中国本土主题公园旅游体验质量评价及空间分异特征研究
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摘要
以旅游网评为大数据样本,构建评价体系,测度中国本土69家主题公园的旅游体验质量,揭示其空间分异特征。结果表明:①旅游网评为全维度评价提供了数据支撑,语义分析可量化旅游主体、客体和情景体验质量;②旅游体验质量呈现"两头小、中间大"等级结构特征,旅游主体和客体两维度得分级差分布显著,旅游情景维度波动性最大;③不同类型的主题公园的相对优势和相对劣势明显不同;④不同等级的主题公园旅游体验质量分化不明显;⑤主题公园及其旅游体验质量的空间分布在市域尺度上出现空间错位,空间集聚效益显著。
The tourism experience quality of Chinese theme parks needs to raise to meet the challenges from outside. A full-dimension evaluation system and its spatial differentiation characteristics provide the basis for differentiation competitive strategy. Tourists' online reviews provided rich original materials for building quality evaluation model of the tourism experience of theme park. Based on the evaluation model, the tourism experience quality of 69 Chinese theme parks was measured and its spatial differentiation characteristics was revealed. The results show that: 1) Tourists' online reviews provide a data basis for full-dimension evaluation,and semantic analysis makes some basic constitutes of tourism experience quality which are difficult to quantify measure. 2) Gradation of 69 Chinese theme parks is divied into 4 levels by tourism experience quality score,and the hierarchical structure takes the shape of an olive, which is small at both ends but big in the middle. The tourism experience quality of subject and object present differential distribution, but the tourism experience quality of tourism situational is volatile. 3) The tourism experience quality of different types of the theme parks has different relative superiority and inferiority. 4) The tourism experience quality of different grades of the theme parks is not obvious. 5) The spatial mismatch between spatial distribution of theme parks and its tourism experience quality appears at prefectural level, and the overall Chinese theme parks agglomeration has significant positive effect on its industrial upgrading and promotion of competitiveness.
The tourism experience quality of Chinese theme parks needs to raise to meet the challenges from outside. A full-dimension evaluation system and its spatial differentiation characteristics provide the basis for differentiation competitive strategy. Tourists' online reviews provided rich original materials for building quality evaluation model of the tourism experience of theme park. Based on the evaluation model, the tourism experience quality of 69 Chinese theme parks was measured and its spatial differentiation characteristics was revealed. The results show that: 1) Tourists' online reviews provide a data basis for full-dimension evaluation,and semantic analysis makes some basic constitutes of tourism experience quality which are difficult to quantify measure. 2) Gradation of 69 Chinese theme parks is divied into 4 levels by tourism experience quality score,and the hierarchical structure takes the shape of an olive, which is small at both ends but big in the middle. The tourism experience quality of subject and object present differential distribution, but the tourism experience quality of tourism situational is volatile. 3) The tourism experience quality of different types of the theme parks has different relative superiority and inferiority. 4) The tourism experience quality of different grades of the theme parks is not obvious. 5) The spatial mismatch between spatial distribution of theme parks and its tourism experience quality appears at prefectural level, and the overall Chinese theme parks agglomeration has significant positive effect on its industrial upgrading and promotion of competitiveness.
引文
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[13]Sangkyun Kim.Audience involvement and film tourism experiences:Emotional places,emotional experiences[J].Tourism Management,2012,33(2):387-396.
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[15]Jianyu Ma,Jun Gao,Noel Scott et al.Customer delight from theme park experiences-the antecedents of delight based on cognitive appraisal theory[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2013,42(42):359-381.
[16]Moscardo G,Pearce P.Historic theme parks:An Australian experience in authenticity[J].Annals of Tourism Research,1986,13(3):467-479.
[17]Tsang N K F,Lee L Y S,Wong A et al.THEMEQUAL-Adapting the SERVQUAL scale to theme park services:A case of Hong Kong Disneyland[J].Journal of Travel&Tourism Marketing,2012,29(5):416-429.
[18]Faizan Ali,Woo GonKim,Junli et al.Make it delightful:Customers'experience,satisfaction and loyalty in Malaysian theme parks[J].Journal of Destination Marketing&Management,2018,7(7):1-11.
[19]Ping Dong,Noel Yee-Man Siu.Servicescape elements,customer predispositions and service experience:The case of theme park visitors[J].Tourism Management,2013,36(36):541-551.
[20]Yingsha Zhang,Xiang Robert Li,Su Qin et al.Exploring a theme park's tourism carrying capacity:A demand-side analysis[J].Tourism Management,2017,59(59):564-578.
[21]甄峰,秦萧,席广亮.信息时代的地理学与人文地理学创新[J].地理科学,2015,35(1):11-18.[Zhen Feng,Qin Xiao,Xi Guangliang.The innovation of geography and human geography in the information era.Scientia Geograohica Sinica,2015,35(1):11-18.]
