宁东基地不同燃煤电厂周边土壤5种重金属元素污染特征及生态风险
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摘要
为了解宁东基地不同燃煤电厂周边土壤重金属污染特征,采集并测定了表层土壤样品的Cr、Cd、Pb、As和Hg等5种重金属含量,分析了土壤重金属元素的含量特征、不同风向上重金属含量的分布规律,采用单因子污染指数和综合污染指数对研究区域土壤重金属污染程度进行分析,并利用潜在生态风险指数法对其生态风险进行评价。结果表明:研究区域表层土壤中上述5种重金属元素质量分数的平均值分别为52.19~63.35、0.52~0.57、22.18~26.16、5.57~10.68和0.12~0.18 mg?kg~(-1),均没有超过《国家土壤环境质量标准》(GB15618—1995)二级标准(p H>7.5)和《展览会用地土壤环境质量评价标准(暂行)》(HJ350—2007)A级标准限值,但Cd、Pb和Hg的平均值超过了宁夏土壤背景值,其中Pb含量略高于背景值,Cd和Hg含量明显超出背景值,分别是背景值的4.6~5.1和6.0~9.0倍;Cr、Cd、Pb和As含量在不同燃煤电厂不同风向上的变化无明显规律,而Hg含量呈现西北风向最小,东南风向最大的分布规律,明显受主导风向影响;经单因子污染指数和综合污染指数评价,不同燃煤电厂周边表层土壤重金属的单项和综合污染指数均小于0.7,污染水平属于"清洁"。潜在生态风险指数评价结果进一步表明,电厂周边表层土壤呈轻微生态风险。尽管不同燃煤电厂周边表层土壤受重金属污染影响较小,但Cd和Hg含量在当地积累明显,这2种重金属元素的防治应受到重点关注。该研究可为宁东基地不同燃煤电厂周边土壤重金属污染防治和管理提供理论依据
To understand the characteristics of heavy metals contamination in the soil around different coal-fired power plants of Ningdong Base, The content of five selected soil heavy metals(Cr, Cd, Pb, As and Hg) were investigated and tested. Based on the analyses, the characteristics of heavy metal content, the distribution characteristics of heavy metal content in different direction were studied. Subsequently, the pollution status and ecological risks of heavy metals in the soils of survey area were assessed by single factor pollution index, Nemerow integrated pollution index and Hankanson potential ecological risk index, to provide scientific theory basis for soil heavy metal pollution control and management around different coal-fired power plants of Ningdong Base. The results showed that average contents of Cr, Cd, Pb, As and Hg in the soils of survey area were 52.19~63.35, 0.52~0.57, 22.18~26.16, 5.57~10.68 and 0.12~0.18 mg?kg~(-1), respectively, which were all lower than the threshold values of the secondary standard(p H>7.5) of "National Environmental Quality Standard for Soil"(GB 15618—1995) and A-level standard of "Environmental Quality Standard of Exhibition Sites for Soil(interim)"(HJ350—2007). But the average content of Cd, Pb and Hg was beyond Ningxia soil background value, respectively, among them, the average content of Pb was slightly higher than the corresponding background value, while the average content of Cd and Hg was 4.6~5.1 and 6.0~9.0 times higher than the corresponding background value. The distribution characteristics of Cr, Cd, Pb and As content in different direction were not obvious. Due to the impact of dominant wind direction, the distribution characteristics of Hg content was obvious, which was to be the minimum in the northwest and the maximum in the southeast. The average single factor pollution index and integrated pollution index indicated that and the soil pollution index from different coal-fired power plants were all less than 0.7, the pollution degree of all heavy metal elements in soils were clean(safe) level. Further, the potential ecological risk index revealed that the soil of the study area was in slightly potential ecological risk. Although the soil around different coal-fired power plants of Ningdong Base had little affects from the heavy metal pollution, because of Cd and Hg content accumulation were obvious, the impact of two elements on soil environment of different coal-fired power plants should be greatly paid attention.
To understand the characteristics of heavy metals contamination in the soil around different coal-fired power plants of Ningdong Base, The content of five selected soil heavy metals(Cr, Cd, Pb, As and Hg) were investigated and tested. Based on the analyses, the characteristics of heavy metal content, the distribution characteristics of heavy metal content in different direction were studied. Subsequently, the pollution status and ecological risks of heavy metals in the soils of survey area were assessed by single factor pollution index, Nemerow integrated pollution index and Hankanson potential ecological risk index, to provide scientific theory basis for soil heavy metal pollution control and management around different coal-fired power plants of Ningdong Base. The results showed that average contents of Cr, Cd, Pb, As and Hg in the soils of survey area were 52.19~63.35, 0.52~0.57, 22.18~26.16, 5.57~10.68 and 0.12~0.18 mg?kg~(-1), respectively, which were all lower than the threshold values of the secondary standard(p H>7.5) of "National Environmental Quality Standard for Soil"(GB 15618—1995) and A-level standard of "Environmental Quality Standard of Exhibition Sites for Soil(interim)"(HJ350—2007). But the average content of Cd, Pb and Hg was beyond Ningxia soil background value, respectively, among them, the average content of Pb was slightly higher than the corresponding background value, while the average content of Cd and Hg was 4.6~5.1 and 6.0~9.0 times higher than the corresponding background value. The distribution characteristics of Cr, Cd, Pb and As content in different direction were not obvious. Due to the impact of dominant wind direction, the distribution characteristics of Hg content was obvious, which was to be the minimum in the northwest and the maximum in the southeast. The average single factor pollution index and integrated pollution index indicated that and the soil pollution index from different coal-fired power plants were all less than 0.7, the pollution degree of all heavy metal elements in soils were clean(safe) level. Further, the potential ecological risk index revealed that the soil of the study area was in slightly potential ecological risk. Although the soil around different coal-fired power plants of Ningdong Base had little affects from the heavy metal pollution, because of Cd and Hg content accumulation were obvious, the impact of two elements on soil environment of different coal-fired power plants should be greatly paid attention.
