2014—2017年四川盆地与京津冀地区冬季空气停滞特征及大气质量改善评估对比分析
|
摘要
对2014—2017年四川盆地和京津冀地区气象数据和污染物浓度数据进行综合评估,在原有全球空气停滞日判别标准基础上发展出本地化空气停滞指数阈值,并以提高两个区域空气质量优良天数为目的建立模型,计算各城市空气停滞发生时PM_(2.5)污染上限浓度参考值.本研究得出,四川盆地和京津冀地区本地化空气停滞日判别标准分别为地面风速<2.5 m·s~(-1)、边界层高度<500 m和地面风速<3 m·s~(-1)、边界层高度<300 m.四川盆地冬季空气停滞发生频率四周高,中心小,空气停滞对空气质量的影响西部高于东部;京津冀中部和南部空气停滞频率发生高,空气停滞对空气质量的影响呈现显著的南北差异.四川盆地以成都为中心城市群及京津冀中部和南部地区的高污染排放强度和高空气停滞频率导致重污染事件的频发.本文对我国两个冬季重污染高发的区域进行深入研究,更为客观、量化地评估4年来区域空气质量实际改善程度并初步建立空气质量目标管理模型,以期为区域空气质量达标管理提供可靠的科学依据.
The localized thresholds of air stagnation status for Sichuan Basin and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei were developed based on the global air stagnation criterion, according to the comprehensive analysis of the data of meteorology and air quality in winter from 2014 to 2017, and we also established a simplified model to calculate the upper limited concentration of PM_(2.5) for reference under the status of air stagnation in order to improve the percentage of good air quality days. The localized criteria for air stagnation for Sichuan Basin and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei were given as surface wind speed < 2.5 m·s~(-1), boundary layer height < 500 m, and surface wind speed < 3 m·s~(-1), boundary layer height < 300 m, in this study, respectively. As for Sichuan Basin, the occurrence frequency of air stagnation was obviously higher in surrounding areas than that in center, and a stronger effects of air stagnation on air quality was observed in the western part of the basin. In the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the air stagnation events happened more frequently in the middle and southern area, and there was a significant difference in air stagnation effect between the southern part and the northern part of this region. The high emission intensity of air pollutants in city agglomeration surrounding Chengdu in west of Sichuan Basin and the middle and southern part of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region might lead to the high frequency of heavy pollutions in such areas. In this study, we conducted in-depth research on two regions with severe pollution in winter in China, and then objectively and quantitatively evaluated the actual improvement of regional air quality in the past four years. We also established a preliminary model to provide a more reliable and scientific basis for regional air quality management.
The localized thresholds of air stagnation status for Sichuan Basin and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei were developed based on the global air stagnation criterion, according to the comprehensive analysis of the data of meteorology and air quality in winter from 2014 to 2017, and we also established a simplified model to calculate the upper limited concentration of PM_(2.5) for reference under the status of air stagnation in order to improve the percentage of good air quality days. The localized criteria for air stagnation for Sichuan Basin and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei were given as surface wind speed < 2.5 m·s~(-1), boundary layer height < 500 m, and surface wind speed < 3 m·s~(-1), boundary layer height < 300 m, in this study, respectively. As for Sichuan Basin, the occurrence frequency of air stagnation was obviously higher in surrounding areas than that in center, and a stronger effects of air stagnation on air quality was observed in the western part of the basin. In the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the air stagnation events happened more frequently in the middle and southern area, and there was a significant difference in air stagnation effect between the southern part and the northern part of this region. The high emission intensity of air pollutants in city agglomeration surrounding Chengdu in west of Sichuan Basin and the middle and southern part of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region might lead to the high frequency of heavy pollutions in such areas. In this study, we conducted in-depth research on two regions with severe pollution in winter in China, and then objectively and quantitatively evaluated the actual improvement of regional air quality in the past four years. We also established a preliminary model to provide a more reliable and scientific basis for regional air quality management.
