新疆油田工人职业紧张对高血压的影响
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摘要
目的探究新疆沙漠油田工人职业紧张对高血压的影响。方法 2016年3—7月采用整群抽样随机抽取新疆克拉玛依市3个油田公司共计1280人作为本次调查对象,采用职业紧张量表(OSI-R)对职业紧张进行评价,分析职业紧张对高血压的影响。结果随着职业紧张程度的增加,高血压的患病率有增加的趋势(χ~2=21.078,P<0.001);多因素分析显示职业任务较重组发生高血压的风险是职业任务较轻组的1.562倍(95%CI 1.072～2.277),个体紧张反应较强组发生高血压的风险是个体紧张反应较弱组的1.701倍(95%CI 1.158～2.498,P<0.05);高血压的影响因素分析,有倒班者发生高血压的危险是无倒班者的1.389倍(95%CI 1.115～1.730),经常饮酒者发生高血压的危险是不饮酒者的1.877倍(95%CI 1.300～2.710),高盐者发生高血压的危险是低盐者的1.286倍(95%CI 1.107～1.691),肥胖者发生高血压的危险是正常者的1.564倍(95%CI 1.249～2.216),高度职业紧张者发生高血压的危险是低度职业紧张者的1.976倍(95%CI 1.641～2.336)。结论职业任务较重、个体紧张反应较强可以增加新疆沙漠油田工人高血压的发生风险;倒班、饮酒史、食盐摄入量、体质指数、职业紧张程度是沙漠油田工人高血压患病的影响因素。
OBJECTIVE To explore influence of occupational stress on hypertension in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region desert oilfield workers. METHODSCluster sampling was applied. A total of 1280 petroleum workers from 3 oil fields were used in Karamay City, Xinjiang. Occupational Stress Scale(OSI-R) was used to evaluate occupational stress and analyze the impact of occupational stress on hypertension. RESULTS With the increase of occupational stress, the prevalence rate of hypertension is increasing(χ~2=21.078,P<0.001).Multivariate analysis showed that the risk of high blood pressure in the occupational task was 1.562 times(95%CI 1.072-2.277)as high as that of the less occupational group, and the risk of high blood pressure in the group with strong individual tension reaction was 1.701 times(95%CI 1.158-2.498)as much as that of the weak group(P<0.05). Analysis of influencing factors of hypertension showed that the risk of high blood pressure in the shift was 1.389 times(95%CI 1.115-1.730)as high as those without the shift, in the frequent drinkers was 1.877 times(95%CI 1.300-2.710)that of the non drinkers, in the high salt patients was 1.286 times(95%CI 1.107-1.691)that of the low salt, in the obese was 1.564 times(95%CI 1.249-2.216)that of the normal people, and in the highly occupational stress was 1.976 times(95%CI 1.641-2.336)as high as the low occupational stress. CONCLUSION Heavy occupational tasks and strong individual strain can increase the risk of hypertension in desert oilfield workers. Shift, drinking history, salt consumption,BMI and occupational stress were the influencing factors of hypertension in desert oilfield workers.
OBJECTIVE To explore influence of occupational stress on hypertension in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region desert oilfield workers. METHODSCluster sampling was applied. A total of 1280 petroleum workers from 3 oil fields were used in Karamay City, Xinjiang. Occupational Stress Scale(OSI-R) was used to evaluate occupational stress and analyze the impact of occupational stress on hypertension. RESULTS With the increase of occupational stress, the prevalence rate of hypertension is increasing(χ~2=21.078,P<0.001).Multivariate analysis showed that the risk of high blood pressure in the occupational task was 1.562 times(95%CI 1.072-2.277)as high as that of the less occupational group, and the risk of high blood pressure in the group with strong individual tension reaction was 1.701 times(95%CI 1.158-2.498)as much as that of the weak group(P<0.05). Analysis of influencing factors of hypertension showed that the risk of high blood pressure in the shift was 1.389 times(95%CI 1.115-1.730)as high as those without the shift, in the frequent drinkers was 1.877 times(95%CI 1.300-2.710)that of the non drinkers, in the high salt patients was 1.286 times(95%CI 1.107-1.691)that of the low salt, in the obese was 1.564 times(95%CI 1.249-2.216)that of the normal people, and in the highly occupational stress was 1.976 times(95%CI 1.641-2.336)as high as the low occupational stress. CONCLUSION Heavy occupational tasks and strong individual strain can increase the risk of hypertension in desert oilfield workers. Shift, drinking history, salt consumption,BMI and occupational stress were the influencing factors of hypertension in desert oilfield workers.
引文
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[11] 梁志静, 苏联珍, 董春玲. 工作压力和生活紧张度对高校教师血压的影响及社会伦理对策[J]. 中国医学伦理学, 2011, 24(4):462-464.
[12] 林晓蕾, 田赋颖, 马啸等. 社会支持和职业紧张与高血压的关系研究[J]. 中国预防医学杂志, 2011, 12(7):602-605.
[13] MCGRADY A. The effects of biofeedback in diabetes and essential hypertension[J]. Cleve Clin J Med, 2010, 77(3):68-71.
