干旱区膜下滴灌棉田SPAC系统水分通量模拟
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摘要
研究新疆干旱区现行一膜六行滴灌方式下棉田的土壤水分运移过程及SPAC系统水分通量,为实施农业节水策略提供理论依据。在新疆典型棉花种植区田间试验的基础上,通过构建Hydrus-2D土壤水分运移模型,探讨膜下滴灌棉田SPAC系统的水分通量。结果表明,在距地表50~70 cm处由周期性滴灌产生了一个发散型零通量面。整个模拟期内,灌溉是主要水分输入来源,占模拟区域输入水量的87.6%。70%以上的水量均被作物吸收利用,土壤蒸发量及渗漏量仅分别占8.2%和20.8%。灌溉水的利用效率可达85.2%。综合模拟结果表明现行一膜六行的滴灌方式能有效减少土壤蒸发量及深层渗漏量,提高了区域水资源的利用效率。
Knowledge of the law of soil water movement and SPAC continuum water flux in cotton fields under drip irrigation with the common style of one mulched with six rows in the Xinjiang arid region is of great significance to realize agricultural water-saving irrigation. In this study,soil water numerical model is built with the Hydrus-2 D and calibrated with the experimental data to discuss water flux in cotton field SPAC continuum under mulched drip irrigation. The results show that under the periodic irrigation a divergent curved surface of zero flux occurs at a depth of 50-70 cm below the land surface. During the whole simulation period,irrigation is the main source of inflow water,accounting for 87. 6% of the inflow water. More than 70% of the inflow water is consumed by cotton,while soil evaporation and deep percolation account for only 8. 2% and20. 8%,respectuvely. The utilization efficiency of agricultural water is 85. 2%. The simulation results suggest that the current drip irrigation with the style of one mulched with six rows can effectively reduce invalid evaporation and deep percolation and improve the utilization efficiency of irrigation water resource.
Knowledge of the law of soil water movement and SPAC continuum water flux in cotton fields under drip irrigation with the common style of one mulched with six rows in the Xinjiang arid region is of great significance to realize agricultural water-saving irrigation. In this study,soil water numerical model is built with the Hydrus-2 D and calibrated with the experimental data to discuss water flux in cotton field SPAC continuum under mulched drip irrigation. The results show that under the periodic irrigation a divergent curved surface of zero flux occurs at a depth of 50-70 cm below the land surface. During the whole simulation period,irrigation is the main source of inflow water,accounting for 87. 6% of the inflow water. More than 70% of the inflow water is consumed by cotton,while soil evaporation and deep percolation account for only 8. 2% and20. 8%,respectuvely. The utilization efficiency of agricultural water is 85. 2%. The simulation results suggest that the current drip irrigation with the style of one mulched with six rows can effectively reduce invalid evaporation and deep percolation and improve the utilization efficiency of irrigation water resource.
引文
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[7]Hassan G M,Reneau R B J,Hagedorn C.Solute Transport Dynamics where Highly Treated Effluent is Applied to Soil at Varying Rates and Dosing Frequencie[J].Soil Science,2010,175(175):278-292.
[8]吴元芝,黄明斌.基于Hydrus-1D模型的玉米根系吸水影响因素分析[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(增刊2):66-73.[WU Y Z,HUANG M B.Analysis of influential factors for maize root water uptake based on Hydrus-1D model[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2011,27(Sup 2):66-73.(in Chinese)]
[9]马欢,杨大文,雷慧闽,等.Hydrus-1D模型在田间水循环规律分析中的应用及改进[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(3):6-12.[MA H,YANG D W,LEI H M,et al.Application and improvement of Hydrus-1D model for analyzing water cycle in an agricultural field[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2011,27(3):6-12.(in Chinese)]
[10]LIU M X,YANG J S,XIAO M L,et al.Numerical simulation of soil water dynamics in a drip irrigated cotton field under plastic mulch[J].Pedosphere,2013,23(5):620-635.
[11]HAN M,ZHAO C Y,FENG G,et al.Evaluating the effects of mulch and irrigation amount on soil waterdistribution and root zone water balance using HYDRUS-2D[J].Water,2015,7(6):2622-2640.
