese).
[12]谢妮,邹维列,严秋荣,等.黄土路基边坡降雨响应的试验研究[J].四川大学学报:工程科学版,2009,41(4):31-36.Xie Ni,Zou Weilie,Yan Qiurong,et al.Experimental research on response of a loess subgrade slope to artificial rainfall[J].Journal of Sichuan University:Engineering Science Edition,2009,41(4):31-36(in Chinese).
[13]许领,戴福初,邝国麟,等.黄土滑坡典型工程地质问题分析[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(2):287-293.Xu Ling,Dai Fuchu,Kuang Guolin,et al.Analysis of some special engineering-geological problems of loess landslide[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2009,31(2):287-293(in Chinese).
[14]潘俊义,王治军,李荣建,等.现场人工降雨边坡试验中隔渗和减阻的侧向边界实现方法:中国,CN201710251899.8.X[P].2017-04-18.Pan Junyi,Wang Zhijun,Li Rongjian,et al.The Method of the Lateral Boundary of Seepage and Drag Reduction in the Field Artificial Rainfall Slope Test:China,CN201710251899.8.X[P].2017-04-18(in Chinese).
[15]王滔,赵学理,齐普荣.持续强降雨对黄土地区滑坡地质灾害的影响--以延安地区为例[J].地质调查与研究,2014,37(3):224-229.Wang Tao,Zhao Xueli,Qi Purong.Impact of continued heavy rainfall on loess land slide hazard areas:Acase study on Yan’an[J].Geological Survey and Research,2014,37(3):224-229(in Chinese).
[16]刘艳辉,唐灿,李铁锋,等.地质灾害与降雨雨型的关系研究[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(5):656-661.Liu Yanhui,Tang Can,Li Tiefeng,et al.Statistical relations between geo-hazards and rain-type[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2009,17(5):656-661(in Chinese).
[17]张社荣,谭尧升,王超,等.强降雨特性对饱和-非饱和边坡失稳破坏的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(增2):4102-4112.Zhang Sherong,Tan Yaosheng,Wang Chao,et al.Influence of heavy rainfall characteristics on saturatedunsaturated slope failure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(Suppl2):4102-4112(in Chinese).
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