不同脉冲电流下水中铜丝电爆炸特性的实验研究
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摘要
开展了微秒尺度不同脉冲电流下水中金属铜丝电爆炸光辐射与冲击波特性研究。在相同的储能与放电模式下,使用不同上升速率的脉冲电流驱动相同规格的金属丝产生电爆炸,并测量放电过程中的负载电压、回路电流、光辐射强度、时间积分光谱与冲击波压力波形,据此计算了负载沉积能量并重建了冲击波波形。实验结果表明,电流上升速率对电爆炸过程存在显著影响,在500J系统储能、平均上升速率为66.1A/ns与7.7A/ns的脉冲电流作用下负载在电压峰值时刻的沉积能量分别为18.6eV/atom与10.3eV/atom,冲击波峰值压力分别为7.6MPa与7.0MPa。此外,光强–时间曲线表明光辐射峰值出现在放电中后期并持续几十微秒。总体而言,更快电流上升速率下的水中铜丝电爆炸将导致更多能量在电压峰值前沉积,伴随更强的光辐射,并产生具有更高压力峰值且衰减更快的冲击波。本研究对水中金属丝电爆炸伴随效应的研究及其工业应用具有一定参考意义。
An experimental study of optical emission and pressure waves generated by an exploding copper wire in a water medium was performed. By changing circuit parameters,pulsed currents with different rising rate were obtained to explode the wires under the same discharge type. Load voltage,circuit current, shock wave pressure, and time-integrated spectra were recorded and analyzed. Deposited energy and reconstructed shock waves were also calculated. Experimental results indicate that the rising rate of a pulsed current has a significant effect on the underwater electrical wire explosion phenomenon. In an experiment, with an initial stored energy of500 J, a 100μm-diameter, 2 cm-long copper wire was respectively exploded by two pulsed currents with an average rising rate of 66.1 A/ns and 7.7 A/ns. The deposited energy at the voltage peak of the two cases was 18.6 eV/atom and10.3 e V/atom, respectively. The peak pressure was 7.6 MPa and7.0 MPa, respectively. The largest optical emission appeared around the end of the discharge and lasted for dozens of micro-seconds. These results demonstrate that a faster rising rate of a current results in more energy deposited before the wire explosion and less energy deposited after the voltage collapse, resulting in a stronger optical emission, leading to the shock waves with a larger peak pressure and smaller decay time constant. It is hoped that this study will aid in better understanding accompanied phenomena of UEWE and act as a reference for related applications.
An experimental study of optical emission and pressure waves generated by an exploding copper wire in a water medium was performed. By changing circuit parameters,pulsed currents with different rising rate were obtained to explode the wires under the same discharge type. Load voltage,circuit current, shock wave pressure, and time-integrated spectra were recorded and analyzed. Deposited energy and reconstructed shock waves were also calculated. Experimental results indicate that the rising rate of a pulsed current has a significant effect on the underwater electrical wire explosion phenomenon. In an experiment, with an initial stored energy of500 J, a 100μm-diameter, 2 cm-long copper wire was respectively exploded by two pulsed currents with an average rising rate of 66.1 A/ns and 7.7 A/ns. The deposited energy at the voltage peak of the two cases was 18.6 eV/atom and10.3 e V/atom, respectively. The peak pressure was 7.6 MPa and7.0 MPa, respectively. The largest optical emission appeared around the end of the discharge and lasted for dozens of micro-seconds. These results demonstrate that a faster rising rate of a current results in more energy deposited before the wire explosion and less energy deposited after the voltage collapse, resulting in a stronger optical emission, leading to the shock waves with a larger peak pressure and smaller decay time constant. It is hoped that this study will aid in better understanding accompanied phenomena of UEWE and act as a reference for related applications.
引文
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[19]Han Ruoyu,Zhou Haibin,Liu Qiaojue,et al.Generation of electrohydraulic shock waves by plasma-ignited energetic materials:I.fundamental mechanisms and processes[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2015,43(12):3999-4008.