引文
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曹人升,范明毅,黄先飞,等.2017.金沙燃煤电厂周围土壤有机质与重金属分析[J].环境化学,36(2):397-407.
陈耿,刘军,杨立辉,等.2016.燃煤电厂周边地区积尘重金属污染特征与健康风险评价[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),55(1):107-113.
程家丽,张信伟,唐阵武,等.2016.典型燃煤电厂周边蔬菜重金属累积特征及人体健康风险[J].卫生研究,45(2):241-245.
范明毅,杨皓,黄先飞,等.2016.典型山区燃煤型电厂周边土壤重金属形态特征及污染评价[J].中国环境科学,36(8):2425-2436.
方凤满,杨丁,汪琳琳,等.2010.芜湖燃煤电厂周边土壤中砷汞的分布特征研究[J].水土保持学报,24(1):109-113.
付亚宁,范秀华,邹璐,等.2010.马莲台电厂周围土壤重金属污染风险评价研究[J].科学技术与工程,10(23):5827-5830.
付亚宁,范秀华,邹璐,等.2011.电厂周围土壤重金属空间分布与风险评价研究[J].中国环境监测,27(6):5-8.
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金腊华,刘慧璇,蓝方勇,等.2003.燃煤发电工程对陆地生态环境的影响[J].生态科学,22(1):54-57.
郎春燕,王登菊,黄军.2011.成都燃煤电厂周围土壤中砷、锑、铅、锌分布特征及污染评价[J].环境化学,30(8):1439-1444.
李晓雪,卢新卫,任春辉,等.2012.宝鸡二电厂周边农田土壤重金属污染特征及评价[J].干旱地区农业研究,30(2):220-224.
厉炯慧,翁珊,方婧,等.2014.浙江海宁电镀工业园区周边土壤重金属污染特征及生态风险分析[J].环境科学,35(4):1509-1515.
刘平,张强,程滨,等.2010.电厂煤粉尘沉降特征及其对周边土壤主要性质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,(5):22-24.
刘巍,杨建军,汪君,等.2016.准东煤田露天矿区土壤重金属污染现状评价及来源分析[J].环境科学,37(5):1938-1945.
刘雯,卢新卫,陈灿灿,等.2013.电厂周围土壤磁化率对重金属污染的指示意义[J].土壤通报,44(4):993-997.
罗成科,毕江涛,肖国举,等.2017.宁东基地不同工业园区周边土壤重金属污染特征及其评价[J].生态环境学报,26(7):1221-1227.
宁夏农业勘查设计院.1990.宁夏土壤[M].宁夏:宁夏人民出版社:99-102.
司徒高华,王飞儿,何云峰,等.2016.燃煤电厂周边土壤中汞的分布和累积研究进展[J].土壤,48(3):419-428.
王道涵,杨亚利,任鹏,等.2015.内蒙古某电厂周围土壤汞分布特征及其影响因素[J].环境工程学报,9(12):6135-6140.
王书肖,张磊.2013.我国人为大气汞排放的环境影响及控制对策[J].环境保护,41(9):35-38.
王晓浩,王娟,王文华.2011.燃煤烟气中汞排放对周边环境影响[J].生态学杂志,30(5):928-932.
杨皓,范明毅,黄先飞,等.2016.喀斯特山区燃煤型电厂周边农业土壤中重金属的污染特征及评价[J].生态环境学报,25(5):893-902.
张凯,杨佳俊,白璐,等.2017.中国西北某煤化工区土壤中重金属污染特征及其源解析[J].矿业科学学报,2(2):191-198.
张连科,李海鹏,黄学敏,等.2016.包头某铝厂周边土壤重金属的空间分布及来源解析[J].环境科学,37(3):1139-1146.
张一修,王济,秦樊鑫,等.2012.贵阳市道路灰尘和土壤重金属来源识别比较[J].环境科学学报,32(1):204-212.
赵宇明,谷小兵,刘海洋,等.2017.燃煤电厂脱硫石膏综合应用进展[J].环境保护与循环经济,(7):18-22.
中国环境监测总站.1990.中国土壤元素背景值[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社:331-367.
