土壤紧实度对花生光合与衰老特性和产量的影响
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摘要
为明确不同土壤紧实度对花生生长发育的影响,确定花生生长所需的适宜紧实度,为花生高产栽培措施的制定提供理论依据。以高产花生品种青花7号为材料,采用土柱栽培的方法,设置土壤容重分别为1.1g·cm~(-3)、1.2g·cm~(-3)、1.3g·cm~(-3)、1.4g·cm~(-3)和1.5g·cm~(-3) 5个处理,研究了土壤紧实度对花生光合与衰老特性和产量的影响。结果表明,花生不同生育时期叶片光合与衰老特性对土壤容重的反映存在差异。土壤容重过低或过高均不利于花生在各生育时期的生长,过低易导致花生早衰而减产;土壤容重过高则在花生整个生育期均不利于叶片叶绿素含量、光合速率、SOD活性、POD活性、可溶性蛋白含量的提高和MDA含量的降低,导致产量低于其他处理;而适宜的土壤容重(1.2~1.3g·cm~(-3))则在整个生育期尤其是中后期均能使叶片保持较高叶绿素含量、光合速率、SOD活性、POD活性、可溶性蛋白含量和较低的MDA含量,延缓衰老,从而增加产量。
To clarify the effect of different soil compactness on peanut growth and development,the suitable compaction degree needed for peanut growth was determined,which provided a theoretical basis for the development of high yielding peanut cultivation measures.The effects of soil compaction on the photosynthetic and senescence characteristics and yield of peanut were studied by using soil column cultivation method.High yield peanut Qinghua7 was taken as plant material and 5 treatments with the soil bulk density of 1.1 g·cm~(-3),1.2 g·cm~(-3),1.3 g·cm~(-3),1.4 g·cm~(-3) and 1.5 g·cm~(-3) were used.The results showed that there were differences in the response of leaf photosynthetic and senescence characteristics to soil bulk density during different growth stages of peanut.Soil bulk with too low or too high density is detrimental to the growth of peanut in each growth period,too low bulk density of soil can easily lead to premature peanut aging and reduce production,while too high bulk density of soil was not conducive to the leaf chlorophyll content,photosynthetic rate,SOD activity,POD activity,soluble protein content and MDA content in the whole growth period of peanut,which resulted in the lowest yield compared to other treatments.The suitable soil bulk density(1.2~1.3 g·cm~(-3))could keep the leaf with high chlorophyll content,photosynthetic rate,SOD activity,POD activity,soluble protein content and low MDA content in the whole growth period especially in the middle and late stages,and finally increased yield.
To clarify the effect of different soil compactness on peanut growth and development,the suitable compaction degree needed for peanut growth was determined,which provided a theoretical basis for the development of high yielding peanut cultivation measures.The effects of soil compaction on the photosynthetic and senescence characteristics and yield of peanut were studied by using soil column cultivation method.High yield peanut Qinghua7 was taken as plant material and 5 treatments with the soil bulk density of 1.1 g·cm~(-3),1.2 g·cm~(-3),1.3 g·cm~(-3),1.4 g·cm~(-3) and 1.5 g·cm~(-3) were used.The results showed that there were differences in the response of leaf photosynthetic and senescence characteristics to soil bulk density during different growth stages of peanut.Soil bulk with too low or too high density is detrimental to the growth of peanut in each growth period,too low bulk density of soil can easily lead to premature peanut aging and reduce production,while too high bulk density of soil was not conducive to the leaf chlorophyll content,photosynthetic rate,SOD activity,POD activity,soluble protein content and MDA content in the whole growth period of peanut,which resulted in the lowest yield compared to other treatments.The suitable soil bulk density(1.2~1.3 g·cm~(-3))could keep the leaf with high chlorophyll content,photosynthetic rate,SOD activity,POD activity,soluble protein content and low MDA content in the whole growth period especially in the middle and late stages,and finally increased yield.
引文
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[23]韩成卫,孔晓民,宋春林,等.山东省褐土土壤容重对玉米生长发育及产量形成的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017(6):143-148.
[24]王玉萍,周晓洁,卢潇,等.土壤紧实度对马铃薯根系、匍匐茎、产量和品质的影响[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(6):1590-1595.
[25]张喜亭,曹立为,吕书财,等.黑土容重对大豆氮素吸收及产量的影响[J].作物杂志,2017(3):132-137.
