辽河西部凹陷页岩纹层结构及其储集空间意义
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摘要
几乎所有的富有机质页岩均不同程度地包含了纹层结构,对应反映了不同的沉积相产物、页岩有机质丰度、生烃能力、储集空间及含气性等特点。按照陆相断陷盆地富有机质页岩的沉积特点并依据有机质分布的连续性差异,将辽河西部凹陷黑色页岩结构划分为连续型、断续型和分散型3种纹层结构。借助岩心观察、薄片分析、扫描电镜等手段,结合统计学研究,对辽河西部凹陷黑色页岩纹层结构进行了研究。沙四段黑色页岩主要形成于半咸水的半深湖相,发育了灰云质型弯曲状连续型纹层和黏土型平直状连续型纹层;沙三段黑色页岩主要为深湖—半深湖相长英质断续型纹层和分散状纹层。连续型碳酸盐混合纹层页岩既可以与化学作用有关,也可以与藻类勃发产生的生物化学作用有关,或者是二者的共同作用。富有机质黏土连续型页岩,主要为气候变化所形成的季节性纹层(生物作用)。断续型纹层通常由黏土纹层有韵律组合,粉砂、黏土则是以平流或层间流的方式季节性输入(机械作用)。页岩纹层形态在很大程度上决定了页岩的生烃能力和生烃特点,进而可能影响储集能力。连续型纹层结构(白云质泥岩)碳酸盐含量高,易发生溶蚀作用,有机质丰度高、生烃能力强,有机孔发育,有机孔—微缝储集空间系统造成含油气性好,且碳酸盐含量与含油气性正相关。断续纹层除发育各种无机孔外,还发育有机孔、沿层理裂缝和矿物解理裂缝,从而导致页岩储集空间发育,页岩含气性条件优越。分散型(块状泥岩)储集空间相对不发育,含气性条件较差。
Almost all organic-rich shale contains stratigraphic structures to varying degrees, reflecting different sedimentary facies, shale organic matter abundance, hydrocarbon generation capacity, reservoir space and gas content. The organic matter(OM) can be divided into three types of occurrence state, namely continuous lamellae, discontinuous lamellae and scattered lamellae, based on the sedimentary characteristics of organic-rich shale in lacustrine rift basins and the heterogeneity of the OM distribution. The black shale stratigraphic structure of the Western Depression of Liaohe Basin was studied using core observation, thin section analysis and scanning electron microscopy, and combined with statistical analysis. The organic-rich shale in the fourth member of Shahejie Formation(Sha-4) was mainly deposited in a semi-deep lake under brackish water conditions, developing carbonate-curved continuous laminae and clay-type flat continuous laminae. The Sha-3 shale, deposited in a freshwater deep-semi-deep lake, is dominantly composed of felsic interlaced laminae and dispersed laminae. The continuous carbonate-mixed lamellar shale can be related to chemical interactions, biochemical interactions caused by algae, or a combination of these two. The organic-rich clay shale is mainly composed of seasonal lamellae formed by climate change. The discontinuous striated layers usually consist of clay lamellae, and silt and clay are seasonally input in the form of advection or inter-layer flow. The shale lamellar morphology largely determines hydrocarbon generation capacity and characteristics, and further may influence reservoir capacity. The continuous lamellae are generally characterized by
Almost all organic-rich shale contains stratigraphic structures to varying degrees, reflecting different sedimentary facies, shale organic matter abundance, hydrocarbon generation capacity, reservoir space and gas content. The organic matter(OM) can be divided into three types of occurrence state, namely continuous lamellae, discontinuous lamellae and scattered lamellae, based on the sedimentary characteristics of organic-rich shale in lacustrine rift basins and the heterogeneity of the OM distribution. The black shale stratigraphic structure of the Western Depression of Liaohe Basin was studied using core observation, thin section analysis and scanning electron microscopy, and combined with statistical analysis. The organic-rich shale in the fourth member of Shahejie Formation(Sha-4) was mainly deposited in a semi-deep lake under brackish water conditions, developing carbonate-curved continuous laminae and clay-type flat continuous laminae. The Sha-3 shale, deposited in a freshwater deep-semi-deep lake, is dominantly composed of felsic interlaced laminae and dispersed laminae. The continuous carbonate-mixed lamellar shale can be related to chemical interactions, biochemical interactions caused by algae, or a combination of these two. The organic-rich clay shale is mainly composed of seasonal lamellae formed by climate change. The discontinuous striated layers usually consist of clay lamellae, and silt and clay are seasonally input in the form of advection or inter-layer flow. The shale lamellar morphology largely determines hydrocarbon generation capacity and characteristics, and further may influence reservoir capacity. The continuous lamellae are generally characterized by
引文
[1] 康玉柱.中国非常规泥页岩油气藏特征及勘探前景展望[J].天然气工业,2012,32(4):1-5. KANG Yuzhu.Characteristics and exploration prospect of unconventional shale gas reservoirs in China[J].Natural Gas Industry,2012,32(4):1-5.
