垄作方式对薄层黑土区坡面土壤侵蚀的影响
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摘要
定量评价垄作方式对坡面土壤侵蚀的影响,可为坡面土壤侵蚀防治提供理论参考。基于2012—2015年哈尔滨市野外径流小区监测资料,探讨了顺坡垄、横坡垄、无垄作(裸地休闲对照)垄作方式对坡面土壤侵蚀的影响,分析了不同垄作方式下坡面水沙关系。结果表明:不同垄作方式下径流量和侵蚀量均具有显著差异,坡面径流量和侵蚀量均表现为无垄>顺坡垄>横坡垄;与无垄作试验处理相比,横坡垄作使坡面径流量和侵蚀量平均减少了92.4%和98.3%,顺坡垄作使坡面径流量和侵蚀量平均减少66.4%和72.2%。当坡度由3°增加到5°时,无垄作、顺坡垄作、横坡垄作坡面侵蚀量分别增加了0.8,8.2,5.5倍。3种垄作方式下坡面水沙关系均呈现出良好的相关关系,顺坡垄作和无垄作坡面侵蚀量随径流量的增加幅度远大于横坡垄作坡面,当坡面径流量>10.0mm时,二者坡面侵蚀量急剧增加。
Quantitatively assessing the effects of ridge cultivation methods on slope soil erosion can provide important theoretical guidance for prevention slope erosion.Based on the long-term field monitoring data of runoff plot in Harbin city from 2012 to 2015,the effect of longitudinal ridge,contour ridge and flat tillage on runoff and sediment were discussed.The relationships between runoff and sediment under different ridge tillage were analyzed.The results showed that there were significant differences in runoff and sediment yield between different ridge tillage methods,showed the orders of runoff and soil loss was of flat tillage>longitudinal ridge tillage>contour ridge tillage.Compared with flat tillage,contour ridge tillage reduced the runoff and sediment yield by 92.4%and 98.3%,and longitudinal ridge tillage reduced the runoff and sediment yield by 66.4%and 72.2%.When the slope gradient increased from 3°to 5°,the soil loss increased by 0.8,8.2,and 5.5 times,respectively under flat tillage,longitudinal ridge tillage and contour ridge tillage.The result also showed the significant correlations between runoff and sediment under three tillage methods.The increasing range of soil loss under longitudinal ridge tillage and flat tillage treatment was much larger than that under the contour ridge tillage slope.When the slope runoff was greater than 10.0 mm,soil loss under borth treatments of longitudinal ridge tillage and flat tillage increased sharply.
Quantitatively assessing the effects of ridge cultivation methods on slope soil erosion can provide important theoretical guidance for prevention slope erosion.Based on the long-term field monitoring data of runoff plot in Harbin city from 2012 to 2015,the effect of longitudinal ridge,contour ridge and flat tillage on runoff and sediment were discussed.The relationships between runoff and sediment under different ridge tillage were analyzed.The results showed that there were significant differences in runoff and sediment yield between different ridge tillage methods,showed the orders of runoff and soil loss was of flat tillage>longitudinal ridge tillage>contour ridge tillage.Compared with flat tillage,contour ridge tillage reduced the runoff and sediment yield by 92.4%and 98.3%,and longitudinal ridge tillage reduced the runoff and sediment yield by 66.4%and 72.2%.When the slope gradient increased from 3°to 5°,the soil loss increased by 0.8,8.2,and 5.5 times,respectively under flat tillage,longitudinal ridge tillage and contour ridge tillage.The result also showed the significant correlations between runoff and sediment under three tillage methods.The increasing range of soil loss under longitudinal ridge tillage and flat tillage treatment was much larger than that under the contour ridge tillage slope.When the slope runoff was greater than 10.0 mm,soil loss under borth treatments of longitudinal ridge tillage and flat tillage increased sharply.
引文
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[2] An J,Zheng F,Lu J,et al.Investigating the role of raindrop impact on hydrodynamic mechanism of soil erosion under simulated rainfall conditions[J].Soil Science,2012,177(8):517-526.
[3]水利部.中国水土流失防治与生态安全:东北黑土区卷[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.
[4]杨维鸽,郑粉莉,王占礼,等.地形对黑土区典型坡面侵蚀:沉积空间分布特征的影响[J].土壤学报,2016,53(3):572-581.
[5] Liu H,Zhang T,Liu B,et al.Effects of gully erosion and gully filling on soil depth and crop production in the black soil region,northeast China[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2013,68(6):1723-1732.
[6]范昊明,蔡强国,王红闪.中国东北黑土区土壤侵蚀环境[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(2):66-70.
[7] Xu X,Zheng F L,Wilson G V,et al.Comparison of runoff and soil loss in different tillage systems in the Mollisol region of Northeast China[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2018,177:1-11.
[8]沈昌蒲,龚振平,温锦涛.横坡垄与顺坡垄的水土流失对比研究[J].水土保持通报,2005,25(4):48-49.
[9]林艺,秦凤,郑子成,等.不同降雨条件下垄作坡面地表微地形及土壤侵蚀变化特征[J].中国水土保持科学,2015,13(3):32-38.
[10]边锋,郑粉莉,徐锡蒙,等.东北黑土区顺坡垄作和无垄作坡面侵蚀过程对比[J].水土保持通报,2016,36(1):11-16.
[11]宋玥,张忠学.不同耕作措施对黑土坡耕地土壤侵蚀的影响[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(2):14-16.
[12]郑粉莉,边锋,卢嘉,等.雨型对东北典型黑土区顺坡垄作坡面土壤侵蚀的影响[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(2):90-97.
[13]张少良,张兴义,刘晓冰,等.典型黑土侵蚀区不同耕作措施的水土保持功效研究[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(3):11-15.
[14]中华人民共和国水利部.土壤侵蚀分类分级标准(SL190-2007)[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008.
[15]郑明国,蔡强国,王彩峰,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区坡面水保措施及植被对流域尺度水沙关系的影响[J].水利学报,2007,38(1):47-53.
[16]安娟,于妍,吴元芝.降雨类型对褐土横垄坡面土壤侵蚀过程的影响[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(24):150-156.