[26]丁祎,张昊,王季春,等.下层土壤厚度及容重对甘薯根系和块根质量的影响[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2018,40(5):1-7.
[27]Ludlow M M,Sommer K J,Flower D J,et al.Influence of root signals resulting from soil dehydraion and high strength on the growth of crop plants[J].Current Topics Plant Biochem Physiol,1989,8:81-90.
[28]宋家祥,庄恒扬,陈后庆.不同土壤紧实度对棉花根系生长的影响[J].作物学报,1997,23(6):719-726.
[2]张智猛,胡文广,许婷婷,等.中国花生生产的发展与优势分析[J].花生学报,2005(3):6-10,20.
[3]贺明荣,王振林.土壤紧实度变化对小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响[J].西北植物报,2004,24(4):649-650.
[4]Steniter E,Murer E.Impact of soil compaction upon soil water balance and maize yield estimated by SIMWASER model[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2003,73:43-56.
[5]杨世琦,吴会军,韩瑞芸,等.农田土壤紧实度研究进展[J].土壤通报,2016,47(1):226-232.
[6]Liu W G,Shan L.Effect of soil bulk density on maize growth under different water regimes[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2003,1(11):1906-1910.
[7]尚庆文,孔祥波,王玉霞,等.土壤紧实度对生姜植株衰老的影响[J].应用生态学报,2008(4):782-786.
[8]Kumar S,Narula A,Badin M Z,et al.Enhancement in biomass and berberine concentration by neem cake and nitrogen(urea)and sulphur nutrients in Tinospora cordifolia Miers[J].Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants,2004,10:243-251.
[9]沈明星,沈新平,吴彤东,等.长期氮磷钾配施对稻米品质的影响[J].上海农业学报,2004(2):60-62.
[10]贺明荣,王振林.土壤紧实度变化对小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响[J].西北植物学报,2004(4):649-654.
[11]韩成卫,孔晓民,宋春林,等.山东省褐土土壤容重对玉米生长发育及产量形成的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017(6):143-148.
[12]张国红,张振贤,梁勇,等.土壤紧实度对温室番茄生长发育、产量及品质的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2004(3):70-72.
[13]Stenitzer E,Murer E.Impact of soil compaction upon soil water balance and maize yield estimated by the SIMWASER model[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2003,73(1):43-56.
[14]王爱国,罗广华.大豆种子超氧物歧化酶的研究[J].植物生理学报,1983(1):77-84.
[15]西北农业大学.基础生物化学指导[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1985:133.
[16]上海植物生理学会.植物生理学实验手册[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1985:134-138.
[17]林植芳,李双顺,林桂珠,等.水稻叶片的衰老与超氧化物歧化酶活性及脂质过氧化作用的关系[J].植物学报,1984,6(26):605-615.
[18]Andrade A,Wolf D W,Fereres E.Leaf expansion,photosynthesis and water relations of sunflower plants growth on compacted soil[J].Plant and Soil,1993,149:175-184.
[19]孙艳,王益权,杨梅,等.土壤紧实胁迫对黄瓜根系活力和叶片光合作用的影响[J].植物生理与分子生物学报,2005,31(5):545-550.
[20]武维华.植物生理学[M].北京:中国科学出版社,2006.
[21]尚庆文,孔祥波,王玉霞,等.土壤紧实度对生姜植株衰老的影响[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(4):367-371.
[22]李潮海,赵霞,王群,等.下层土壤容重对玉米生育后期叶片衰老的生理效应[J].玉米科学,2007,15(2):61-63.
[23]韩成卫,孔晓民,宋春林,等.山东省褐土土壤容重对玉米生长发育及产量形成的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017(6):143-148.
[24]王玉萍,周晓洁,卢潇,等.土壤紧实度对马铃薯根系、匍匐茎、产量和品质的影响[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(6):1590-1595.
[25]张喜亭,曹立为,吕书财,等.黑土容重对大豆氮素吸收及产量的影响[J].作物杂志,2017(3):132-137.
[26]丁祎,张昊,王季春,等.下层土壤厚度及容重对甘薯根系和块根质量的影响[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2018,40(5):1-7.
[27]Ludlow M M,Sommer K J,Flower D J,et al.Influence of root signals resulting from soil dehydraion and high strength on the growth of crop plants[J].Current Topics Plant Biochem Physiol,1989,8:81-90.
[28]宋家祥,庄恒扬,陈后庆.不同土壤紧实度对棉花根系生长的影响[J].作物学报,1997,23(6):719-726.