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[6] 张金川,林腊梅,李玉喜,等. 页岩气资源评价方法与技术:概率体积法[J].地学前缘,2012,19(2):184-191. ZHANG Jinchuan,LIN Lamei,LI Yuxi,et al. Method and techno-logy for shale gas resource evaluation: probability Volume Method[J]. Earth Science Front,2012,19(2):184-191.
[7] 张金川,林腊梅,李玉喜,等.页岩油分类与评价[J].地学前缘,2012,19(5):322-331. ZHANG Jinchuan,LIN Lamei,LI Yuxi,et al.Classification and evaluation of shale oil[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2012,19(5):322-331.
[8] 郭少斌,黄磊.页岩气储层含气性影响因素及储层评价:以上扬子古生界页岩气储层为例[J].石油实验地质,2013,35(6):601-606. GUO Shaobin,HUANG Lei.Gas-bearing influential factors and evaluation of shale gas reservoir:a case study of Paleozoic shale gas reservoir in Upper Yangtze region[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2013,35(6):601-606.
[9] 周庆凡,杨国丰.致密油与页岩油的概念与应用[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(4):541-544. ZHOU Qingfan,YANG Guofeng.Definition and application of tight oil and shale oil terms[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2012,33(4):541-544.
[10] 罗承先.页岩油开发可能改变世界石油形势[J].中外能源,2011,16(12):22-26. LUO Chengxian.Shale oil development may change the landscape in the world’s oil market[J].Sino-Global Energy,2011,16(12):22-26.
[11] 王慧中,梅洪明.东营凹陷沙三下亚段油页岩中古湖泊学信息[J].同济大学学报,1998,26(3):315-319. WANG Huizhong,MEI Hongming.Paleolimnological information from the oil shale in the lower part of Sha 3 formation,in Dong-ying Depression[J].Journal of Tongji University,1998,26(3):315-319.
[12] 邓宏文,钱凯.深湖相泥岩的成因类型和组合演化[J].沉积学报,1990,8(3):1-21. DENG Hongwen,QIAN Kai.The genetic types and association evolution of deep lacustrine facies mudstones[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1990,8(3):1-21.
[13] 刘国恒,黄志龙,姜振学,等.鄂尔多斯盆地延长组湖相页岩纹层发育特征及储集意义[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(3):408-417. LIU Guoheng,HUANG Zhilong,JIANG Zhenxue,et al.The characteristic and reservoir significance of lamina in shale from Yanchang Formation of Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(3):408-417.
[14] 柳波,吕延防,孟元林,等.湖相纹层状细粒岩特征、成因模式及其页岩油意义:以三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷二叠系芦草沟组为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(5):598-607. LIU Bo,Lü Yanfang,MENG Yuanlin,et al.Petrologic characteristics and genetic model of lacustrine lamellar fine-grained rock and its significance for shale oil exploration:a case study of Permian Lucaogou Formation in Malang Sag,Santanghu Basin,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(5):598-607.
[15] 钱门辉,蒋启贵,黎茂稳,等.湖相页岩不同赋存状态的可溶有机质定量表征[J].石油实验地质,2017,39(2):278-286. QIAN Menhui,JIANG Qigui,LI Maowen,et al.Quantitative characterization of extractable organic matter in lacustrine shale with different occurrences[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2017,39(2):278-286.
[16] HICKEY J J,HENK B.Lithofacies summary of the Mississippian Barnett shale,Mitchell 2 T.P.Sims well,Wise County,Texas[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(4):437-443.
[17] LOUCKS R G,RUPPEL S C.Mississippian Barnett shale:lithofacies and depositional setting of a deep-water shale-gas succession in the Fort Worth Basin,Texas[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(4):579-601.
[18] 孙洪斌,张凤莲.辽河坳陷古近系构造—沉积演化特征[J].岩性油气藏,2008,20(2):60-65. SUN Hongbin,ZHANG Fenglian.Structural-sedimentary evolution characteristics of Paleogene in Liaohe Depression[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2008,20(2):60-65.
[19] 刘春莲,杨建林,R?HL H J,等.影响湖相沉积岩中有机碳分布的主要因素:以三水盆地为例[J].沉积学报,2001,19(1):113-116. LIU Chunlian,YANG Jianlin,R?HL H J,et al.Factors influencing organic carbon distribution in lacustrine sediments[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2001,19(1):113-116.
[20] 王冠民,钟建华.湖泊纹层的沉积机理研究评述与展望[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2004,23(1):43-48. WANG Guanmin,ZHONG Jianhua.A review and the prospects of the researches on sedimentary mechanism of lacustrine laminae[J].Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica,2004,23(1):43-48.
