三峡库区澎溪河消落带落干期土壤硝化强度及影响因素
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摘要
研究了三峡库区澎溪河落干期消落带不同地点、不同高程段、不同土地利用方式下土壤硝化强度及影响因素。结果表明,研究区域消落带硝化强度范围为0.76~9.76 mg/kg·d,平均值为3.76±0.76mg/kg·d,明显低于国内其他研究区域土壤硝化强度。澎溪河消落带从上游汉丰湖到下游黄石,土壤硝化强度呈现递减的趋势。随着高程的增加,消落带土壤硝化强度逐渐降低,但没有显著差异(P>0.05)。消落带不同土地利用方式中,河滩地土壤硝化强度显著高于耕地土壤硝化强度(P<0.05),是耕地土壤硝化强度的1.82倍。消落带土壤硝化强度与土壤pH值呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与有机质含量及亚硝化菌数量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),周期性的淹水影响了消落带土壤pH值和有机质含量,从而影响了消落带土壤硝化强度。
The impacts of land locations,utilization patterns and elevations on soil nitrification intensity in Pengxi water-level-fluctuating zone(WLFZ)during the dry period in the Three Gorges Reservoir area were studied.The results indicate that the nitrification intensity of the WLFZ soil ranges from 0.76mg/kg·d to9.76mg/kg·d,while the intensity averages at(3.76±0.76)mg/kg·d,which is significantly lower than those reported in other domestic researches.The soil nitrification intensity decreases from upstream(Hanfeng lake)to downstream(Huangshi city).In addition,the increase of elevation weakly decreases the nitrification intensity(P>0.05).Moreover,the nitrification intensities of flood lands are 1.82 times of those of cultivated soils(P<0.05).The soil nitrification intensity is significantly positively correlated with the soil pH value(P<0.05)as well as the contents of organic matter and the number of nitrosobacteria(P<0.01).Periodic flooding affects the soil pH and organic matter contents,which leads to the variation of soil nitrification intensity.
The impacts of land locations,utilization patterns and elevations on soil nitrification intensity in Pengxi water-level-fluctuating zone(WLFZ)during the dry period in the Three Gorges Reservoir area were studied.The results indicate that the nitrification intensity of the WLFZ soil ranges from 0.76mg/kg·d to9.76mg/kg·d,while the intensity averages at(3.76±0.76)mg/kg·d,which is significantly lower than those reported in other domestic researches.The soil nitrification intensity decreases from upstream(Hanfeng lake)to downstream(Huangshi city).In addition,the increase of elevation weakly decreases the nitrification intensity(P>0.05).Moreover,the nitrification intensities of flood lands are 1.82 times of those of cultivated soils(P<0.05).The soil nitrification intensity is significantly positively correlated with the soil pH value(P<0.05)as well as the contents of organic matter and the number of nitrosobacteria(P<0.01).Periodic flooding affects the soil pH and organic matter contents,which leads to the variation of soil nitrification intensity.
引文
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[23]Park S,Bae W,Chung J,et al.Empirical model of the pH dependence of the maximum specific nitrification rate[J].Process Biochemistry,2007,42(12):1671-1676.
[24]Wde B,Kowalchuk G A.Nitrification in acid soils:micro-organisms and mechanisms[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2001,33(7/8):853-866.
[25]Nguyen B T,Marschner P.Effect of drying and rewetting on phosphorus transformations in red brown soils with different soil organic matter content[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2005,37(8):1573-1576.
[26]Shiwei Li S W,Xianjun Jiang X J,Xiaolan Wang X L,et al.Tillage effects on soil nitrification and the dynamic changes in nitrifying microorganisms in a subtropical rice-based ecosystem:A long-term field study[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2015,150(2):132-138.
[2]Veresoglou S D,Chen B,Rillig M C.Arbuscular mycorrhiza and soil nitrogen cycling[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2012,46(1):53-62.
[3]Dalias P,Anderson J M,Bottner P,et al.Temperature responses of net nitrogen mineralization and nitrification in conifer forest soils incubated under standard laboratory conditions[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2002,34(5):691-701.
[4]Jiang X J,Hou X Y,Zhou X,et al.pH regulates key players of nitrification in paddy soils[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2015,81(2):691-701.
[5]牟晓杰,刘兴土,仝川,等.人为干扰对闽江河口湿地土壤硝化反硝化潜力的影响[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(8):1413-1419.MOU Xiaojie,LIU Xingtu,TONG Chuan,et al.Effects of human disturbance on nitrification and denitrification potential in the Min River estuarine wetland[J].China Environmental Science,2013,33(8):1413-419.(in Chinese)
[6]吴承林,田伟君,宫晓敏,等.龙门口水库滨岸带硝化作用研究[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2014,44(7):77-81.WU Chenglin,TIAN Weijun,GONG Xiaomin,et al.Studies on Nitrification in the riparian zone of Longmenkou reservoir[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China(Natural Science Edition),2014,44(7):77-81.(in Chinese)
[7]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005.BAO Shidan.The soil agrochemical analysis[M].Beijing:China Agricul Ture Press,2005.(in Chinese)
[8]林先贵.土壤微生物研究原理与方法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2010.LIN Xiangui.Principles and methods of soil microbiology research[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2010.(in Chinese)
[9]周桦,于万太,徐永刚,等.一种土壤硝化作用潜势测定的方法:201010565600.4[P].2012-05-30.ZHOU Ye,YU Wantai,XU Yonggang,et al.A method for the test of Soil Nitrification Potential:201010565600.4[P].2012-05-30.(in Chinese)
[10]Carter M,Gregorich E,Adl S M,et al.Soil sampling and methods of analysis[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2007,38(1):15-24.