[20]Grinenko A,Gurovich V T,Saypin A,et al.Strongly coupled copper plasma generated by underwater electrical wire explosion[J].Physical Review E,2005,72(6):066401.
[21]Chung K J,Lee K,Hwang Y S,et al.Numerical model for electrical explosion of copper wires in water[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2016,120(20):203301.
[22]Lee W M,Ford R D.Pressure measurements correlated with electrical explosion of metals in water[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1988,64(8):3851-3854.
[23]Grinenko A,Krasik Y E,Efimov S,et al.Nanosecond time scale,high power electrical wire explosion in water[J].Physics of Plasmas,2006,13(4):042701.
[24]Han Ruoyu,Zhou Haibin,Wu Jiawei,et al.Experimental verification of the vaporization's contribution to the shock waves generated by underwater electrical wire explosion under micro-second timescale pulsed discharge[J].Physics of Plasmas,2017,24(6):063511.
[25]Shi Zongqian,Wang Kun,Shi Yuanjie,et al.Experimental investigation on the energy deposition and expansion rate under the electrical explosion of aluminum wire in vacuum[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2015,118(24):243302.
[26]Krasik Y E,Grinenko A,Sayapin A,et al.Underwater electrical wire explosion and its applications[J].IEEETransactions on Plasma Science,2008,36(2):423-434.
[27]Oreshkin V I.Thermal instability during an electrical wire explosion[J].Physics of Plasmas,2008,15(9):092103.
[28]Sarkisov G S,Sasorov P V,Struve K W,et al.State of the metal core in nanosecond exploding wires and related phenomena[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2004,96(3):1674-1686.
[29]Yanuka D,Rososhek A,Krasik Y E.Comparison of electrical explosions of Cu and Al wires in water and glycerol[J].Physics of Plasmas,2017,24(5):053512.
[2]Wu Jian,Li Xingwen,Li Mo,et al.Review of effects of dielectric coatings on electrical exploding wires and Zpinches[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,2017,50(40):403002.
[3]Wang Kun,Shi Zongqian,Shi Yuanjie.The formation and evolution of the core-corona structure in the electrical explosion of aluminum wire in vacuum:experimental and numerical investigations[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,2017,50(31):315201.
[4]韩若愚,吴佳玮,丁卫东,等.空气中不同金属丝电爆炸的光辐射特性[J].高电压技术,2017,43(9):3093-3099.Han Ruoyu,Wu Jiawei,Ding Weidong,et al.Optical emission characteristics of electrical explosion of different wires in air[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(9):3093-3099(in Chinese).
[5]王坤,史宗谦,石元杰,等.真空及空气中金属丝电爆炸特性研究[J].物理学报,2017,66(18):157-164.Wang Kun,Shi Zongqian,Shi Yuanjie,et al.Characteristics of electrical explosion of single wire in a vacuum and in the air[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2017,66(18):157-164(in Chinese).
[6]Krasik Y E,Fedotov A,Sheftman D,et al.Underwater electrical wire explosion[J].Plasma Sources Science and Technology,2010,19(3):034020.
[7]Zhou Haibin,Zhang Yongmin,Han Ruoyu,et al.Signal analysis and waveform reconstruction of shock waves generated by underwater electrical wire explosions with piezoelectric pressure probes[J].Sensors,2016,16(4):573.
[8]Bland S N,Krasik Y E,Yanuka D,et al.Generation of highly symmetric,cylindrically convergent shockwaves in water[J].Physics of Plasmas,2017,24(8):082702.
[9]Liu Yi,Li Zhiyuan,Li Xiandong,et al.Intensity improvement of shock waves induced by liquid electrical discharges[J].Physics of Plasmas,2017,24(4):043510.