[22]保继刚.主题公园发展的影响因素系统分析[J].地理学报,1997,52(3):47-55.[Bao Jigang.A systematic analysis of the influential factors to theme park development.Acta Geographica Sinica,1997,52(3):47-55.]
[23]徐小波,赵磊,刘滨谊,等.中国旅游城市形象感知特征与分异[J].地理研究,2015,34(7):1367-1379.[Xu Xiaobo,Zhao Lei,Liu Binyi et al.Study on perceived image of Chinese tourist cities.Geographical Research,2015,34(7):1367-1379.]
[24]劲旅网.劲旅网发布2月份在线旅游网站TOP30排名[EB/OL].http://www.ctcnn.com/html/2016-03-04/19273246.html.2016-03-04.[Jing lv net.The Top 30 Chinese Online Travel Communities of the Highest User Coverage,issued in January.http://www.ctcnn.com/html/2016-03-04/19273246.html.2016-03-04.]
[25]黄松,李燕林,戴平娟.智慧旅游城市旅游竞争力评价[J].地理学报,2017,72(2):242-255.[Huang Song,Li Yanlin,Dai Pingjuan.Evaluation of tourism competitiveness of Chinese smart tourism city.Acta Geographica Sinica,2017,72(2):242-255.]
[26]秦萧,甄峰,朱寿佳,等.基于网络口碑度的南京城区餐饮业空间分布格局研究--以大众点评网为例[J].地理科学,2014,34(7):810-817.[Qin Xiao,Zhen Feng,Zhu Shoujia et al.Spatial pattern of catering industry in Nanjing urban area based on the degreeof public praise from internet:A case study of dianping.com.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2014,34(7):810-817.]
[27]王富喜,毛爱华,李赫龙,等.基于熵值法的山东省城镇化质量测度及空间差异分析[J].地理科学,2013,33(11):1323-1329.[Wang Fuxi,Mao Aihua,Li Helong et al.Quality measurement and regional difference of urbanization in Shandong province based on the entropy method.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2013,33(11):1323-1329.]
[28]保继刚.主题公园研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2015:1-10.[Bao Jigang.Theme park studies in China.Beijing:Science Press,2015:1-10.]
[29]闫闪闪,梁留科,余汝艺,等.城市修建主题公园适宜性评价指标体系研究[J].地理科学,2016,36(2):213-221.[Yan Shanshan,Liang Liuke,Yu Ruyi et al.The indicator system for the suitability evaluation of theme park construction in urban areas in China.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2016,36(2):213-221.]
[30]刘小航,曾振中,任清华.关于城市开发大型主题公园的适宜性评价模型[J].旅游论坛,2011,4(6):29-33.[Liu Xiaohang,Zeng Zhenzhong,Ren Qinghua.On suitability assessment model of urban developing theme parks.Tourism Forum,2011,4(6):29-33.]
[2]孙小龙,林璧属,郜捷.旅游体验质量评价述评:研究进展、要素解读与展望[J].人文地理,2018,33(1):143-151.[Sun Xiaolong,Lin Bishu,Gao Jie.A review on the quality assessment of tourism experience:advances,elements and prospects.Human Geography,2018,33(1):143-151.]
[3]Murphy P E.Quality management in urban tourism:Balancing business and environment[J].Tourism Management,1995,16(5):345-346.
[4]Fick G R,Ritchie J R B.Measuring service quality in the travel and tourism industry[J].Journal of Travel Research,1991,30(2):2-9.
[5]Ryan C.Recreation tourism:A social science perspective[M].Lon-don:Routledge,1991.
[6]Parasuraman A,Zeithaml V A,Berry L L.SERVQUAL:A multiple-item scale for measuring consumer perceptions of service quality[J].Journal of Retailing,1994,64(1):12-40.
[7]Reichel A,Lowengart O,Milman A.Rural tourism in Israel:Service quality and orientation[J].Tourism Management,2000,21(5):451-459.
[8]Erto P,Vanacore A.A probabilistic approach to measure hotel service quality[J].Total Quality Management,2002,13(2):165-174.
[9]Caro L M,García J A M.Developing a multidimensional and hierarchical service quality model for the travel agency industry[J].Tourism Management,2008,29(4):706-720.
[10]Jiang H.The tourist satisfaction research of service quality of cruise ports:A case of Wusongkou cruise port in Shanghai,China[J].Business and Management Research,2013,2(4):12-18.
[11]苏勤.旅游者类型及其体验质量研究--以周庄为例[J].地理科学,2004,24(4):506-511.[Su Qin.A study on the types of tourists and their experience quality:A case study of Zhouzhang.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2004,24(4):506-511.]
[12]吴承照,马林志,詹立.户外游憩体验质量评价研究--以上海城市公园自行车活动为例[J].旅游科学,2010,24(1):45-51.[Wu Chengzhao,Ma Linzhi,Yan Li.Research on experience quality assessment of outdoor recreation:A case study of cycling in city parks of Shanghai.Tourism Science,2010,24(1):45-51.]
