LNG罐式集装箱发展现状及前景
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摘要
近两年,在国内天然气市场需求高速增长、资源供应紧张大背景下,LNG罐箱凭借其周转灵活、市场切入快的特点,从个别企业的零星尝试发展到多家企业积极介入乃至商业运营,并受到了国家和地方政府的高度关注。在调研国内外LNG罐箱发展现状基础上,梳理LNG罐箱制造及检验、运输、接卸、堆存等各环节的标准及政策法规,剖析制约发展的主要因素。与LNG传统运输模式从技术可行性、经济性等方面进行对比,分析LNG罐箱运输模式的优缺点,提出未来的应用方向,包括助力中小批量LNG国际贸易、应急储气调峰、可移动式终端用户供气,以及作为LNG动力船舶的燃料罐等。展望未来中国LNG运输格局,大规模LNG进口贸易将以LNG散装船加LNG接收站模式为主,小规模多点式LNG进口贸易则以LNG罐箱与LNG散装运输并重发展;短距离、公路直达LNG运输方式以LNG槽车为主,长距离、多式联运LNG运输方式优选LNG罐箱。
With the background of the rapid growth of domestic natural gas demand and the shortage of natural gas supply over two years, LNG tank containers with flexible turnover and fast going into market have developed from a few attempts of individual enterprises to the participation of many enterprises, and even large-scale commercial operation and also have received the national and the local government's high attentions. This paper investigates the development status of LNG tank containers, researches the standards and regulations of LNG tank containers' manufacturing, inspection, transportation,loading and unloading, storage, etc., and analyzes the main factors restricting the development of LNG tank containers. Compared with traditional LNG transportation mode in terms of technology and economy, it analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of LNG tank container transportation mode, proposes the application prospect of LNG tank containers in the future which includes assisting small and medium volume LNG international trade, emergency gas storage and peaking regulation, mobile terminal-user gas supply, as well as fuel tanks for LNG powered ships. Looking forward to the future of LNG transportation pattern in China,the large-scale LNG import trade should mainly be based on LNG bulk carriers and LNG terminals, the small-scale LNG import trade may consider LNG tanks and LNG bulk carriers, short-distance and through transportation may mainly depend on LNG tank trucks, and long-distance and multiple transportation could use LNG tank containers.
With the background of the rapid growth of domestic natural gas demand and the shortage of natural gas supply over two years, LNG tank containers with flexible turnover and fast going into market have developed from a few attempts of individual enterprises to the participation of many enterprises, and even large-scale commercial operation and also have received the national and the local government's high attentions. This paper investigates the development status of LNG tank containers, researches the standards and regulations of LNG tank containers' manufacturing, inspection, transportation,loading and unloading, storage, etc., and analyzes the main factors restricting the development of LNG tank containers. Compared with traditional LNG transportation mode in terms of technology and economy, it analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of LNG tank container transportation mode, proposes the application prospect of LNG tank containers in the future which includes assisting small and medium volume LNG international trade, emergency gas storage and peaking regulation, mobile terminal-user gas supply, as well as fuel tanks for LNG powered ships. Looking forward to the future of LNG transportation pattern in China,the large-scale LNG import trade should mainly be based on LNG bulk carriers and LNG terminals, the small-scale LNG import trade may consider LNG tanks and LNG bulk carriers, short-distance and through transportation may mainly depend on LNG tank trucks, and long-distance and multiple transportation could use LNG tank containers.
引文
[1]吴晓研.多式联运下小型LNG集装箱运输船与集卡优化配置研究[D].大连海事大学, 2013.
[2]吴恒涛.船舶载运LNG罐箱技术研究[D].大连海事大学,2013.
[3]陈国亮.LNG铁路罐式集装箱运输安全研究[D].兰州交通大学, 2018.
[4]交通运输部海事局.船舶载运液化天然气可移动罐柜安全运输条件(征求意见稿)(海危防函〔2019〕53号)[EB/OL].http://www.msa.gov.cn/page/article.do?articleId=0C19BBFA-BF21-4398-91BE-7B6501FACA8F.
[5]张青松.港口水域LNG罐箱运输定量风险评价[J].天然气工业, 2009, 29(1):114-116.
[6]田葆栓.中国铁路LNG运输装备发展与关键技术问题[J].煤气与热力, 2018, 38(8).
[7]彭建华.LNG罐式集装箱水运安全性探讨[J].天然气工业, 2007(04):139-141.
[8]阎英美.多式联运模式下LNG罐式集装箱配箱量优化研究[D].大连海事大学, 2012.
(1)《国际海运危险货物规则》按将危险货物分为九大类,各大类又分为若干个小类。其中第2类为压缩、液化或加压溶解的气体,2.1类指易燃气体危险货物。国际海事组织对LNG罐箱的船上积载、码头装卸及堆存、海上运输都有着非常严格的要求。
[2]吴恒涛.船舶载运LNG罐箱技术研究[D].大连海事大学,2013.
[3]陈国亮.LNG铁路罐式集装箱运输安全研究[D].兰州交通大学, 2018.
[4]交通运输部海事局.船舶载运液化天然气可移动罐柜安全运输条件(征求意见稿)(海危防函〔2019〕53号)[EB/OL].http://www.msa.gov.cn/page/article.do?articleId=0C19BBFA-BF21-4398-91BE-7B6501FACA8F.
[5]张青松.港口水域LNG罐箱运输定量风险评价[J].天然气工业, 2009, 29(1):114-116.
[6]田葆栓.中国铁路LNG运输装备发展与关键技术问题[J].煤气与热力, 2018, 38(8).
[7]彭建华.LNG罐式集装箱水运安全性探讨[J].天然气工业, 2007(04):139-141.
[8]阎英美.多式联运模式下LNG罐式集装箱配箱量优化研究[D].大连海事大学, 2012.
(1)《国际海运危险货物规则》按将危险货物分为九大类,各大类又分为若干个小类。其中第2类为压缩、液化或加压溶解的气体,2.1类指易燃气体危险货物。国际海事组织对LNG罐箱的船上积载、码头装卸及堆存、海上运输都有着非常严格的要求。