[10]刘毅,李志远,李显东,等.水中大电流脉冲放电激波影响因素分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(9):2741-2749.Liu Yi,Li Zhiyuan,Li Xiandong,et al.Effect factors of the characteristics of shock waves induced by underwater high current pulsed discharge[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(9):2741-2749(in Chinese).
[11]张永民,邱爱慈,周海滨,等.面向化石能源开发的电爆炸冲击波技术研究进展[J].高电压技术,2016,42(4):1009-1017.Zhang Yongmin,Qiu Aici,Zhou Haibin,et al.Research progress in electrical explosion shockwave technology for developing fossil energy[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(4):1009-1017(in Chinese).
[12]Li Liuxia,Wang Xinxin,Wang Xinxin,et al.Preliminary experiment on shock waves generated by underwater electrical explosion of wires[C]//2017 IEEE 21st International Conference on Pulsed Power(PPC).Brighton,UK:IEEE,2017:1-1.
[13]Fedotov-Gefen A,Efimov S,Gilburd L,et al.Extreme water state produced by underwater wire-array electrical explosion[J].Applied Physics Letters,2010,96(22):221502.
[14]Virozub A,Gurovich V T,Yanuka D,et al.Addressing optimal underwater electrical explosion of a wire[J].Physics of Plasmas,2016,23(9):092708.
[15]Efimov S,Gurovich V T,Bazalitski G,et al.Addressing the efficiency of the energy transfer to the water flow by underwater electrical wire explosion[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2009,106(7):073308.
[16]Han Ruoyu,Wu Jiawei,Zhou Haibin,et al.Characteristics of exploding metal wires in water with three discharge types[J].Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics,2017,122(3):033302.
[17]Sunka P,BabickyV,Clupek M,et al.Generation of chemically active species by electrical discharges in water[J].Plasma Sources Science and Technology,1999,8(2):258-265.
[18]Cho Chuhyun,Yang Sungchae.Silver wire explosion process under water[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2008,36(4):1150-1151.
[19]Han Ruoyu,Zhou Haibin,Liu Qiaojue,et al.Generation of electrohydraulic shock waves by plasma-ignited energetic materials:I.fundamental mechanisms and processes[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2015,43(12):3999-4008.
[20]Grinenko A,Gurovich V T,Saypin A,et al.Strongly coupled copper plasma generated by underwater electrical wire explosion[J].Physical Review E,2005,72(6):066401.
[21]Chung K J,Lee K,Hwang Y S,et al.Numerical model for electrical explosion of copper wires in water[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2016,120(20):203301.
[22]Lee W M,Ford R D.Pressure measurements correlated with electrical explosion of metals in water[J].Journal of Applied Physics,1988,64(8):3851-3854.
[23]Grinenko A,Krasik Y E,Efimov S,et al.Nanosecond time scale,high power electrical wire explosion in water[J].Physics of Plasmas,2006,13(4):042701.
[24]Han Ruoyu,Zhou Haibin,Wu Jiawei,et al.Experimental verification of the vaporization's contribution to the shock waves generated by underwater electrical wire explosion under micro-second timescale pulsed discharge[J].Physics of Plasmas,2017,24(6):063511.
[25]Shi Zongqian,Wang Kun,Shi Yuanjie,et al.Experimental investigation on the energy deposition and expansion rate under the electrical explosion of aluminum wire in vacuum[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2015,118(24):243302.
[26]Krasik Y E,Grinenko A,Sayapin A,et al.Underwater electrical wire explosion and its applications[J].IEEETransactions on Plasma Science,2008,36(2):423-434.
[27]Oreshkin V I.Thermal instability during an electrical wire explosion[J].Physics of Plasmas,2008,15(9):092103.
[28]Sarkisov G S,Sasorov P V,Struve K W,et al.State of the metal core in nanosecond exploding wires and related phenomena[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2004,96(3):1674-1686.
[29]Yanuka D,Rososhek A,Krasik Y E.Comparison of electrical explosions of Cu and Al wires in water and glycerol[J].Physics of Plasmas,2017,24(5):053512.