近岸海域赤潮发生机制及其控制途径研究进展
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摘要
近岸海域赤潮灾害是目前我国海洋环境的主要问题之一。本文总结了国内、国际上对近岸海域赤潮发生机制研究的主要理论与研究方法,探讨了近岸赤潮发生的控制原理与技术手段。同时提出,在加强近岸水体赤潮发生机理研究的基础上,要将流域、河口与近岸海域系统作为一个整体进行研究。并且,考虑近岸海域水环境的复杂性以及生态系统演进的不确定性,不仅要加强近岸海域生态治理修复,还需注意加强近岸水体水质的监控,预防赤潮的暴发。
Harmful algal blooms( HABs) are one of the major marine pollution concerns in China. In this study,we summarized the current theories on the mechanism of HABs. Mitigation measures are also discussed accordingly. We suggest that more studies should be carried out on the mechanisms of the HABs and focused on the conceptual model of combined catchment,estuaries and coastal areas.In addition,considering the complex situation in coastal regions and uncertainty in ecosystem evolvement,except for ecological restoration,monitoring remains necessary as eutrophication management strategy.
Harmful algal blooms( HABs) are one of the major marine pollution concerns in China. In this study,we summarized the current theories on the mechanism of HABs. Mitigation measures are also discussed accordingly. We suggest that more studies should be carried out on the mechanisms of the HABs and focused on the conceptual model of combined catchment,estuaries and coastal areas.In addition,considering the complex situation in coastal regions and uncertainty in ecosystem evolvement,except for ecological restoration,monitoring remains necessary as eutrophication management strategy.
引文
[1]BIERMAN P,LEWIS M,OSTENDORF B,et al.A review of methods foranalysing spatial and temporal patterns in coastal water quality[J].Ecological Indicators,2011,11(1):103-114.
[2]CLOERN J E. Our evolving conceptual model of the coastal eutrophication problem[J]. Marine Ecology Progress Series,2001,210:223-253.
[3] HUGHES B B,HASKINS J C,WASSON K,et al. Identifying factors that influence expression of eutrophication in a central California estuary[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,2011,439:31-43.
[4]SMITH V H.Eutrophication of freshwater and coastal marine ecosystems-A global problem[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2003,10(2):126-139.
[5]FERREIRA J G,ANDERSEN J H,BORJA A,et al.Overview of eutrophication indicators to assess environmental status within the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive[J]. Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2011,93(2):117-131.
[6]宋洪军.缅因湾及邻近海域浮游植物水华年际变化及其生态效应研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2010.
[7] REID P C,LANCELOT C,GIESKES W,et al.Phytoplankton of the North Sea and its dynamics:a review[J].Netherlands Journal of Sea Research,1990,26(2/3/4):295-331.
[8]李天深,蓝文陆,卢印思,等.近岸海域自动监测浮标在赤潮预警中的应用及其缺陷[J].海洋预报,2015,32(1):70-78.
[9]庄宏儒.水质自动监测系统在厦门同安湾赤潮短期预报中的应用[J].海洋环境科学,2006,25(2):58-61.
[10]赵聪蛟,孔梅,孙笑笑,等.浙江省海洋水质浮标在线监测系统构建及应用[J].海洋环境科学,2016,35(2):288-294.
[11]PLATT T,SATHYENDRANATH S.Ecological indicators for the pelagic zone of the ocean from remote sensing[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment,2008,112(8):3426-3436.
[12]张学庆.近岸海域环境数学模型研究及其在胶州湾的应用[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2006.
[13]韩菲,陈永灿,刘昭伟.湖泊及水库富营养化模型研究综述[J].水科学进展,2003,14(6):785-791.
[14]MARSHALL S M,ORR A P.The photosynthesis of diatom cultures in the sea[J].Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom,1928,15(1):321-360.
[15]SVERDRUP H U.On conditions for the vernal blooming of phytoplankton[J].ICES Journal of Marine Science,1953,18(3):287-295.
[16] RILEY G A,STOMMEL H M,BUMPUS D F. Quantitative ecology of the plankton of the western North Atlantic[M]. New Haven:Bingham Oceanographic Laboratory,1949.
[17]任湘湘,李海,吴辉碇.海洋生态系统动力学模型研究进展[J].海洋预报.2012(01):65-72.
[18]王洪礼,许佳,郭龙,等.海洋赤潮藻类的生态动力学稳定性研究[J].动力学与控制学报.2005(02):42-45.