中华人民共和国环境保护部.2007.HJ350-2007,展览会用地土壤环境质量评价标准(暂行)[S].北京:中华人民共和国环境保护部:2-4.
?UJI?M,DRAGOVI?S,?OR?EVI?M,et al.2016.Environmental assessment of heavy metals around the largest coal fired power plant in Serbia[J].Catena,139:44-52.
HAKANSON L.1980.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control:A sedimentological approach[J].Water Research,14(8):975-1001.
WILDING L P.1985.Spatial variability:its documentation,accommodation and implication to soil surveys[C]//NIELSON D R,BOUMA J(Eds.).Soil Spatial Variability.Wageningen,Netherlands:Pudoc,166-193.
曹人升,范明毅,黄先飞,等.2017.金沙燃煤电厂周围土壤有机质与重金属分析[J].环境化学,36(2):397-407.
陈耿,刘军,杨立辉,等.2016.燃煤电厂周边地区积尘重金属污染特征与健康风险评价[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),55(1):107-113.
程家丽,张信伟,唐阵武,等.2016.典型燃煤电厂周边蔬菜重金属累积特征及人体健康风险[J].卫生研究,45(2):241-245.
范明毅,杨皓,黄先飞,等.2016.典型山区燃煤型电厂周边土壤重金属形态特征及污染评价[J].中国环境科学,36(8):2425-2436.
方凤满,杨丁,汪琳琳,等.2010.芜湖燃煤电厂周边土壤中砷汞的分布特征研究[J].水土保持学报,24(1):109-113.
付亚宁,范秀华,邹璐,等.2010.马莲台电厂周围土壤重金属污染风险评价研究[J].科学技术与工程,10(23):5827-5830.
付亚宁,范秀华,邹璐,等.2011.电厂周围土壤重金属空间分布与风险评价研究[J].中国环境监测,27(6):5-8.
贺弘滢,苑春刚,赵毅,等.2013.河北某燃煤电厂周边土壤中砷及其形态分布特征[J].中国电力,46(6):96-98.
金腊华,刘慧璇,蓝方勇,等.2003.燃煤发电工程对陆地生态环境的影响[J].生态科学,22(1):54-57.
郎春燕,王登菊,黄军.2011.成都燃煤电厂周围土壤中砷、锑、铅、锌分布特征及污染评价[J].环境化学,30(8):1439-1444.
李晓雪,卢新卫,任春辉,等.2012.宝鸡二电厂周边农田土壤重金属污染特征及评价[J].干旱地区农业研究,30(2):220-224.
厉炯慧,翁珊,方婧,等.2014.浙江海宁电镀工业园区周边土壤重金属污染特征及生态风险分析[J].环境科学,35(4):1509-1515.
刘平,张强,程滨,等.2010.电厂煤粉尘沉降特征及其对周边土壤主要性质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,(5):22-24.
刘巍,杨建军,汪君,等.2016.准东煤田露天矿区土壤重金属污染现状评价及来源分析[J].环境科学,37(5):1938-1945.
刘雯,卢新卫,陈灿灿,等.2013.电厂周围土壤磁化率对重金属污染的指示意义[J].土壤通报,44(4):993-997.
罗成科,毕江涛,肖国举,等.2017.宁东基地不同工业园区周边土壤重金属污染特征及其评价[J].生态环境学报,26(7):1221-1227.
宁夏农业勘查设计院.1990.宁夏土壤[M].宁夏:宁夏人民出版社:99-102.
司徒高华,王飞儿,何云峰,等.2016.燃煤电厂周边土壤中汞的分布和累积研究进展[J].土壤,48(3):419-428.
王道涵,杨亚利,任鹏,等.2015.内蒙古某电厂周围土壤汞分布特征及其影响因素[J].环境工程学报,9(12):6135-6140.
王书肖,张磊.2013.我国人为大气汞排放的环境影响及控制对策[J].环境保护,41(9):35-38.
王晓浩,王娟,王文华.2011.燃煤烟气中汞排放对周边环境影响[J].生态学杂志,30(5):928-932.
杨皓,范明毅,黄先飞,等.2016.喀斯特山区燃煤型电厂周边农业土壤中重金属的污染特征及评价[J].生态环境学报,25(5):893-902.
张凯,杨佳俊,白璐,等.2017.中国西北某煤化工区土壤中重金属污染特征及其源解析[J].矿业科学学报,2(2):191-198.
张连科,李海鹏,黄学敏,等.2016.包头某铝厂周边土壤重金属的空间分布及来源解析[J].环境科学,37(3):1139-1146.
张一修,王济,秦樊鑫,等.2012.贵阳市道路灰尘和土壤重金属来源识别比较[J].环境科学学报,32(1):204-212.
赵宇明,谷小兵,刘海洋,等.2017.燃煤电厂脱硫石膏综合应用进展[J].环境保护与循环经济,(7):18-22.
中国环境监测总站.1990.中国土壤元素背景值[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社:331-367.
中华人民共和国环境保护部.2007.HJ350-2007,展览会用地土壤环境质量评价标准(暂行)[S].北京:中华人民共和国环境保护部:2-4.