[21] 赵会民.辽河西部凹陷雷家地区古近系沙四段混合沉积特征研究[J].沉积学报,2012,30(2):283-290. ZHAO Huimin.Characteristics of mixed sedimentation in the Member 4 of Shahejie formation of Paleogene at Leijia area of Western Sag of Liaohe Oilfield[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2012,30(2):283-290.
[22] 毛俊莉,荆铁亚,韩霞,等.辽河西部凹陷优质页岩层段岩石学类型及其有机地球化学特征[J].地学前缘,2016,23(1):185-194. MAO Junli,JING Tieya,HAN Xia,et al.Petrology types and organic geochemical characteristics of shale in the Western Depression,Liaohe[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2016,23(1):185-194.
[23] 朱芳冰.辽河盆地西部凹陷源岩热演化及生烃史研究[J].地质科技情报,2000,19(3):53-56. ZHU Fangbing.Research of organic maturation and petroleum generation in the Western Depression,Liaohe Basin[J].Geolo-gical Science and Technology Information,2000,19(3):53-56.
[24] 朱芳冰.辽河盆地西部凹陷源岩特征及低熟油分布规律研究[J].地球科学(中国地质大学学报),2002,27(1):25-29. ZHU Fangbing.Research on characteristic of source rock and immature oils distribution in Western Depression,Liaohe Basin[J].Earth Science(Journal of China University of Geosciences),2002,27(1):25-29.
[25] 梁明亮,王作栋,郑建京,等.辽河断陷烃源岩有机地球化学特征[J].岩性油气藏,2014,26(4):110-116. LIANG Mingliang,WANG Zuodong,ZHENG Jianjing,et al.Organic geochemistry characteristics of source rocks in Liaohe Depression[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2014,26(4):110-116. (编辑
[2] 张金川,金之钧,袁明生.页岩气成藏机理和分布[J].天然气工业,2004,24(7):15-18. ZHANG Jinchuan,JIN Zhijun,YUAN Mingsheng.Reservoiring mechanism of shale gas and its distribution[J].Natural Gas Industry,2004,24(7):15-18.
[3] 张金川,薛会,张德明,等.页岩气及其成藏机理[J].现代地质,2003,17(4):466. ZHANG Jinchuan,XUE Hui,ZHANG Deming,et al.Shale gas and its accumulation mechanism[J].Geoscience,2003,17(4):466.
[4] 李建忠,董大忠,陈更生,等.中国页岩气资源前景与战略地位[J].天然气工业,2009,29(5):11-16. LI Jianzhong,DONG Dazhong,CHEN Gengsheng,et al.Prospects and strategic position of shale gas resources in China[J].Natural Gas Industry,2009,29(5):11-16.
[5] 邹才能,董大忠,王社教,等.中国页岩气形成机理、地质特征及资源潜力[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(6):641-653. ZOU Caineng,DONG Dazhong,WANG Shejiao,et al.Geological characteristics,formation mechanism,and resource potential of shale gas in China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2010,37(6):641-653.
[6] 张金川,林腊梅,李玉喜,等. 页岩气资源评价方法与技术:概率体积法[J].地学前缘,2012,19(2):184-191. ZHANG Jinchuan,LIN Lamei,LI Yuxi,et al. Method and techno-logy for shale gas resource evaluation: probability Volume Method[J]. Earth Science Front,2012,19(2):184-191.
[7] 张金川,林腊梅,李玉喜,等.页岩油分类与评价[J].地学前缘,2012,19(5):322-331. ZHANG Jinchuan,LIN Lamei,LI Yuxi,et al.Classification and evaluation of shale oil[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2012,19(5):322-331.
[8] 郭少斌,黄磊.页岩气储层含气性影响因素及储层评价:以上扬子古生界页岩气储层为例[J].石油实验地质,2013,35(6):601-606. GUO Shaobin,HUANG Lei.Gas-bearing influential factors and evaluation of shale gas reservoir:a case study of Paleozoic shale gas reservoir in Upper Yangtze region[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2013,35(6):601-606.
[9] 周庆凡,杨国丰.致密油与页岩油的概念与应用[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(4):541-544. ZHOU Qingfan,YANG Guofeng.Definition and application of tight oil and shale oil terms[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2012,33(4):541-544.
[10] 罗承先.页岩油开发可能改变世界石油形势[J].中外能源,2011,16(12):22-26. LUO Chengxian.Shale oil development may change the landscape in the world’s oil market[J].Sino-Global Energy,2011,16(12):22-26.