[19]WONG K T M,LEE J H W,HODGKISS I J.A simple model for forecast of coastal algal blooms[J]. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science,2007,74(1/2):175-196.
[20]袁德奎,姚鹏辉,徐晓甫,等.基于贝叶斯网络的渤海湾水体富营养化模型[J].天津大学学报:自然科学与工程技术版,2016,49(3):320-325.
[21]ZOUITEN H,DAZ C,GMEZ A G,et al.An advanced tool for eutrophication modeling in coastal lagoons:Application to the Victoria lagoon in the north of Spain[J]. Ecological Modelling,2013,265:99-113.
[22] VOLLENWEIDER R A. Advances in defining critical loading levels for phosphorus in lake eutrophication[J]. Memorie dell'Istituto Italiano di Idrobiologia.1976,33:53-83.
[23]NIXON S W. Coastal marine eutrophication:a definition,social causes,and future concerns[J].Ophelia.1995,41(1):199-219.
[24]BOYNTON W R,Murray L,Hagy J D,et al.A comparative analysis of eutrophication patterns in a temperate coastal lagoon[J].Estuaries.1996,19(2):408-421.
[25] CARACO N,Cole J,Likens G E.A comparison of phosphorus immobilization in sediments of freshwater and coastal marine systems[J].Biogeochemistry.1990,9(3):277-290.
[26]HOWARTH R W,Chan F,Marino R.Do top-down and bottomup controls interact to exclude nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria from the plankton of estuaries? An exploration with a simulation model[J].Biogeochemistry.1999,46(1-3):203-231.
[27]董燕红,蔡建东,钱宏林.珠江口海域营养盐比及与浮游植物的关系[J].海洋通报,2009,28(1):3-10.
[28] HICKEL W.Temporal variability of micro-and nanoplankton in the German Bight in relation to hydrographic structure and nutrient changes[J].ICES Journal of Marine Science,1998,55(4):600-609.
[29] Edwards M,Johns D G,Leterme S C,et al. Regional climate change and harmful algal blooms in the northeast Atlantic[J].Limnology and Oceanography,2006,51(2):820-829.
[30]王保栋.河口和沿岸海域的富营养化评价模型[J].海洋科学进展,2005,23(1):82-86.
[31]胡序朋,邵君波,唐静亮,等.近岸海域富营养化评价方法的研究进展和比较[J].中国环境监测,2016,32(1):35-43.
[32] RADIARTA I N,SAITOH S.Satellite-derived measurements of spatial and temporal chlorophyll-a variability in Funka Bay,southwestern Hokkaido,Japan[J]. Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2008,79(3):400-408.
[33]FU Y Z,XU S G,LIU J W.Temporal-spatial variations and developing trends of Chlorophyll-a in the Bohai Sea,China[J].Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science,2016,173:49-56.
[34]PAERL H W,HALL N S,PEIERLS B L,et al.Evolving paradigms and challenges in estuarine and coastal eutrophication dynamics in a culturally and climatically stressed world[J]. Estuaries and Coasts,2014,37(2):243-258.
[35]夏星辉,吴琼,牟新利.全球气候变化对地表水环境质量影响研究进展[J].水科学进展,2012,23(1):124-133.
[36]杨磊,林逢凯,胥峥,等.底泥修复中温度对微生物活性和污染物释放的影响[J].环境污染与防治,2007,29(1):22-25.
[37]JIANG X,JIN X C,YAO Y,et al.Effects of biological activity,light,temperature and oxygen on phosphorus release processes at the sediment and water interface of Taihu Lake,China[J].Water Research,2008,42(8/9):2251-2259.
[38]MILLER W D,JR.HARDING L W.Climate forcing of the spring bloom in Chesapeake Bay[J]. Marine Ecology Progress Series,2007,331:11-22.
[39]刘振.濑户内海海岸带保护法律制度研究及对渤海海岸带保护的启示[D].中国海洋大学,2013.
[40]吕志峰.胶州湾排污优化研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2013.
[41]HUNG J J,HUANG W C,YU C S.Environmental and biogeochemical changes following a decade's reclamation in the Dapeng(Tapong)Bay,southwestern Taiwan[J]. Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science.2013,130(SI):9-20.
[42]FEI X.Solving the coastal eutrophication problem by large scale seaweed cultivation[J]. Hydrobiologia,2004,512(1/2/3):145-151.
