中文版知觉恢复量表(PRS)在城市公园恢复性评估中的实验研究
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摘要
知觉恢复量表(PRS)在恢复性环境评价中有广泛应用,其中文版在城市公园景观评价中的应用尚未予以验证。以城市公园为单一评价对象,探讨中文版PRS量表的信度和效度。选取城市公园中具有不同要素、开敞度和场景的6个空间类型,分别录制成景观视频作为实验素材。共有120名男女比例为1:1的在校大学生参与了测试,在经历口语考试的压力后,通过观看城市公园的一个场景视频缓解压力,采用中文版PRS量表对场景的恢复性进行评估。结果表明中文版PRS量表在城市公园恢复性评估中具有良好的评估者间一致性和内部一致性;量表条目的代表性与适宜性程度较高,与注意力恢复理论的构架基本一致,对不同环境有一定的区分度,可用于城市公园恢复性环境评估。
The Perceived Restorative Scale(PRS) is widely used in restorative environments evaluation. As its Chinese version hasn't been tested in landscape evaluation of urban parks, this paper studied the reliability and validity of the Chinese PRS in evaluating the restorative qualities of scenes in urban parks. Videos of scenes with different elements, openness, with or without people were taped. Altogether 120 college students, with an equal number of males and females, participated in this experiment. They first took an oral English test as a stressor, and then watched one of the six landscape videos for stress recovering. Subjects rated the Chinese PRS based on the scene they watched. The results showed the Chinese PRS had a high inter-rater reliability, and the internal consistency reliability was acceptable. The correlations between the overall score and scores of the items were significant. According to the result of the exploratory factor analysis, the scale construct was generally coherent with the Attention Restorative Theory. The rating results also showed there were significant differences between different urban park scenes. It suggests the Chinese version of the PRS can be used in evaluating restorative qualities of urban park landscapes.
The Perceived Restorative Scale(PRS) is widely used in restorative environments evaluation. As its Chinese version hasn't been tested in landscape evaluation of urban parks, this paper studied the reliability and validity of the Chinese PRS in evaluating the restorative qualities of scenes in urban parks. Videos of scenes with different elements, openness, with or without people were taped. Altogether 120 college students, with an equal number of males and females, participated in this experiment. They first took an oral English test as a stressor, and then watched one of the six landscape videos for stress recovering. Subjects rated the Chinese PRS based on the scene they watched. The results showed the Chinese PRS had a high inter-rater reliability, and the internal consistency reliability was acceptable. The correlations between the overall score and scores of the items were significant. According to the result of the exploratory factor analysis, the scale construct was generally coherent with the Attention Restorative Theory. The rating results also showed there were significant differences between different urban park scenes. It suggests the Chinese version of the PRS can be used in evaluating restorative qualities of urban park landscapes.
引文
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[13]Chang C Y,Hammitt W E,Chen P K,et al.Psychophysiological responses and restorative values of natural environments in Taiwan[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2008,85(2):79-84.
[14]Nordh H,Hartig T,Hagerhall C M,et al.Components of small urban parks that predict the possibility for restoration[J].Urban Forestry&Urban Greening,2009,8(4):225-235.
[15]Jiang B,Chang C Y,Sullivan W C.A dose of nature:Tree cover,stress reduction,and gender differences[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2014,132:26-36.
[16]Dimberg U.Facial electromyography and emotional reactions[J].Psychophysiology,1990,27(5):481-494.
[2]彭慧蕴,谭少华.城市公园环境的恢复性效应影响机制研究:以重庆为例[J].中国园林,2018,34(9):5-9.
[3]威廉·苏利文,瑞秋·开普兰,撰文.何雪雁,吴文丽,郑青青,译.陈筝,校.自然:投入少、收益大的健康设施[J].中国园林,2018,34(9):22-25.
[4]Hartig T,Korpela K M,Evans G W,et al.Validation of a measure of perceived environmental restorativeness[R].G?teborg Psychological Reports,1996.
[5]Hartig T,Kaiser F,Bowler P A.Further development of a measure of perceived environment restorativeness(Working Paper No.5)[R].G?vel,Sweden:Uppsala University,Institute for Housing Research,1997.
[6]Hartig T,Staats H.Linking preference for environments with their restorative quality[C]//Tress B,Tres G,Fry G,et al.From Landscape Research to Landscape Planning:Aspects of Integration,Education and Application.Dordrecht:Springer,2005.
[7]Ulrich R S,Simons R F,Losito B D,et al.Stress recovery during exposure to natural and urban environments[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,1991,11(3):201-230.
[8]Hartig T,Evans G W,Jamner L D,et al.Tracking restorative in natural and urban field settings[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,2003,23(2):109-123.
[9]Karmanov D,Hamel R.Assessing the restorative potential of contemporary urban environment(s):Beyond the nature versus urban dichotomy[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2008,86(2):115-125.
[10]Wang X,Rodiek S,Wu C,et al.Stress recovery and restorative effects of viewing different urban park scenes in Shanghai,China[J].Urban Forestry&Urban Greening,2016,15:112-122.
[11]Stamps A E.Use of photographs to stimulate environments:A meta-analysis[J].Perceptual and Motor Skills,1990,71(3):907-913.
[12]Stamps A E.Use of static and dynamic media to stimulate environments:A meta-analysis[J].Perceptual and Motor Skills,2010,111(2):355-364.
[13]Chang C Y,Hammitt W E,Chen P K,et al.Psychophysiological responses and restorative values of natural environments in Taiwan[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2008,85(2):79-84.
[14]Nordh H,Hartig T,Hagerhall C M,et al.Components of small urban parks that predict the possibility for restoration[J].Urban Forestry&Urban Greening,2009,8(4):225-235.
[15]Jiang B,Chang C Y,Sullivan W C.A dose of nature:Tree cover,stress reduction,and gender differences[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2014,132:26-36.
[16]Dimberg U.Facial electromyography and emotional reactions[J].Psychophysiology,1990,27(5):481-494.
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