[11] 王慧中,梅洪明.东营凹陷沙三下亚段油页岩中古湖泊学信息[J].同济大学学报,1998,26(3):315-319. WANG Huizhong,MEI Hongming.Paleolimnological information from the oil shale in the lower part of Sha 3 formation,in Dong-ying Depression[J].Journal of Tongji University,1998,26(3):315-319.
[12] 邓宏文,钱凯.深湖相泥岩的成因类型和组合演化[J].沉积学报,1990,8(3):1-21. DENG Hongwen,QIAN Kai.The genetic types and association evolution of deep lacustrine facies mudstones[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1990,8(3):1-21.
[13] 刘国恒,黄志龙,姜振学,等.鄂尔多斯盆地延长组湖相页岩纹层发育特征及储集意义[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(3):408-417. LIU Guoheng,HUANG Zhilong,JIANG Zhenxue,et al.The characteristic and reservoir significance of lamina in shale from Yanchang Formation of Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(3):408-417.
[14] 柳波,吕延防,孟元林,等.湖相纹层状细粒岩特征、成因模式及其页岩油意义:以三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷二叠系芦草沟组为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(5):598-607. LIU Bo,Lü Yanfang,MENG Yuanlin,et al.Petrologic characteristics and genetic model of lacustrine lamellar fine-grained rock and its significance for shale oil exploration:a case study of Permian Lucaogou Formation in Malang Sag,Santanghu Basin,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(5):598-607.
[15] 钱门辉,蒋启贵,黎茂稳,等.湖相页岩不同赋存状态的可溶有机质定量表征[J].石油实验地质,2017,39(2):278-286. QIAN Menhui,JIANG Qigui,LI Maowen,et al.Quantitative characterization of extractable organic matter in lacustrine shale with different occurrences[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2017,39(2):278-286.
[16] HICKEY J J,HENK B.Lithofacies summary of the Mississippian Barnett shale,Mitchell 2 T.P.Sims well,Wise County,Texas[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(4):437-443.
[17] LOUCKS R G,RUPPEL S C.Mississippian Barnett shale:lithofacies and depositional setting of a deep-water shale-gas succession in the Fort Worth Basin,Texas[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(4):579-601.
[18] 孙洪斌,张凤莲.辽河坳陷古近系构造—沉积演化特征[J].岩性油气藏,2008,20(2):60-65. SUN Hongbin,ZHANG Fenglian.Structural-sedimentary evolution characteristics of Paleogene in Liaohe Depression[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2008,20(2):60-65.
[19] 刘春莲,杨建林,R?HL H J,等.影响湖相沉积岩中有机碳分布的主要因素:以三水盆地为例[J].沉积学报,2001,19(1):113-116. LIU Chunlian,YANG Jianlin,R?HL H J,et al.Factors influencing organic carbon distribution in lacustrine sediments[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2001,19(1):113-116.
[20] 王冠民,钟建华.湖泊纹层的沉积机理研究评述与展望[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2004,23(1):43-48. WANG Guanmin,ZHONG Jianhua.A review and the prospects of the researches on sedimentary mechanism of lacustrine laminae[J].Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica,2004,23(1):43-48.
[21] 赵会民.辽河西部凹陷雷家地区古近系沙四段混合沉积特征研究[J].沉积学报,2012,30(2):283-290. ZHAO Huimin.Characteristics of mixed sedimentation in the Member 4 of Shahejie formation of Paleogene at Leijia area of Western Sag of Liaohe Oilfield[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2012,30(2):283-290.
[22] 毛俊莉,荆铁亚,韩霞,等.辽河西部凹陷优质页岩层段岩石学类型及其有机地球化学特征[J].地学前缘,2016,23(1):185-194. MAO Junli,JING Tieya,HAN Xia,et al.Petrology types and organic geochemical characteristics of shale in the Western Depression,Liaohe[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2016,23(1):185-194.
[23] 朱芳冰.辽河盆地西部凹陷源岩热演化及生烃史研究[J].地质科技情报,2000,19(3):53-56. ZHU Fangbing.Research of organic maturation and petroleum generation in the Western Depression,Liaohe Basin[J].Geolo-gical Science and Technology Information,2000,19(3):53-56.
[24] 朱芳冰.辽河盆地西部凹陷源岩特征及低熟油分布规律研究[J].地球科学(中国地质大学学报),2002,27(1):25-29. ZHU Fangbing.Research on characteristic of source rock and immature oils distribution in Western Depression,Liaohe Basin[J].Earth Science(Journal of China University of Geosciences),2002,27(1):25-29.
[25] 梁明亮,王作栋,郑建京,等.辽河断陷烃源岩有机地球化学特征[J].岩性油气藏,2014,26(4):110-116. LIANG Mingliang,WANG Zuodong,ZHENG Jianjing,et al.Organic geochemistry characteristics of source rocks in Liaohe Depression[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2014,26(4):110-116. (编辑
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