[43]季仲强.近岸海域氮磷污染生态修复与大型海藻生物能源提取研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2011.
[44]姜国建.对比研究中国和美国的海洋灾害预报机制和管理体制[J].海洋开发与管理,2006(6):30-34.
[45]KIM H.An overview on the occurrences of harmful algal blooms(HABs)and mitigation strategies in Korean coastal waters[J].Coastal Environmental and Ecosystem Issues of the East China Sea,2010:121-131.
[46]张哲海.玄武湖蓝藻水华应急治理成效分析[J].污染防治技术,2006,19(5):56-59.
[47]曹西华,俞志明,邱丽霞.改性黏土法消除球形棕囊藻赤潮的现场实验与效果评估[J].海洋与湖沼,2017,48(4):753-759.
[48]DAVIDSON K,GOWEN R J,HARRISON P J,et al.Anthropogenic nutrients and harmful algae in coastal waters[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2014,146:206-216.
[2]CLOERN J E. Our evolving conceptual model of the coastal eutrophication problem[J]. Marine Ecology Progress Series,2001,210:223-253.
[3] HUGHES B B,HASKINS J C,WASSON K,et al. Identifying factors that influence expression of eutrophication in a central California estuary[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,2011,439:31-43.
[4]SMITH V H.Eutrophication of freshwater and coastal marine ecosystems-A global problem[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2003,10(2):126-139.
[5]FERREIRA J G,ANDERSEN J H,BORJA A,et al.Overview of eutrophication indicators to assess environmental status within the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive[J]. Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2011,93(2):117-131.
[6]宋洪军.缅因湾及邻近海域浮游植物水华年际变化及其生态效应研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2010.
[7] REID P C,LANCELOT C,GIESKES W,et al.Phytoplankton of the North Sea and its dynamics:a review[J].Netherlands Journal of Sea Research,1990,26(2/3/4):295-331.
[8]李天深,蓝文陆,卢印思,等.近岸海域自动监测浮标在赤潮预警中的应用及其缺陷[J].海洋预报,2015,32(1):70-78.
[9]庄宏儒.水质自动监测系统在厦门同安湾赤潮短期预报中的应用[J].海洋环境科学,2006,25(2):58-61.
[10]赵聪蛟,孔梅,孙笑笑,等.浙江省海洋水质浮标在线监测系统构建及应用[J].海洋环境科学,2016,35(2):288-294.
[11]PLATT T,SATHYENDRANATH S.Ecological indicators for the pelagic zone of the ocean from remote sensing[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment,2008,112(8):3426-3436.
[12]张学庆.近岸海域环境数学模型研究及其在胶州湾的应用[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2006.
[13]韩菲,陈永灿,刘昭伟.湖泊及水库富营养化模型研究综述[J].水科学进展,2003,14(6):785-791.
[14]MARSHALL S M,ORR A P.The photosynthesis of diatom cultures in the sea[J].Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom,1928,15(1):321-360.
[15]SVERDRUP H U.On conditions for the vernal blooming of phytoplankton[J].ICES Journal of Marine Science,1953,18(3):287-295.
[16] RILEY G A,STOMMEL H M,BUMPUS D F. Quantitative ecology of the plankton of the western North Atlantic[M]. New Haven:Bingham Oceanographic Laboratory,1949.
[17]任湘湘,李海,吴辉碇.海洋生态系统动力学模型研究进展[J].海洋预报.2012(01):65-72.
[18]王洪礼,许佳,郭龙,等.海洋赤潮藻类的生态动力学稳定性研究[J].动力学与控制学报.2005(02):42-45.
[19]WONG K T M,LEE J H W,HODGKISS I J.A simple model for forecast of coastal algal blooms[J]. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science,2007,74(1/2):175-196.
[20]袁德奎,姚鹏辉,徐晓甫,等.基于贝叶斯网络的渤海湾水体富营养化模型[J].天津大学学报:自然科学与工程技术版,2016,49(3):320-325.
[21]ZOUITEN H,DAZ C,GMEZ A G,et al.An advanced tool for eutrophication modeling in coastal lagoons:Application to the Victoria lagoon in the north of Spain[J]. Ecological Modelling,2013,265:99-113.
[22] VOLLENWEIDER R A. Advances in defining critical loading levels for phosphorus in lake eutrophication[J]. Memorie dell'Istituto Italiano di Idrobiologia.1976,33:53-83.