引文
曹军骥.2014.PM2.5与环境 [M].北京:科学出版社.428
Chen H,Wang H.2015.Haze days in North China and the associated atmospheric circulations based on daily visibility data from 1960 to 2012[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,120(12):5895-5909
Chen Y,Xie S.2012.Temporal and spatial visibility trends in the Sichuan Basin,China,1973 to 2010[J].Atmospheric Research,112:25-34
Ding Y H,Liu Y J.2014.Analysis of long-term variations of fog and haze in China in recent 50 years and their relations with atmospheric humidity[J].Science China Earth Sciences,57(1):36-46
Fu G Q,Xu W Y,Yang R F,et al.2014.The distribution and trends of fog and haze in the North China Plain over the past 30 years[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,14(21):11949-11958
Guan D,Su X,Zhang Q,et al.2014.The socioeconomic drivers of China′s primary PM2.5 emissions[J].Environmental Research Letters,9(2):024010
Guo L J,Guo X L,Fang C G,et al.2015.Observation analysis on characteristics of formation,evolution and transition of a long-lasting severe fog and haze episode in North China[J].Science China Earth Sciences,58(3):329-344
Horton D E,Skinner C B,Singh D,et al.2014.Occurrence and persistence of future atmospheric stagnation events[J].Nature Climate Change,4(8):698-703
Hu J,Wang Y,Ying Q,et al.2014.Spatial and temporal variability of PM2.5 and PM10 over the North China Plain and the Yangtze River Delta,China[J].Atmospheric Environment,95:598-609
Hu M,Jia L,Wang J,et al.2013.Spatial and temporal characteristics of particulate matter in Beijing,China using the Empirical Mode Decomposition method[J].Science of The Total Environment,458-460:70-80
Hu W,Hu M,Hu W W,et al.2016.Characterization of submicron aerosols influenced by biomass burning at a site in the Sichuan Basin,southwestern China[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,16(20):13213-13230
Huang Q,Cai X,Song Y,et al.2017.Air stagnation in China (1985—2014):climatological mean features and trends[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,17(12):1-23
IPCC,2013:Climate Change 2013.The Physical Science Basis[OL].Cambridge University Press,1535 pp.,https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.
Ji D,Wang Y,Wang L,et al.2012.Analysis of heavy pollution episodes in selected cities of northern China[J].Atmospheric Environment,50(3):338-348
Kan H,Chen R,Tong S.2012.Ambient air pollution,climate change,and population health in China[J].Environment International,42:10-19
Korshover J,Angell J K.1982.A review of air-stagnation cases in the eastern united states during 1981— Annual summary[J].Monthly Weather Review,110(10):1515-1518
Leung,Ruby L.2005.Potential regional climate change and implications to U.S.air quality[J].Geophysical Research Letters,32(16):L16711
Li L,Qian J,Ou C Q,et al.2014.Spatial and temporal analysis of air pollution index and its timescale-dependent relationship with meteorological factors in Guangzhou,China,2001—2011[J].Environmental Pollution,190:75-81
Li Q,Zhang R,Wang Y.2016.Interannual variation of the wintertime fog-haze days across central and eastern China and its relation with East Asian winter monsoon[J].International Journal of Climatology,36(1):346-354
Bressi M,Sciare J,Ghersi V,et al.2013.A one-year comprehensive chemical characterisation of fine aerosol (PM2.5) at urban,suburban and rural background sites in the region of Paris (France)[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,13(15):7825-7844
Mijling B,Van d A R J,Zhang Q.2013.Regional nitrogen oxides emission trends in East Asia observed from space[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,13(23):12003-12012
Mu Q,Liao H.2014.Simulation of the interannual variations of aerosols in China:role of variations in meteorological parameters[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,14(18):9597-9612
Niu F,Li Z,Li C,et al.2010.Increase of wintertime fog in China:Potential impacts of weakening of the Eastern Asian monsoon circulation and increasing aerosol loading[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,115:D00K20
潘竟虎,张文,李俊峰,等.2014.中国大范围雾霾期间主要城市空气污染物分布特征[J].生态学杂志,33(12):3423-3431
潘月鹏,贾琳,田世丽,等.2014.大气霾污染对农业生产的可能影响[J].农业环境科学学报,33(11):2279-2280
Quan J,Tie X,Zhang Q,et al.2014.Characteristics of heavy aerosol pollution during the 2012—2013 winter in Beijing,China[J].Atmospheric Environment,88:83-89
Quan J,Zhang Q,He H,et al.2011.Analysis of the formation of fog and haze in North China Plain (NCP)[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,11(15):8205-8214
Rigby M,Toumi R.2008.London air pollution climatology:Indirect evidence for urban boundary layer height and wind speed enhancement[J].Atmospheric Environment,42(20):4932-4947
Tao W,Liu J,Banweiss G A,et al.2015.Effects of urban land expansion on the regional meteorology and air quality of Eastern China[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions,15(7):10299-10340
Wang X,Wang K,Su L.2016.Contribution of Atmospheric Diffusion Conditions to the Recent Improvement in Air Quality in China[J].Scientific Reports,6:36404
Wang X,Dickinson E,Su L,et al.2018.PM2.5 pollution in China and how it has been exacerbated by terrain and meteorological conditions[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,99(1):105-119
Wang Y H,Liu Z R,Zhang J K,et al.2015.Aerosol physicochemical properties and implications for visibility during an intense haze episode during winter in Beijing[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,15(6):3205-3215
Wang J X L,Angell J K,1999.Air stagnation climatology for the United States (1948—1998)[OL].NOAA/Air Resources Laboratory ATLAS 1,76 pp.,https://www.arl.noaa.gov/documents/reports/atlas.pdf.
