不同施氮水平下菠萝蜜幼苗根系生长及氮素吸收特征
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摘要
为探究酰胺态氮肥在菠萝蜜苗期的最佳施用量,本试验以马来西亚1号嫁接苗为试验材料,比较不同施氮量对菠萝蜜幼苗根系生长及氮素吸收积累的影响。结果表明:随着施氮量增加,菠萝蜜幼苗叶片、茎秆、地上部和整株生物量,叶片氮素累积量、茎秆氮素累积量和总氮素累积量均呈先升高后降低的趋势,且均在施氮量为N_1(5g/株)时达最大值;根系生物量和根冠比在N_1时达最小值。根系氮素累积量随着施氮量增加呈增长趋势。总根长、根系总表面积及根系体积随着施氮量增加呈降低趋势,其中N_1水平与N_0(0 g/株)无显著性差异。总根长、根系总表面积、根系体积与地上部干重呈显著正相关关系。施肥、地上部氮素累积量和总根长单个因子以及三者共同解释菠萝蜜苗生物量变化的比例为90.1%。综上,在本试验条件下,菠萝蜜幼苗适宜的施氮量为5 g/株,可作为菠萝蜜苗期施肥的参考值。
In order to explore a suitable application of amino nitrogen on jackfruit seedlings, this experiment used Malaysian No.1 grafted seedlings as the test materials to compare the effects of different nitrogen application on the root morphology and nitrogen accumulation of jackfruit seedlings. The results showed that with the increase of nitrogen level,the biomass of leaves, stems, shoots, total plant, and nitrogen accumulation of leaves, stems, total plant increased at first but decreased after the peak at N_1(5 g/plant), while the biomass of roots and ratio of roots and shoots reached a minimum at N_1. The nitrogen accumulation in roots increased with the increase of nitrogen application. The total root length,total root surface area and total root volume decreased with the increase of nitrogen application, while there was no significant difference between N_1 and N_0(0 g/plant). The total root length, total root surface area, total root volume were significantly positively correlated with dry weight of shoot. Fertilization, nitrogen accumulation of shoots and total root length and both of them accounted for 90.1% of the change in the biomass of jackfruit seedlings. In summary, the proper nitrogen nutrition was 5 g/plant in this experiment which could be used as a reference for jackfruit fertilization.
In order to explore a suitable application of amino nitrogen on jackfruit seedlings, this experiment used Malaysian No.1 grafted seedlings as the test materials to compare the effects of different nitrogen application on the root morphology and nitrogen accumulation of jackfruit seedlings. The results showed that with the increase of nitrogen level,the biomass of leaves, stems, shoots, total plant, and nitrogen accumulation of leaves, stems, total plant increased at first but decreased after the peak at N_1(5 g/plant), while the biomass of roots and ratio of roots and shoots reached a minimum at N_1. The nitrogen accumulation in roots increased with the increase of nitrogen application. The total root length,total root surface area and total root volume decreased with the increase of nitrogen application, while there was no significant difference between N_1 and N_0(0 g/plant). The total root length, total root surface area, total root volume were significantly positively correlated with dry weight of shoot. Fertilization, nitrogen accumulation of shoots and total root length and both of them accounted for 90.1% of the change in the biomass of jackfruit seedlings. In summary, the proper nitrogen nutrition was 5 g/plant in this experiment which could be used as a reference for jackfruit fertilization.
引文
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[18]Seregin I V,Ivanov V B.Physiological aspects of cadmium and lead toxic effects on higher plants[J].Russian journal of plant physiology,2001,48(4):523-544.
[19]汪晓丽,陶玥玥,盛海君,等.硝态氮供应对小麦根系形态发育和氮吸收动力学的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2010,30(1):129-134.
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[22]钟银宽,茶正早,罗微.土壤母质与氮素对橡胶苗根系生长影响研究[J].热带农业科学,2009,29(7):1-4.
[23]主春福,彭福田,彭静,等.不同施氮处理对平邑甜茶根系构型的影响[J].山东农业科学,2008(4):57-61.
[24]王树起,韩晓增,乔云发,等.施氮对大豆根系形态和氮素吸收积累的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2009,17(6):1069-1073.
[25]Forde B,Lorenzo H.The nutritional control of root development[J].Plant and Soil,2001,232(1-2):51-68.
[26]姜琳琳,韩立思,韩晓日,等.氮素对玉米幼苗生长,根系形态及氮素吸收利用效率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(1):247-253.
[27]樊剑波.不同氮效率基因型水稻氮素吸收和根系特征研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2008.
[28]蔡昆争,骆世明,段舜山.水稻根系的空间分布及其与产量的关系[J].华南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2003,24(3):1-4.
[29]孙浩燕,王森,任涛,等.不同施肥方式下氮肥用量对直播稻根系形态及氮素吸收的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017(6):88-92.