[11]张树兰,杨学云,吕殿青,等.几种土壤剖面的硝化作用及其动力学特征[J].土壤学报,2000,37(3):372-379.ZHANG Shulang,YANG Xueyun,LV Dianqing,et al.Nitrification and dynamics in profiles of differently managed Soil Types[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2000,37(3):372-379.(in Chinese)
[12]王玉萍,王立立,李取生,等.珠江河口湿地沉积物硝化作用强度及影响因素研究[J].生态科学,2012,31(3):330-334.WANG Yuping,WANG Lili,Li Qusheng,et al.Study on nitrification and impact factors in Pearl River estuarine wetlands[J].Ecological Science,2012,31(3):330-334.(in Chinese)
[13]吕艳华,白洁,姜艳,等.黄河三角洲湿地硝化作用强度及影响因素研究[J].海洋湖沼通报,2008(2):61-66.LV Yanhua,BAI Jie,JIANG Yan,et al.Studies of nieifying activityy and impact factors of wetland in Yellow River Delta[J].Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,2008(2):61-66.(in Chinese)
[14]郭劲松,黄轩民,张彬,等.三峡库区消落带土壤有机质和全氮含量分布特征[J].湖泊科学,2012,24(2):213-219.GUO Jinsong,HUANG Xuanmin,ZHANG Bin,et al.Distribution characteristics of organic matter and total nitrogen in the soils of water-levelfluctuating zone of Three Gorges Reservoir area[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2012,24(2):213-219.(in Chinese)
[15]Zaman M,Saggar S,Blennerhassett J D,et al.Effect of urease and nitrification inhibitors on N transformation,gaseous emissions of ammonia and nitrous oxide,pasture yield and N uptake in grazed pasture system[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2009,41(6):1270-1280.
[16]Lars R,Dan B K,Maj B J.Conecntrations and fiuxes of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen in a Picea abies chronosequence on former arable land in Sweden[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2010,259(3):275-285.
[17]常超,谢宗强,熊高明,等.三峡水库蓄水对消落带土壤理化性质的影[J].自然资源学报,2011,26(7):1236-1244.CHANG Chao,XIE Zongqiang,XIONG Gaoming,et al.The effect of flooding on soil physical and chemical properties of riparian zone in the Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Jouranal of Natural Resources,2011,26(7):1236-1244.(in Chinese)
[18]杨洪昇,田昆,姚茜,等.筑坝蓄水对高原湿地拉市海土壤有机质和全氮分布格局的影响[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(1):162-167.YANG Hongshen,TIAN Kun,YAO Xi,et al.The impacts of dam impoundment on the distribution patterns of soil organic matter and total nitrogen in Lashihai plateau wetland[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2015,34(1):162-167.(in Chinese)
[19]Borken W,Ahrens B,Schulz C,et al.Site-to-site variability and temporal trends of DOC concentrations and fluxes in temperate forest soils[J].Global Change Biology,2011,17(7):2428-2443.
[20]曹磊,宋金明,李学刚,等.黄河三角洲典型潮汐湿地碳、氮、磷生物地球化学特征[J].海洋科学,2015,39(1):84-92.CAO Lei,SONG Jinming,LI Xuegang,et al.Biogeochemical characteristics of soil C,N,P in the tidal wetlands of the Yellow River Delta[J].Marine Science,2015,39(1):84-92.(in Chinese)
[21]Alex T C,Kenneth K T,Gao Suduan,et al.Temperature,water content and wet-dry cycle effects on DOC production andcarbon mineralization in agricultural peat soils[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2006,38(3):477-488.
[22]Staik S,Eskelinen A,Mnnisto M K.Regulation of microbial community composition andactivity by soil nutrient availability,soil pH,and herbivory in the timdra[J].Ecosystems,2012,15(1):18-33.
[23]Park S,Bae W,Chung J,et al.Empirical model of the pH dependence of the maximum specific nitrification rate[J].Process Biochemistry,2007,42(12):1671-1676.
[24]Wde B,Kowalchuk G A.Nitrification in acid soils:micro-organisms and mechanisms[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2001,33(7/8):853-866.
[25]Nguyen B T,Marschner P.Effect of drying and rewetting on phosphorus transformations in red brown soils with different soil organic matter content[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2005,37(8):1573-1576.
[26]Shiwei Li S W,Xianjun Jiang X J,Xiaolan Wang X L,et al.Tillage effects on soil nitrification and the dynamic changes in nitrifying microorganisms in a subtropical rice-based ecosystem:A long-term field study[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2015,150(2):132-138.