Yu L D,Wang G F,Zhang R J,et al.2013.Characterization and source apportionment of PM2.5 in an urban environment in Beijing [J].Aerosol and Air Quality Research,13(2):574-583
Zhang R,Li Q,Zhang R N.2014.Meteorological conditions for the persistent severe fog and haze event over eastern China in January 2013[J].Science China Earth Sciences,57(1):26-35
Zhang Y L,Cao F.2015.Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in China at a city level[J].Scientific Reports,5:14884
Zhang Y,Wen X Y,Jang C J.2010.Simulating chemistry-aerosol-cloud-radiation-climate feedbacks over the continental U.S.using the online-coupled Weather Research Forecasting Model with chemistry (WRF/Chem)[J].Atmospheric Environment,44(29):3568-3582
Zhang Y,Ding A,Mao H,et al.2016.Impact of synoptic weather patterns and inter-decadal climate variability on air quality in the North China Plain during 1980—2013[J].Atmospheric Environmental,124:119-128
Zhao X J,Zhao P S,Xu J,et al.2013.Analysis of a winter regional haze event and its formation mechanism in the North China Plain[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,13(1):5685-5696
Chen H,Wang H.2015.Haze days in North China and the associated atmospheric circulations based on daily visibility data from 1960 to 2012[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,120(12):5895-5909
Chen Y,Xie S.2012.Temporal and spatial visibility trends in the Sichuan Basin,China,1973 to 2010[J].Atmospheric Research,112:25-34
Ding Y H,Liu Y J.2014.Analysis of long-term variations of fog and haze in China in recent 50 years and their relations with atmospheric humidity[J].Science China Earth Sciences,57(1):36-46
Fu G Q,Xu W Y,Yang R F,et al.2014.The distribution and trends of fog and haze in the North China Plain over the past 30 years[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,14(21):11949-11958
Guan D,Su X,Zhang Q,et al.2014.The socioeconomic drivers of China′s primary PM2.5 emissions[J].Environmental Research Letters,9(2):024010
Guo L J,Guo X L,Fang C G,et al.2015.Observation analysis on characteristics of formation,evolution and transition of a long-lasting severe fog and haze episode in North China[J].Science China Earth Sciences,58(3):329-344
Horton D E,Skinner C B,Singh D,et al.2014.Occurrence and persistence of future atmospheric stagnation events[J].Nature Climate Change,4(8):698-703
Hu J,Wang Y,Ying Q,et al.2014.Spatial and temporal variability of PM2.5 and PM10 over the North China Plain and the Yangtze River Delta,China[J].Atmospheric Environment,95:598-609
Hu M,Jia L,Wang J,et al.2013.Spatial and temporal characteristics of particulate matter in Beijing,China using the Empirical Mode Decomposition method[J].Science of The Total Environment,458-460:70-80
Hu W,Hu M,Hu W W,et al.2016.Characterization of submicron aerosols influenced by biomass burning at a site in the Sichuan Basin,southwestern China[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,16(20):13213-13230
Huang Q,Cai X,Song Y,et al.2017.Air stagnation in China (1985—2014):climatological mean features and trends[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,17(12):1-23
IPCC,2013:Climate Change 2013.The Physical Science Basis[OL].Cambridge University Press,1535 pp.,https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.