[14] YARLIOGLUES M, KAYA M G, ARDIC I, et al. Acute effects of passive smoking on blood pressure and heart rate in healthy females[J]. Blood Press Monit, 2010,15(5):251-256.
[15] ZHENG W, MCLERNAN D F, ROLLAND B, et al. Association between body-mass index and risk of death in more than 1million Asians[J]. N Engl J Med, 2011,364(8):719-729.
[16] BABAYEV R, WHALEY-CONNELL A, K SHIRSAGAR A, et al. Association of race and body mass index with ESRD and mortality in CKD stages 3-4:results from the Kidney Early Evaluation Program(KEEP)[J]. Am J Kidney Dis, 2013, 61(3):404-412.
[17] KOLIAKI C, KATSILAMBROS N. Dietary sodium, potassium, and alcohol:key players in the pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment of human hypertension[J]. Nutr Rev, 2013, 71(6):402-411.
[18] 梅仁彪,郑芙林. 应激和高盐饮食致高血压发病的机制[J].中国基层医药, 2004, 11(7):886-887.
[19] KAUR H, LUCKHAUPT SE, LI J, et al. Workplace psychosocial factors associated with hypertension in the U. S. workforce:a cross-sectional study based on the 2010 national health interview survey[J]. Am J Ind Med, 2014, 57(9):1011-1021.
[2] LIN S, CHENG T O, LIU X, et al. Impact of dysglycemia,body mass index,and waist-to-hip ratio on the prevalence of systemic hypertension in a lean Chinese population[J]. Am J Cardiol, 2006, 97:839-842.
[3] CUFFEE Y, OGEDEGBE C, WILLIAMS N J, et al. Psychosocial risk factors for hypertension:an update of the literature[J]. Curr Hypertens Rep, 2014, 16(10):483.
[4] FAN L B, BLUMENTHAL J A, HINDERLITER A L, et al. The effect of job strain on nighttime blood pressure dipping among men and women with high blood pressure[J]. Scand J Work Environ Health, 2013, 39(1):112-119.
[5] GUIMONT C, BRISSON C, DAGENAIS G R, et al. Effects of job strain on blood pressure: a prospective study of male and female white collar workers[J]. Am J Public Health, 2006, 96(8):1436-1443.
[6] HOLMéR I. Evaluation of cold workplaces:an overview of standards for assessment of cold stress[J]. Ind Health, 2009, 47(3):228-234.
[7] ROTHWELL P M, HOWARD S C, DOLAN E, et al. Prognostic significance of visit-to-visit variability maximum systolic blood pressure and episodic hypertension[J]. Lancet, 2010, 375(9718):895-905.
[8] 中华人民共和国卫生部疾病控制司.中国成年人超重和肥胖症预防控制指南[R].北京:中华人民共和国卫生部疾病控制司,2003.
[9] 中国高血压防治指南修订委员会.中国高血压防治指南2010[J]. 中华高血压杂志, 2011, 19(8): 701-742.
[10] 宁丽, 丁昊, 刘继文. 新疆干旱沙漠特殊环境石油工人职业紧张与社会支持调查[J].环境与职业医学, 2015,4:324-327.
[11] 梁志静, 苏联珍, 董春玲. 工作压力和生活紧张度对高校教师血压的影响及社会伦理对策[J]. 中国医学伦理学, 2011, 24(4):462-464.
[12] 林晓蕾, 田赋颖, 马啸等. 社会支持和职业紧张与高血压的关系研究[J]. 中国预防医学杂志, 2011, 12(7):602-605.
[13] MCGRADY A. The effects of biofeedback in diabetes and essential hypertension[J]. Cleve Clin J Med, 2010, 77(3):68-71.
[14] YARLIOGLUES M, KAYA M G, ARDIC I, et al. Acute effects of passive smoking on blood pressure and heart rate in healthy females[J]. Blood Press Monit, 2010,15(5):251-256.
[15] ZHENG W, MCLERNAN D F, ROLLAND B, et al. Association between body-mass index and risk of death in more than 1million Asians[J]. N Engl J Med, 2011,364(8):719-729.
[16] BABAYEV R, WHALEY-CONNELL A, K SHIRSAGAR A, et al. Association of race and body mass index with ESRD and mortality in CKD stages 3-4:results from the Kidney Early Evaluation Program(KEEP)[J]. Am J Kidney Dis, 2013, 61(3):404-412.
[17] KOLIAKI C, KATSILAMBROS N. Dietary sodium, potassium, and alcohol:key players in the pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment of human hypertension[J]. Nutr Rev, 2013, 71(6):402-411.
[18] 梅仁彪,郑芙林. 应激和高盐饮食致高血压发病的机制[J].中国基层医药, 2004, 11(7):886-887.
[19] KAUR H, LUCKHAUPT SE, LI J, et al. Workplace psychosocial factors associated with hypertension in the U. S. workforce:a cross-sectional study based on the 2010 national health interview survey[J]. Am J Ind Med, 2014, 57(9):1011-1021.