风电机组多重雷击暂态过电压分析
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摘要
为分析多重雷击对风电机组暂态过电压的影响,建立了包括风机叶片、塔筒、控制线缆以及变压器的风电机组的风电场等效模型。考虑控制线缆屏蔽层与塔筒以及线缆芯线之间的电磁感应作用,利用电磁暂态仿真软件ATP/EMTP对风电场模型进行计算,分析不同大小的接地电阻、不同接地方式对风电机组首次以及后续雷击暂态过电压的影响。结果表明,多重雷击在塔筒和屏蔽层产生的后续雷击过电压值随着测量位置的降低而降低,在塔基处小于首次雷击过电压值。接地方式对屏蔽层和线缆的雷击过电压影响较大,独立接地下两者的首次以及后续雷击过电压均小于公共接地的情况。公共接地下屏蔽层、塔筒、芯线的首次以及后续雷击过电压与接地电阻值成正比;独立接地下接地电阻对屏蔽层以及芯线的雷击过电压影响不大,而塔筒雷击过电压则随接地电阻增大而上升,塔基处10Ω的首次雷击过电压值约为1Ω时的3.9倍,后续雷击过电压值约为1Ω时的3.6倍。
In order to evaluate the damage to transient overvoltage of wind turbine under multiple lightning strokes, a typical wind farm model including blades, tower, controlling cable and transformer is established. It considers the control of electromagnetic induction among the insulating layer of cable, tower, and core of cable, then calculates the model of wind farm by ATP/EMTP electro-magnetic transient simulator, finally, it analyzes the phenomenon of first and subsequent lighting stroke transient overvoltage for wind turbine with different sizes of grounding resistance and different modes of grounding. Results show that subsequent lightning overvoltage of the multiple lightning strokes in the tower and shield is reduced with the decrease of the measurement position and less than the first lightning overvoltage at the tower base. The grounding method has a great influence on the lightning overvoltage of the shielding layer and the cable,and the influence of the first and subsequent lightning overvoltage under the two independent underground connections is less than the influence of common grounding. The first and subsequent lightning strike voltages of the shield layer, tower, and core under common ground connection are directly proportional to the grounding resistance; the grounding resistance under independent grounding has little effect on the lightning strike voltage of the shield and the core, and the tower lightning overvoltage rises as the grounding resistance increases, the first stroke voltage of 10 Ω in the tower base is 3.9 times larger than 1 Ω, the subsequent stroke voltage is 3.6 times larger than 1 Ω.
In order to evaluate the damage to transient overvoltage of wind turbine under multiple lightning strokes, a typical wind farm model including blades, tower, controlling cable and transformer is established. It considers the control of electromagnetic induction among the insulating layer of cable, tower, and core of cable, then calculates the model of wind farm by ATP/EMTP electro-magnetic transient simulator, finally, it analyzes the phenomenon of first and subsequent lighting stroke transient overvoltage for wind turbine with different sizes of grounding resistance and different modes of grounding. Results show that subsequent lightning overvoltage of the multiple lightning strokes in the tower and shield is reduced with the decrease of the measurement position and less than the first lightning overvoltage at the tower base. The grounding method has a great influence on the lightning overvoltage of the shielding layer and the cable,and the influence of the first and subsequent lightning overvoltage under the two independent underground connections is less than the influence of common grounding. The first and subsequent lightning strike voltages of the shield layer, tower, and core under common ground connection are directly proportional to the grounding resistance; the grounding resistance under independent grounding has little effect on the lightning strike voltage of the shield and the core, and the tower lightning overvoltage rises as the grounding resistance increases, the first stroke voltage of 10 Ω in the tower base is 3.9 times larger than 1 Ω, the subsequent stroke voltage is 3.6 times larger than 1 Ω.
引文
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[10] 方超颖,李炬添,张曾,等.接地电阻对风机桨叶引雷能力影响模拟试验[J].电网技术,2015,39(6):1709-1713.FANG CH Y,LI J T,ZHANG Z,et al.Experimental study of the influence of the grounding resistance on triggered lightning abilities of wind turbine’s flabellum[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(6):1709-1713.
[11] 江安烽,李锐海,牛萍,等.后续雷击对输电线路绕击耐雷性能的影响研究[J].上海交通大学学报,2015,49(4):411-417.JIANG A F,LI R H,NIU P,et al.Impact of subsequent strokes on lightning shielding failure outage rate of transmission lines[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,2015,49(4):411-417.
[12] MALCOLM N,AGGARWAL R K.The impact of multiple lightning strokes on the energy absorbed by MOV surge arresters in wind farms during direct lightning strikes[J].Renewable Energy,2015(83):1305-1314.
[13] 余占清,曾嵘,王绍安,等.配电线路雷电感应过电压仿真计算分析[J].高电压技术,2013,39(2):415-422.YU ZH Q,ZENG R,WANG SH AN,et al.Simulation calculation and analysis of lightning induced overvoltage on power distribution lines[J].High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(2):415-422.
