基于Apriori算法的浙西杉木用材林立地及生长因子关联分析
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摘要
森林立地条件影响着林木的生长。为了充分挖掘立地因子与林分生长之间的内在联系,以杭州市临安区森林资源动态监测数据为基础,以杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata林为研究对象,运用差分方程法构建了基于Richard理论方程的地位指数模型;利用Apriori算法进行立地因子和林分生长因子的关联规则挖掘,得到175条置信度在80%以上、支持度在10%以上的因子关联规则,并从中提取了20条"林分因子-立地因子"规则。结果表明:影响临安区杉木用材林立地质量的主要因子是海拔、坡位、坡向、坡度级、土壤类型、土壤质地、土层厚度、腐殖质层厚度、林下植被种类和林下植被覆盖度,各类规则揭示了杉木林分立地因子和立地质量、立地因子和林分生长因子,林分因子和林龄之间存在的变化规律以及隐含的关联关系。
Forest site conditions affect the growth of trees. To fully delve into the internal relationship between site factors and stand growth factors, Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata) forest was taken as the research object, and a site index model based on Richard's theoretical equation was established using dynamic monitoring data of forest resources in Lin'an District of Hangzhou. The Apriori algorithm was used to explore the association rules between site and forest stand growth factors. Results showed 175 rules obtained with confidence over 80% and support over 10% and 20 rules of "stand growth factors-site factors" were extracted from them. The site factors which influenced site quality of Chinese fir timber forests in Lin'an District were altitude, slope position, slope aspect, gradient, soil type, soil texture, soil thickness, humus depth, species in the undergrowth, and degree of cover on the undergrowth through the rules. The rules revealed variation rules and hidden associations between site factors and stand quality, site factors and stand growth factors, as well as stand factors and stand age.
Forest site conditions affect the growth of trees. To fully delve into the internal relationship between site factors and stand growth factors, Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata) forest was taken as the research object, and a site index model based on Richard's theoretical equation was established using dynamic monitoring data of forest resources in Lin'an District of Hangzhou. The Apriori algorithm was used to explore the association rules between site and forest stand growth factors. Results showed 175 rules obtained with confidence over 80% and support over 10% and 20 rules of "stand growth factors-site factors" were extracted from them. The site factors which influenced site quality of Chinese fir timber forests in Lin'an District were altitude, slope position, slope aspect, gradient, soil type, soil texture, soil thickness, humus depth, species in the undergrowth, and degree of cover on the undergrowth through the rules. The rules revealed variation rules and hidden associations between site factors and stand quality, site factors and stand growth factors, as well as stand factors and stand age.
引文
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[20] CARMEAN W H, LENTHALL D J. Height-growth and site-index curves for jack pine in north central Ont.[J]. Can J For Res, 1989, 19(2):215-224.
[21] GUO Yanrong, HAN Yanyun, WU Baoguo, et al. Study on modelling of site quality evaluation and its dynamic update technology for plantation forests[J]. Nat Environ Pollut Technol, 2013, 12(4):591-597.
[22] ORLANDO S, PALMERINI P, PEREGO R. Enhancing the Apriori Algorithm for Frequent Set Counting[M]. Berlin:Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001:71-82.
[23]韩家炜, MICHELINE K,裴健.数据挖掘概念与技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2012:2-17.
[24]王霓虹,高萌,李丹,等.基于C5.0与Apriori算法的森林生物量等级评价与因子关联分析[J].中南林业科技大学学报, 2015, 35(3):1-6.WANG Nihong, GAO Meng, LI Dan, et al. Evaluation on forest biomass grade and analyses on factor correlations by using C5.0 and Apriori algorithm[J]. J Cent South Univ For Technol, 2015, 35(3):1-6.
[25]宋静.浅议杉木生长与环境条件的关系[J].中国西部科技, 2008, 7(11):54-55.SONG Jing. Discussion of the relationship between Chinese fir growth and environmental conditions[J]. Western China Technol, 2008, 7(11):54-55.
[26]迟健.杉木速生丰产优质造林技术[M].北京:金盾出版社, 1996.
[27] MONSERUD R A, MARSHALL J D. Time-series analysis of 13C from tree rings. I. Time trends and autocorrelation[J]. Tree Physiol, 2001, 21(15):1087-1102.