[30]郑圣先,聂军,戴平安,等.控释氮肥对杂交水稻生育后期根系形态生理特征和衰老的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,12(2):188-194.
[31]于晓芳,高聚林,叶君,等.深松及氮肥深施对超高产春玉米根系生长、产量及氮肥利用率的影响[J].玉米科学,2013,21(1):114-119.
[2]白亭玉,吴刚,郝朝运,等.海南菠萝蜜种植园土壤与叶片微量元素含量分析研究[J].热带农业科学,2017,37(7):1-5.
[3]谭乐和,吴刚,刘爱勤.菠萝蜜高效生产技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2012.
[4]Crane J H,Balerdi C,Maguire I.Jackfruit growing in the Florida home landscape[J].Fact Sheet HS-882,2005:1-10.
[5]Marschner H,Kirkby E,Cakmak I.Effect of mineral nutritional status on shoot~root partitioning of photoassimilates and cycling of mineral nutrients[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,1996,47(Special):1255-1263.
[6]杨建昌.水稻根系形态生理与产量、品质形成及养分吸收利用的关系[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(1):36-46.
[7]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[8]Marcelis L F M.A simulation model for dry matter partitioning in cucumber[J].Annals of Botany,1994,74(1):43-52.
[9]Génard M,Lescourret F,Mimoun M B,et al.A simulation model of growth at the shoot-bearing fruit level.II.Test and effect of source and sink factors in the case of peach[J].European Journal of Agronomy,1998,9(2-3):189-202.
[10]徐坤,徐峰.氮肥对生姜生长及产量的影响[J].中国蔬菜,1999(6):12-14.
[11]Persson H,Ahlstr?m K,Clemensson-Lindell A.Nitrogen addition and removal at G?rdsj?n-effects on fine-root growth and fine-root chemistry[J].Forest Ecology and Management,1998,101(1-3):199-205.
[12]李德军,莫江明,方运霆,等.模拟氮沉降对南亚热带两种乔木幼苗生物量及其分配的影响[J].植物生态学报,2005(4):543-549.
[13]史正军,樊小林.作物对氮素养分高效吸收的根系形态学研究进展[J].广西农业生物科学,2003,22(3):225-229.
[14]门中华,李生秀.硝态氮浓度对冬小麦幼苗根系活力及根际pH值的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(1):92-93.
[15]张福锁.土壤与植物营养研究新动态(第1卷)[M].北京:北京农业大学出版社,1992:73-82.
[16]李生秀,李世清.施用氮肥对提高旱地作物利用土壤水分的作用机理和效果[J].干旱地区农业研究,1994,12(1):38-46.
[17]王艳,米国华,陈范骏,等.玉米氮素吸收的基因型差异及其与根系形态的相关性[J].生态学报,2003,23(2):297-302.
[18]Seregin I V,Ivanov V B.Physiological aspects of cadmium and lead toxic effects on higher plants[J].Russian journal of plant physiology,2001,48(4):523-544.
[19]汪晓丽,陶玥玥,盛海君,等.硝态氮供应对小麦根系形态发育和氮吸收动力学的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2010,30(1):129-134.
[20]Lawlor D W.Carbon and nitrogen assimilation in relation to yield:mechanisms are the key to understanding production systems[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2002,53(370):773-787.
[21]刘世全,曹红霞,张建青,等.不同水氮供应对小南瓜根系生长,产量和水氮利用效率的影响[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(7):1362-1371.
[22]钟银宽,茶正早,罗微.土壤母质与氮素对橡胶苗根系生长影响研究[J].热带农业科学,2009,29(7):1-4.
[23]主春福,彭福田,彭静,等.不同施氮处理对平邑甜茶根系构型的影响[J].山东农业科学,2008(4):57-61.
[24]王树起,韩晓增,乔云发,等.施氮对大豆根系形态和氮素吸收积累的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2009,17(6):1069-1073.
[25]Forde B,Lorenzo H.The nutritional control of root development[J].Plant and Soil,2001,232(1-2):51-68.
[26]姜琳琳,韩立思,韩晓日,等.氮素对玉米幼苗生长,根系形态及氮素吸收利用效率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(1):247-253.
[27]樊剑波.不同氮效率基因型水稻氮素吸收和根系特征研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2008.
[28]蔡昆争,骆世明,段舜山.水稻根系的空间分布及其与产量的关系[J].华南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2003,24(3):1-4.
[29]孙浩燕,王森,任涛,等.不同施肥方式下氮肥用量对直播稻根系形态及氮素吸收的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017(6):88-92.
[30]郑圣先,聂军,戴平安,等.控释氮肥对杂交水稻生育后期根系形态生理特征和衰老的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,12(2):188-194.
[31]于晓芳,高聚林,叶君,等.深松及氮肥深施对超高产春玉米根系生长、产量及氮肥利用率的影响[J].玉米科学,2013,21(1):114-119.
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