硅肥与基本苗配置对水稻生长发育、产量及品质的影响
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摘要
以优质水稻品种盐丰47为供试材料进行田间试验,采用小区对比方法,设施肥量(7个)和移栽基本苗两因素,共14个处理,研究了硅钙肥和液态硅两种硅肥与基本苗配置对水稻生长发育、产量及品质的影响。结果表明,施用两种硅肥都能使水稻分蘖数增加,提高成穗率,增加产量,增强抗倒伏及抗病能力,改善稻米品质,使稻米的垩白度、垩白粒率降低的同时,提高稻米的糙米率、精米率、整精率。其中在基本苗64.5×10~4株/hm~2中,C5-1喷施处理(基本苗64.5万株/hm~2条件下,拔节期、抽穗期各喷施450 mL/hm~2)产量最高,为10 893.0 kg/hm~2。
The field experiments were conducted with Yanfeng 47,a high-quality rice variety,as the test material. The effects of silicon-calcium fertilizer and liquid silicon fertilizer on rice growth,yield and quality were studied by comparing plots,facility fertilizer(7) and transplanting basic seedlings with 14 treatments. The results showed that both silicon fertilizers could increase tiller number,panicle yield,yield,lodging resistance and disease resistance,improve rice quality,reduce chalkiness and chalky grain rate,and improve brown rice rate,milled rice rate and finishing rate. Among the 64.5×104 seedlings per hectare of the basic seedlings,the highest yield of C5-1 was 10 893.0 kg/hm~2.
The field experiments were conducted with Yanfeng 47,a high-quality rice variety,as the test material. The effects of silicon-calcium fertilizer and liquid silicon fertilizer on rice growth,yield and quality were studied by comparing plots,facility fertilizer(7) and transplanting basic seedlings with 14 treatments. The results showed that both silicon fertilizers could increase tiller number,panicle yield,yield,lodging resistance and disease resistance,improve rice quality,reduce chalkiness and chalky grain rate,and improve brown rice rate,milled rice rate and finishing rate. Among the 64.5×104 seedlings per hectare of the basic seedlings,the highest yield of C5-1 was 10 893.0 kg/hm~2.
引文
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[3]高玉凤,焦峰,沈巧梅.水稻硅营养与硅肥应用效果研究[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(16):156-160.
[4]商全玉,张文忠,韩亚东,等.硅肥对北方粳稻产量和品质的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2009,23(6):661-664.
[5]杨良金,唐宗伟,黄胜海,等.水稻施用硅的增产效果[J].土壤,2001,(3):166-167.
[6]丁颖.中国水稻栽培学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1961.10-35.
[7]蒋彭炎,冯来定.水稻稀少平栽培法理论与技术[M].杭州:浙江科技出版社,1989.1-15.
[8]凌启鸿.中国特色水稻栽培理论和技术体系的形成与发展-纪念陈永康诞辰一百周年[J].江苏农业学报,2008,24(2):101-113.
[9]濑古秀生.水稻の倒伏に関する研究[J].九州農業試験場彙報,1962,(7):419-495.
[10]Seko H.Studies on lodging in rice plants[J].Journal of Kyushu Agricultural Experiment Station,1962,(7):419-495.
[11]马均,马文波,田彦华,等.重穗型水稻植株抗倒伏能力的研究[J].作物学报,2004,30(2):143-148.
[12]王文祥.硅肥对稻田病虫害及水稻产量影响的试验[J].农家致富顾问,2017,(14):100.
[13]王浩,杨宜生,荀贤玉,等.硅肥不同施用方式对水稻增产效果比较试验研究[J].上海农业科技,2017,(4):111-113.
[14]翁颖,张维玲,陈国海,等.硅肥对水稻产量及养分吸收的影响[J].浙江农业科学,2017,58(8):1312-1314.
[15]王庆锋,李海军,赵伟.水稻应用硅肥对稻米品质影响的试验总结[J].现代化农业,2017,(1):47.
[16]鄢继伟,齐晓磊,黄琦.水稻施用硅肥的效果研究进展[J].农技服务,2016,33(5):98-99.
[17]李小为,任学坤,殷微微,等.白浆土型水稻土施硅肥对水稻产量及品质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2008,(6):67-69.
[18]陈刚,罗志祥,施伏芝,等.一种新型硅肥在两系杂交水稻上的增产效果研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2016,(2):109-113.