[23]NIXON S W. Coastal marine eutrophication:a definition,social causes,and future concerns[J].Ophelia.1995,41(1):199-219.
[24]BOYNTON W R,Murray L,Hagy J D,et al.A comparative analysis of eutrophication patterns in a temperate coastal lagoon[J].Estuaries.1996,19(2):408-421.
[25] CARACO N,Cole J,Likens G E.A comparison of phosphorus immobilization in sediments of freshwater and coastal marine systems[J].Biogeochemistry.1990,9(3):277-290.
[26]HOWARTH R W,Chan F,Marino R.Do top-down and bottomup controls interact to exclude nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria from the plankton of estuaries? An exploration with a simulation model[J].Biogeochemistry.1999,46(1-3):203-231.
[27]董燕红,蔡建东,钱宏林.珠江口海域营养盐比及与浮游植物的关系[J].海洋通报,2009,28(1):3-10.
[28] HICKEL W.Temporal variability of micro-and nanoplankton in the German Bight in relation to hydrographic structure and nutrient changes[J].ICES Journal of Marine Science,1998,55(4):600-609.
[29] Edwards M,Johns D G,Leterme S C,et al. Regional climate change and harmful algal blooms in the northeast Atlantic[J].Limnology and Oceanography,2006,51(2):820-829.
[30]王保栋.河口和沿岸海域的富营养化评价模型[J].海洋科学进展,2005,23(1):82-86.
[31]胡序朋,邵君波,唐静亮,等.近岸海域富营养化评价方法的研究进展和比较[J].中国环境监测,2016,32(1):35-43.
[32] RADIARTA I N,SAITOH S.Satellite-derived measurements of spatial and temporal chlorophyll-a variability in Funka Bay,southwestern Hokkaido,Japan[J]. Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2008,79(3):400-408.
[33]FU Y Z,XU S G,LIU J W.Temporal-spatial variations and developing trends of Chlorophyll-a in the Bohai Sea,China[J].Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science,2016,173:49-56.
[34]PAERL H W,HALL N S,PEIERLS B L,et al.Evolving paradigms and challenges in estuarine and coastal eutrophication dynamics in a culturally and climatically stressed world[J]. Estuaries and Coasts,2014,37(2):243-258.
[35]夏星辉,吴琼,牟新利.全球气候变化对地表水环境质量影响研究进展[J].水科学进展,2012,23(1):124-133.
[36]杨磊,林逢凯,胥峥,等.底泥修复中温度对微生物活性和污染物释放的影响[J].环境污染与防治,2007,29(1):22-25.
[37]JIANG X,JIN X C,YAO Y,et al.Effects of biological activity,light,temperature and oxygen on phosphorus release processes at the sediment and water interface of Taihu Lake,China[J].Water Research,2008,42(8/9):2251-2259.
[38]MILLER W D,JR.HARDING L W.Climate forcing of the spring bloom in Chesapeake Bay[J]. Marine Ecology Progress Series,2007,331:11-22.
[39]刘振.濑户内海海岸带保护法律制度研究及对渤海海岸带保护的启示[D].中国海洋大学,2013.
[40]吕志峰.胶州湾排污优化研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2013.
[41]HUNG J J,HUANG W C,YU C S.Environmental and biogeochemical changes following a decade's reclamation in the Dapeng(Tapong)Bay,southwestern Taiwan[J]. Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science.2013,130(SI):9-20.
[42]FEI X.Solving the coastal eutrophication problem by large scale seaweed cultivation[J]. Hydrobiologia,2004,512(1/2/3):145-151.
[43]季仲强.近岸海域氮磷污染生态修复与大型海藻生物能源提取研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2011.
[44]姜国建.对比研究中国和美国的海洋灾害预报机制和管理体制[J].海洋开发与管理,2006(6):30-34.
[45]KIM H.An overview on the occurrences of harmful algal blooms(HABs)and mitigation strategies in Korean coastal waters[J].Coastal Environmental and Ecosystem Issues of the East China Sea,2010:121-131.
[46]张哲海.玄武湖蓝藻水华应急治理成效分析[J].污染防治技术,2006,19(5):56-59.
[47]曹西华,俞志明,邱丽霞.改性黏土法消除球形棕囊藻赤潮的现场实验与效果评估[J].海洋与湖沼,2017,48(4):753-759.
[48]DAVIDSON K,GOWEN R J,HARRISON P J,et al.Anthropogenic nutrients and harmful algae in coastal waters[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2014,146:206-216.