[28] AKPO L E. Phenological interactions between tree and understory herbaceous vegetation of a Sahelian semi-arid Savanna[J]. Plant Ecol, 1997, 131(2):241-248.
[29] CACCIA F D, BALLARé C L. Effects of tree cover, understory vegetation, and litter on regenerati on of Douglas-fir(Pseudotsuga menziesii)in southwestern Argentina[J]. Can J For Res, 1998, 28(5):683-692.
[30]何艺玲,傅懋毅.人工林林下植被的研究现状[J].林业科学研究, 2002, 15(6):727-733.HE Yiling, FU Maoyi. Review of studies on understorey of plantations[J]. For Res, 2002, 15(6):727-733.
[31] ALABACK P B. Plant Succession Following Logging in the Sitka Spruce-western Hemlock Forests of Southeast Alaska:Implications for Management[R]. Washington:USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, 1984.
[2]陈淑容.不同立地因子对楠木生长的影响[J].森林与环境学报, 2010, 30(2):157-160.CHEN Shurong. Effect of different site conditions on the growth of Phoebe boumei[J]. J For Environ, 2010, 30(2):157-160.
[3]李明军,杜明凤,喻理飞.贵州省杉木中龄林蓄积量与立地因子的关系研究[J].林业资源管理, 2014(5):58-63.LI Mingjun, DU Mingfeng, YU Lifei. Study on the relationship between the stand volume and site actors in Chinese fir forest of middle age in Guizhou Province[J]. For Resour Manage, 2014(5):58-63.
[4]荀守华,曹汉玉,吴德军.日本落叶松生长量与立地因子的相关分析[J].辽宁林业科技, 1995(2):35-37.XUN Shouhua, CAO Hanyu, WU Dejun. Correlation analysis between the increment and site factors of Japan larch[J]. J Shandong Norm Univ Natu Sci, 1995(2):35-37.
[5]吴云飞,郎南军,李甜江,等.云油茶的生长指标及其立地因子的相关性与主导性分析[J].西部林业科学,2014, 43(2):79-84.WU Yunfei, LANG Nanjun, LI Tianjiang, et al. Growth indexes of a new variety of Camellia oleifera in Yunnan and relativity and dominant analysis of its site factors[J]. J West China For Sci, 2014, 43(2):79-84.
[6] BERKHIN P. A survey of clustering data mining techniques[J]. Grouping Multidimensional Data, 2006, 43(1):25-71.
[7] HAN Jiawei, KAMBER M, PEI Jian. Data Mining:Concepts and Techniques[M]. 3 ed. Beijing:China Machine Press,2012:1-18.
[8] ASHRAF M I, ZHAO Z, BOURQUE P A, et al. Integrating biophysical controls in forest growth and yield predictions with artificial intelligence technology[J]. Can J For Res, 2013, 43(12):1162-1171.
[9] YAN Fei, GONG Yinxi, FENG Zhongke. Combination of artificial neural network with multispectral remote sensing data as applied in site quality evaluation in Inner Mongolia[J]. Croatian J For Eng, 2015, 36(2):307-319.
[10] PAPPU J S M, VIJAYAKUMAR G K, RAMAMURTHY V. Artificial neural network model for predicting production of Spirulina platensis, in outdoor culture[J]. Bioresour Technol, 2013, 130(2):224-230.
[11] CHENG Tao, WANG Jiaqiu. Integrated spatio-temporal data mining for forest fire prediction[J]. Trans Gis, 2008, 12(5):591-611.
[12] POURTAGHI Z S, POURGHASEMI H R, ARETANO R, et al. Investigation of general indicators influencing on forest fire and its susceptibility modeling using different data mining techniques[J]. Ecol Indic, 2016, 64:72-84.
[13]王阗,彭世揆,佘光辉. Apriori算法在森林资源二类调查数据分析中的应用[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2006, 30(3):63-66.WANG Tian, PENG Shikui, SHE Guanghui. Application of Apriori algorithm on data analyses of forest inventory[J].J Nanjing For Univ Nat Sci Ed, 2006, 30(3):63-66.