[14] 张义军,吕伟涛,郑栋,等.负地闪先导回击过程的光学观测和分析[J].高电压技术,2008,34(10):2022-2029.ZHANG Y J,LV W T,ZHENG D,et al.Optical observations and analysis of leader return stroke processes involved in negative cloud-to-ground lightning flashes [J].High Voltage Engineering,2008,34(10):2022-2029.
[15] COORAY V.Lightning Protection[M].London:The Institution of Engineering and Technology,2010:15-18.
[16] IEEE Std 1410TM—2010,IEEE guide for improving the lightning performance of electric power overhead distribution lines[S].Newyork:IEEE Power & Energy Society,2010.
[17] SARAJCEV P,GOIC R.An EMTP model for lightning surge analysis of wind farms[J].International Review on Modelling and Simulations,2010,3(1):70-81.
[18] JIANG J L,CHANG H C,KUO C C.Analysis of transient energy affection for wind farm under lightning[J].Energy,2012,48(1):292-297.
[2] 常俊.基于EMTP_ATP的风电场内直击雷过电压及其防护的研究[D].吉林:东北电力大学,2014.CHANG J.Research on direct-lightning overvoltage and protection of wind farm based on EMTP/ATP[D].Jilin:Northeast Dianli University,2014.
[3] YASUDA Y,UNO N,KOBAYASHI H,et al.Surge analysis on wind farm when winter lightning strikes[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2008,23(1):257-262.
[4] 王晓辉,张小青.考虑参数频变特性的风机塔体雷电暂态计算[J].高电压技术,2009,35(6):1344-1349.WANG X H,ZHANG X Q.Lightning transients of wind turbine towers involving frequency-dependent characteristics[J].High Voltage Engineering,2009,35(6):1344-1349.
[5] 赵海翔,王晓蓉.风电机组的雷击过电压分析[J].电网技术,2004,28(4):27-29.ZHAO H X,WANG X R.Overvoltage analysis of wind turbines due to lightning stroke[J].Power System Technology,2004,28(4):27-29.
[6] JIANG J L,CHANG H C,KUO C C,et al.Transient overvoltage phenomena on the control system of wind turbines due to lightning strike[J].Renewable Energy,2013(57):181-189.
[7] 肖翔,张小青,李聪.风电机组雷电过电压的仿真分析[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(24):237-244.XIAO X,ZHANG X Q,LI C.Simulation analysis on overvoltage in wind turbines by lightning stroke[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(24):237-244.
[8] 李显强,王建国,王宇,等.风电场电缆集电系统雷电暂态数值计算[J].高电压技术,2015,41(5):1566-1573.LI X Q,WANG J G,WANG Y,et al.Lightning transient numerical calculation of cable power collection system in wind power plant[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(5):1566-1573.
[9] 罗日成,李稳,李志前,等.基于分段参数的风力机组建模及雷击暂态过电压分析[J].高电压技术,2015,41(8):2780-2787.LUO R CH,LI W,LI ZH Q,et al.Modeling of wind turbine generator based on piecewise parameter and its lightning transient overvoltage analysis[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(8):2780-2787.
[10] 方超颖,李炬添,张曾,等.接地电阻对风机桨叶引雷能力影响模拟试验[J].电网技术,2015,39(6):1709-1713.FANG CH Y,LI J T,ZHANG Z,et al.Experimental study of the influence of the grounding resistance on triggered lightning abilities of wind turbine’s flabellum[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(6):1709-1713.
[11] 江安烽,李锐海,牛萍,等.后续雷击对输电线路绕击耐雷性能的影响研究[J].上海交通大学学报,2015,49(4):411-417.JIANG A F,LI R H,NIU P,et al.Impact of subsequent strokes on lightning shielding failure outage rate of transmission lines[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,2015,49(4):411-417.
[12] MALCOLM N,AGGARWAL R K.The impact of multiple lightning strokes on the energy absorbed by MOV surge arresters in wind farms during direct lightning strikes[J].Renewable Energy,2015(83):1305-1314.
[13] 余占清,曾嵘,王绍安,等.配电线路雷电感应过电压仿真计算分析[J].高电压技术,2013,39(2):415-422.YU ZH Q,ZENG R,WANG SH AN,et al.Simulation calculation and analysis of lightning induced overvoltage on power distribution lines[J].High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(2):415-422.
[14] 张义军,吕伟涛,郑栋,等.负地闪先导回击过程的光学观测和分析[J].高电压技术,2008,34(10):2022-2029.ZHANG Y J,LV W T,ZHENG D,et al.Optical observations and analysis of leader return stroke processes involved in negative cloud-to-ground lightning flashes [J].High Voltage Engineering,2008,34(10):2022-2029.
[15] COORAY V.Lightning Protection[M].London:The Institution of Engineering and Technology,2010:15-18.
[16] IEEE Std 1410TM—2010,IEEE guide for improving the lightning performance of electric power overhead distribution lines[S].Newyork:IEEE Power & Energy Society,2010.
[17] SARAJCEV P,GOIC R.An EMTP model for lightning surge analysis of wind farms[J].International Review on Modelling and Simulations,2010,3(1):70-81.
[18] JIANG J L,CHANG H C,KUO C C.Analysis of transient energy affection for wind farm under lightning[J].Energy,2012,48(1):292-297.