[12]何康康,杨艳敏,杨永辉.基于HYDRUS-1D模型的华北低平原区不同微咸水利用模式下土壤水盐运移的模拟[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(8):1059-1070.[HE K K,YANG Y M,YANG Y H.Hydrus-1D model simulation of soil water and salt movement under various brackish water use schemes in the North China Lowplain[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2016,24(8):1059-1070.(in Chinese)]
[13]Phogat V,Mahadevan M,Skewes M,et al.Modelling soil water and salt dynamics under pulsed and continuous surface drip irrigation of almond and implications of system design[J].Irrigation Science,2012,30(4):315-333.
[14]黄金瓯,靳孟贵,栗现文.咸淡水轮灌对棉花产量和土壤溶质迁移的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(17):99-107.[HUANG J O,JIN M G,LI X W.Effects of alternative irrigation with brackish and fresh water on cotton yields and solute transport in soil[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(17):99-107.(in Chinese)]
[15]WANG Z M,JIN M G,im7)unek J,et al.Evaluation of mulched drip irrigation for cotton in arid Northwest China[J].Irrigation Science,2014,32(1):15-27.
[16]LI X W,JIN M G,ZHOU N Q,et al.Evaluation of evapotranspiration and deep percolation under mulched drip irrigation in an oasis of Tarim Basin,China[J].Journal of Hydrology,2016,538:677-688.
[17]陈文岭,靳孟贵,刘延锋,等.微根管法监测膜下滴灌棉花根系生长动态[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(2):87-93.[CHEN W L,JIN M G,LIU Y F,et al.Monitoring cotton root growth dynamics under mulched drip irrigation using monirhizotrontechnique[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2017,33(2):87-93.(in Chinese)]
[18]朱红艳.干旱地域地下水浅埋区土壤水分变化规律研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2014.[ZHU H Y.Research on soil moisture variation in shallow groundwater area of arid regions[D].Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2014.(in Chinese)]
[19]王在敏,靳孟贵,何雨江,等.基于染色示踪的膜下滴灌棉田水盐运移规律[J].地球科学,2012,37(5):1093-1100.[WANG Z M,JIN M G,HE Y J,et al.Water flow and salt transport in cotton field of mulched drip-irrigation using dye tracer[J].Earth Science,2012,37(5):1093-1100.(in Chinese)]
[20]王在敏,何雨江,靳孟贵,等.运用土壤水盐运移模型优化棉花微咸水膜下滴灌制度[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(17):63-70.[WANG Z M,HE Y J,JIN M G,et al.Optimization of mulched dripirrigation with brackish water for cotton using soilwater-salt numerical simulation[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(17):63-70.(in Chinese)]
[21]Sim7)unek J,Van G M,Sejna M.Development and Applications of the Hydrus and Stanmod Software Packages and Related Codes[J].Vadose Zone Journal,2008,7(2),587-600.
[22]Siyal A A,Skaggs T H.Measured and simulated soil wetting patterns under porous clay pipe sub-surface irrigation[J].Agricultural Water Management,2009,96(6):893-904.
[23]徐旭,黄冠华,黄权中.农田水盐运移与作物生长模型耦合及验证[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(4):110-117.[XU X,HUANG G H,,HUANG Q Z,et al.Coupled simulation of soil water flow,solute transport and crop growth processes at field scale and its validation[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2013,29(4):110-117.(in Chinese)]
[24]王在敏.干旱区微咸水膜下滴灌棉花-水-溶质相互作用研究[D].武汉:中国地质大学,2014.[WANG Z M.Study on the cotton-water-solute interactions under mulched drip irrigation with brackish water in an arid area[D].Wuhan:China University of Geoscience,2014.(in Chinese)]
[25]李丽丽,栾胜基.基于NEWS模型的北江流域营养盐输出模拟[J].北京大学学报:自然科学版,2017,53(2):369-377.[LI L L,LUAN S J.Modeling nutrients exports by rivers from watersheds to river mouth:case study of Beijiang river basin[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,2017,53(2):369-377.(in Chinese)]
[26]李惠,梁杏,刘延锋,等.基于氢氧稳定同位素识别干旱区棉花水分利用来源[J].地球科学,2017,42(5):843-852.[LI H,LIANG X,LIU Y F,et al.Application of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes for determining water sources used by cotton in Xinjiang arid region[J].Earth Science,2017,42(5):843-852.(in Chinese)]
[27]霍思远,靳孟贵.不同降水及灌溉条件下的地下水入渗补给规律[J].水文地质工程地质,2015,42(5):6-13.[HUO S Y,JIN M G.Effects of precipitation and irrigation on vertical groundwater recharge[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2015,42(5):6-13.(in Chinese)]
[2]石岩,饶丹.新疆水资源现状及其可持续利用对策分析[J].华北水利水电大学学报(自然科学版),2015,36(4):36-38.[SHI Y,RAO D.Analysis on present situation of water resources and sustainable utilization countermeasures of Xinjiang[J].Journal of North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power(Natural Science Edition),2015,36(4):36-38.(in Chinese)]
[3]王西琴,吴若然,李兆捷,等.我国农业用水安全的分区及发展对策[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(10):1428-1434.[WANG X Q,WU R R,LI Z J,et al.Agricultural water security zoning and developmental countermeasures in China[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2016,24(10):1428-1434.(in Chinese)]
[4]王鹏,宋献方,袁瑞强,等.基于Hydrus-1d模型的农田SPAC系统水分通量估算——以山西省运城市董村农场为例[J].地理研究,2011,30(4):622-634.[WANG P,SONG X F,YUAN R Q,et al.Water flux estimation in SPAC system of farmland using Hydrus-1d model:A case of Dongcun Farm in Yuncheng City,Shanxi Province[J].Geographical Research,2011,30(4):622-634.(in Chinese)]
[5]虎胆·吐马尔白,吴争光,苏里坦,等.棉花膜下滴灌土壤水盐运移规律数值模拟[J].土壤,2012,44(4):665-670.[HUDAN T,WU Z G,SU L T,et al.Numerical simulation of soil water-salt movement on drip irrigation cotton under film[J].Soils,2012,44(4):665-670.(in Chinese)]
[6]何雨江.微咸水膜下滴灌土壤水盐运移研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(32):243-248.[He Y J.Advances in Soil Water-Salt Transport of Drip Irrigation Under Mulch with Saline Water[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2012,28(32):243-248]
[7]Hassan G M,Reneau R B J,Hagedorn C.Solute Transport Dynamics where Highly Treated Effluent is Applied to Soil at Varying Rates and Dosing Frequencie[J].Soil Science,2010,175(175):278-292.
[8]吴元芝,黄明斌.基于Hydrus-1D模型的玉米根系吸水影响因素分析[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(增刊2):66-73.[WU Y Z,HUANG M B.Analysis of influential factors for maize root water uptake based on Hydrus-1D model[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2011,27(Sup 2):66-73.(in Chinese)]
[9]马欢,杨大文,雷慧闽,等.Hydrus-1D模型在田间水循环规律分析中的应用及改进[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(3):6-12.[MA H,YANG D W,LEI H M,et al.Application and improvement of Hydrus-1D model for analyzing water cycle in an agricultural field[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2011,27(3):6-12.(in Chinese)]
[10]LIU M X,YANG J S,XIAO M L,et al.Numerical simulation of soil water dynamics in a drip irrigated cotton field under plastic mulch[J].Pedosphere,2013,23(5):620-635.
[11]HAN M,ZHAO C Y,FENG G,et al.Evaluating the effects of mulch and irrigation amount on soil waterdistribution and root zone water balance using HYDRUS-2D[J].Water,2015,7(6):2622-2640.
[12]何康康,杨艳敏,杨永辉.基于HYDRUS-1D模型的华北低平原区不同微咸水利用模式下土壤水盐运移的模拟[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(8):1059-1070.[HE K K,YANG Y M,YANG Y H.Hydrus-1D model simulation of soil water and salt movement under various brackish water use schemes in the North China Lowplain[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2016,24(8):1059-1070.(in Chinese)]
[13]Phogat V,Mahadevan M,Skewes M,et al.Modelling soil water and salt dynamics under pulsed and continuous surface drip irrigation of almond and implications of system design[J].Irrigation Science,2012,30(4):315-333.