[13]Sangkyun Kim.Audience involvement and film tourism experiences:Emotional places,emotional experiences[J].Tourism Management,2012,33(2):387-396.
[14]李秋雨,黄悦,周丽君,等.基于旅游体验的影视主题公园发展策略研究--以长影世纪城为例[J].地理科学,2013,33(11):1362-1369.[Li Qiuyu,Huang Yue,Zhou Lijun et al.Development strategy of movie and TV theme park based on tourism experience:A case study of Chang Chun movie wonderland.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2013,33(11):1362-1369.]
[15]Jianyu Ma,Jun Gao,Noel Scott et al.Customer delight from theme park experiences-the antecedents of delight based on cognitive appraisal theory[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2013,42(42):359-381.
[16]Moscardo G,Pearce P.Historic theme parks:An Australian experience in authenticity[J].Annals of Tourism Research,1986,13(3):467-479.
[17]Tsang N K F,Lee L Y S,Wong A et al.THEMEQUAL-Adapting the SERVQUAL scale to theme park services:A case of Hong Kong Disneyland[J].Journal of Travel&Tourism Marketing,2012,29(5):416-429.
[18]Faizan Ali,Woo GonKim,Junli et al.Make it delightful:Customers'experience,satisfaction and loyalty in Malaysian theme parks[J].Journal of Destination Marketing&Management,2018,7(7):1-11.
[19]Ping Dong,Noel Yee-Man Siu.Servicescape elements,customer predispositions and service experience:The case of theme park visitors[J].Tourism Management,2013,36(36):541-551.
[20]Yingsha Zhang,Xiang Robert Li,Su Qin et al.Exploring a theme park's tourism carrying capacity:A demand-side analysis[J].Tourism Management,2017,59(59):564-578.
[21]甄峰,秦萧,席广亮.信息时代的地理学与人文地理学创新[J].地理科学,2015,35(1):11-18.[Zhen Feng,Qin Xiao,Xi Guangliang.The innovation of geography and human geography in the information era.Scientia Geograohica Sinica,2015,35(1):11-18.]
[22]保继刚.主题公园发展的影响因素系统分析[J].地理学报,1997,52(3):47-55.[Bao Jigang.A systematic analysis of the influential factors to theme park development.Acta Geographica Sinica,1997,52(3):47-55.]
[23]徐小波,赵磊,刘滨谊,等.中国旅游城市形象感知特征与分异[J].地理研究,2015,34(7):1367-1379.[Xu Xiaobo,Zhao Lei,Liu Binyi et al.Study on perceived image of Chinese tourist cities.Geographical Research,2015,34(7):1367-1379.]
[24]劲旅网.劲旅网发布2月份在线旅游网站TOP30排名[EB/OL].http://www.ctcnn.com/html/2016-03-04/19273246.html.2016-03-04.[Jing lv net.The Top 30 Chinese Online Travel Communities of the Highest User Coverage,issued in January.http://www.ctcnn.com/html/2016-03-04/19273246.html.2016-03-04.]
[25]黄松,李燕林,戴平娟.智慧旅游城市旅游竞争力评价[J].地理学报,2017,72(2):242-255.[Huang Song,Li Yanlin,Dai Pingjuan.Evaluation of tourism competitiveness of Chinese smart tourism city.Acta Geographica Sinica,2017,72(2):242-255.]
[26]秦萧,甄峰,朱寿佳,等.基于网络口碑度的南京城区餐饮业空间分布格局研究--以大众点评网为例[J].地理科学,2014,34(7):810-817.[Qin Xiao,Zhen Feng,Zhu Shoujia et al.Spatial pattern of catering industry in Nanjing urban area based on the degreeof public praise from internet:A case study of dianping.com.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2014,34(7):810-817.]
[27]王富喜,毛爱华,李赫龙,等.基于熵值法的山东省城镇化质量测度及空间差异分析[J].地理科学,2013,33(11):1323-1329.[Wang Fuxi,Mao Aihua,Li Helong et al.Quality measurement and regional difference of urbanization in Shandong province based on the entropy method.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2013,33(11):1323-1329.]
[28]保继刚.主题公园研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2015:1-10.[Bao Jigang.Theme park studies in China.Beijing:Science Press,2015:1-10.]
[29]闫闪闪,梁留科,余汝艺,等.城市修建主题公园适宜性评价指标体系研究[J].地理科学,2016,36(2):213-221.[Yan Shanshan,Liang Liuke,Yu Ruyi et al.The indicator system for the suitability evaluation of theme park construction in urban areas in China.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2016,36(2):213-221.]
[30]刘小航,曾振中,任清华.关于城市开发大型主题公园的适宜性评价模型[J].旅游论坛,2011,4(6):29-33.[Liu Xiaohang,Zeng Zhenzhong,Ren Qinghua.On suitability assessment model of urban developing theme parks.Tourism Forum,2011,4(6):29-33.]
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