[14] LIN Jiaxiong, HUANG Zhan. An improved Apriori algorithm based on array vectors[J]. Comput Appl Soft-ware,2005, 28(5):268-271.
[15] NAJADAT H M, AL-MAOLEGI M, ARKOK B. An improved Apriori algorithm for association rules[J]. Int Res J Comput Sci Appl, 2013, 1(1):1-8.
[16]周国模,郭仁鉴,韦新良,等.浙江省杉木人工林生长模型及主伐年龄的确定[J].浙江林学院学报,2001, 18(3):219-222.ZHOU Guomo, GUO Renjian, WEI Xinliang, et al. Growth model and cutting age of Chinese fir planted forest in Zhejiang Province[J]. J Zhejiang For Coll, 2001, 18(3):219-222.
[17]李永宁,张宾兰,秦淑英,等.郁闭度及其测定方法研究与应用[J].世界林业研究, 2008, 21(1):40-46.LI Yongning, ZHANG Binlan, QIN Shuying, et al. Review of research and application of forest canopy closure and its measuring methods[J]. World For Res, 2008, 21(1):40-46.
[18]郭艳荣,吴保国,刘洋,等.立地质量评价研究进展[J].世界林业研究, 2012, 25(5):47-52.GUO Yanrong, WU Baoguo, LIU Yang, et al. Research progress of site quality evaluation[J]. World For Res, 2012,25(5):47-52.
[19]杜纪山,唐守正,王洪良.天然林分生长模型在小班数据更新中的应用[J].林业科学, 2000, 36(3):52-58.DU Jishan, TANG Shouzheng, WANG Hongliang. Application of natural stand growth models in subcompartment data update[J]. Sci Silv Sin, 2000, 36(3):52-58.
[20] CARMEAN W H, LENTHALL D J. Height-growth and site-index curves for jack pine in north central Ont.[J]. Can J For Res, 1989, 19(2):215-224.
[21] GUO Yanrong, HAN Yanyun, WU Baoguo, et al. Study on modelling of site quality evaluation and its dynamic update technology for plantation forests[J]. Nat Environ Pollut Technol, 2013, 12(4):591-597.
[22] ORLANDO S, PALMERINI P, PEREGO R. Enhancing the Apriori Algorithm for Frequent Set Counting[M]. Berlin:Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001:71-82.
[23]韩家炜, MICHELINE K,裴健.数据挖掘概念与技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2012:2-17.
[24]王霓虹,高萌,李丹,等.基于C5.0与Apriori算法的森林生物量等级评价与因子关联分析[J].中南林业科技大学学报, 2015, 35(3):1-6.WANG Nihong, GAO Meng, LI Dan, et al. Evaluation on forest biomass grade and analyses on factor correlations by using C5.0 and Apriori algorithm[J]. J Cent South Univ For Technol, 2015, 35(3):1-6.
[25]宋静.浅议杉木生长与环境条件的关系[J].中国西部科技, 2008, 7(11):54-55.SONG Jing. Discussion of the relationship between Chinese fir growth and environmental conditions[J]. Western China Technol, 2008, 7(11):54-55.
[26]迟健.杉木速生丰产优质造林技术[M].北京:金盾出版社, 1996.
[27] MONSERUD R A, MARSHALL J D. Time-series analysis of 13C from tree rings. I. Time trends and autocorrelation[J]. Tree Physiol, 2001, 21(15):1087-1102.
[28] AKPO L E. Phenological interactions between tree and understory herbaceous vegetation of a Sahelian semi-arid Savanna[J]. Plant Ecol, 1997, 131(2):241-248.
[29] CACCIA F D, BALLARé C L. Effects of tree cover, understory vegetation, and litter on regenerati on of Douglas-fir(Pseudotsuga menziesii)in southwestern Argentina[J]. Can J For Res, 1998, 28(5):683-692.
[30]何艺玲,傅懋毅.人工林林下植被的研究现状[J].林业科学研究, 2002, 15(6):727-733.HE Yiling, FU Maoyi. Review of studies on understorey of plantations[J]. For Res, 2002, 15(6):727-733.
[31] ALABACK P B. Plant Succession Following Logging in the Sitka Spruce-western Hemlock Forests of Southeast Alaska:Implications for Management[R]. Washington:USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, 1984.