[14]黄金瓯,靳孟贵,栗现文.咸淡水轮灌对棉花产量和土壤溶质迁移的影响[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(17):99-107.[HUANG J O,JIN M G,LI X W.Effects of alternative irrigation with brackish and fresh water on cotton yields and solute transport in soil[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(17):99-107.(in Chinese)]
[15]WANG Z M,JIN M G,im7)unek J,et al.Evaluation of mulched drip irrigation for cotton in arid Northwest China[J].Irrigation Science,2014,32(1):15-27.
[16]LI X W,JIN M G,ZHOU N Q,et al.Evaluation of evapotranspiration and deep percolation under mulched drip irrigation in an oasis of Tarim Basin,China[J].Journal of Hydrology,2016,538:677-688.
[17]陈文岭,靳孟贵,刘延锋,等.微根管法监测膜下滴灌棉花根系生长动态[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(2):87-93.[CHEN W L,JIN M G,LIU Y F,et al.Monitoring cotton root growth dynamics under mulched drip irrigation using monirhizotrontechnique[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2017,33(2):87-93.(in Chinese)]
[18]朱红艳.干旱地域地下水浅埋区土壤水分变化规律研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2014.[ZHU H Y.Research on soil moisture variation in shallow groundwater area of arid regions[D].Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2014.(in Chinese)]
[19]王在敏,靳孟贵,何雨江,等.基于染色示踪的膜下滴灌棉田水盐运移规律[J].地球科学,2012,37(5):1093-1100.[WANG Z M,JIN M G,HE Y J,et al.Water flow and salt transport in cotton field of mulched drip-irrigation using dye tracer[J].Earth Science,2012,37(5):1093-1100.(in Chinese)]
[20]王在敏,何雨江,靳孟贵,等.运用土壤水盐运移模型优化棉花微咸水膜下滴灌制度[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(17):63-70.[WANG Z M,HE Y J,JIN M G,et al.Optimization of mulched dripirrigation with brackish water for cotton using soilwater-salt numerical simulation[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(17):63-70.(in Chinese)]
[21]Sim7)unek J,Van G M,Sejna M.Development and Applications of the Hydrus and Stanmod Software Packages and Related Codes[J].Vadose Zone Journal,2008,7(2),587-600.
[22]Siyal A A,Skaggs T H.Measured and simulated soil wetting patterns under porous clay pipe sub-surface irrigation[J].Agricultural Water Management,2009,96(6):893-904.
[23]徐旭,黄冠华,黄权中.农田水盐运移与作物生长模型耦合及验证[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(4):110-117.[XU X,HUANG G H,,HUANG Q Z,et al.Coupled simulation of soil water flow,solute transport and crop growth processes at field scale and its validation[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2013,29(4):110-117.(in Chinese)]
[24]王在敏.干旱区微咸水膜下滴灌棉花-水-溶质相互作用研究[D].武汉:中国地质大学,2014.[WANG Z M.Study on the cotton-water-solute interactions under mulched drip irrigation with brackish water in an arid area[D].Wuhan:China University of Geoscience,2014.(in Chinese)]
[25]李丽丽,栾胜基.基于NEWS模型的北江流域营养盐输出模拟[J].北京大学学报:自然科学版,2017,53(2):369-377.[LI L L,LUAN S J.Modeling nutrients exports by rivers from watersheds to river mouth:case study of Beijiang river basin[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,2017,53(2):369-377.(in Chinese)]
[26]李惠,梁杏,刘延锋,等.基于氢氧稳定同位素识别干旱区棉花水分利用来源[J].地球科学,2017,42(5):843-852.[LI H,LIANG X,LIU Y F,et al.Application of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes for determining water sources used by cotton in Xinjiang arid region[J].Earth Science,2017,42(5):843-852.(in Chinese)]
[27]霍思远,靳孟贵.不同降水及灌溉条件下的地下水入渗补给规律[J].水文地质工程地质,2015,42(5):6-13.[HUO S Y,JIN M G.Effects of precipitation and irrigation on vertical groundwater recharge[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2015,42(5):6-13.(in Chinese)]