Ji D,Wang Y,Wang L,et al.2012.Analysis of heavy pollution episodes in selected cities of northern China[J].Atmospheric Environment,50(3):338-348
Kan H,Chen R,Tong S.2012.Ambient air pollution,climate change,and population health in China[J].Environment International,42:10-19
Korshover J,Angell J K.1982.A review of air-stagnation cases in the eastern united states during 1981— Annual summary[J].Monthly Weather Review,110(10):1515-1518
Leung,Ruby L.2005.Potential regional climate change and implications to U.S.air quality[J].Geophysical Research Letters,32(16):L16711
Li L,Qian J,Ou C Q,et al.2014.Spatial and temporal analysis of air pollution index and its timescale-dependent relationship with meteorological factors in Guangzhou,China,2001—2011[J].Environmental Pollution,190:75-81
Li Q,Zhang R,Wang Y.2016.Interannual variation of the wintertime fog-haze days across central and eastern China and its relation with East Asian winter monsoon[J].International Journal of Climatology,36(1):346-354
Bressi M,Sciare J,Ghersi V,et al.2013.A one-year comprehensive chemical characterisation of fine aerosol (PM2.5) at urban,suburban and rural background sites in the region of Paris (France)[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,13(15):7825-7844
Mijling B,Van d A R J,Zhang Q.2013.Regional nitrogen oxides emission trends in East Asia observed from space[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,13(23):12003-12012
Mu Q,Liao H.2014.Simulation of the interannual variations of aerosols in China:role of variations in meteorological parameters[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,14(18):9597-9612
Niu F,Li Z,Li C,et al.2010.Increase of wintertime fog in China:Potential impacts of weakening of the Eastern Asian monsoon circulation and increasing aerosol loading[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,115:D00K20
潘竟虎,张文,李俊峰,等.2014.中国大范围雾霾期间主要城市空气污染物分布特征[J].生态学杂志,33(12):3423-3431
潘月鹏,贾琳,田世丽,等.2014.大气霾污染对农业生产的可能影响[J].农业环境科学学报,33(11):2279-2280
Quan J,Tie X,Zhang Q,et al.2014.Characteristics of heavy aerosol pollution during the 2012—2013 winter in Beijing,China[J].Atmospheric Environment,88:83-89
Quan J,Zhang Q,He H,et al.2011.Analysis of the formation of fog and haze in North China Plain (NCP)[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,11(15):8205-8214
Rigby M,Toumi R.2008.London air pollution climatology:Indirect evidence for urban boundary layer height and wind speed enhancement[J].Atmospheric Environment,42(20):4932-4947
Tao W,Liu J,Banweiss G A,et al.2015.Effects of urban land expansion on the regional meteorology and air quality of Eastern China[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions,15(7):10299-10340
Wang X,Wang K,Su L.2016.Contribution of Atmospheric Diffusion Conditions to the Recent Improvement in Air Quality in China[J].Scientific Reports,6:36404
Wang X,Dickinson E,Su L,et al.2018.PM2.5 pollution in China and how it has been exacerbated by terrain and meteorological conditions[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,99(1):105-119
Wang Y H,Liu Z R,Zhang J K,et al.2015.Aerosol physicochemical properties and implications for visibility during an intense haze episode during winter in Beijing[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,15(6):3205-3215
Wang J X L,Angell J K,1999.Air stagnation climatology for the United States (1948—1998)[OL].NOAA/Air Resources Laboratory ATLAS 1,76 pp.,https://www.arl.noaa.gov/documents/reports/atlas.pdf.
Yu L D,Wang G F,Zhang R J,et al.2013.Characterization and source apportionment of PM2.5 in an urban environment in Beijing [J].Aerosol and Air Quality Research,13(2):574-583
Zhang R,Li Q,Zhang R N.2014.Meteorological conditions for the persistent severe fog and haze event over eastern China in January 2013[J].Science China Earth Sciences,57(1):26-35
Zhang Y L,Cao F.2015.Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in China at a city level[J].Scientific Reports,5:14884
Zhang Y,Wen X Y,Jang C J.2010.Simulating chemistry-aerosol-cloud-radiation-climate feedbacks over the continental U.S.using the online-coupled Weather Research Forecasting Model with chemistry (WRF/Chem)[J].Atmospheric Environment,44(29):3568-3582
Zhang Y,Ding A,Mao H,et al.2016.Impact of synoptic weather patterns and inter-decadal climate variability on air quality in the North China Plain during 1980—2013[J].Atmospheric Environmental,124:119-128
Zhao X J,Zhao P S,Xu J,et al.2013.Analysis of a winter regional haze event and its formation mechanism in the North China Plain[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,13(1):5685-5696
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |