不同糖源膨化饲料对大规格草鱼生长、越冬及血清部分生化指标的影响
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摘要
以商业配方为基础,研究不同糖源(小麦、大麦、玉米、白高粱、木薯)膨化饲料对大规格草鱼[初始体质量(400.77±7.45) g]生长、体成分、越冬及部分生理生化指标的影响。共设置5个处理,每处理3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼,养殖实验于水库网箱(2.0 m×2.0m×2.0 m)中进行,饲养时间为16周,养殖实验结束后,每网箱保留15尾进行越冬实验,时间为16周。结果显示,玉米组草鱼增重率(WGR)和蛋白质效率(PER)显著低于其他各组,饲料系数(FCR)显著高于其他各组,其他4组差异不显著;肥满度(CF)小麦组最高,脏体比(VSI)玉米组最高,肝体比(HSI)和肠体比(ISI)木薯组最高;小麦组血糖(GLU)含量显著高于其他各组,大麦和白高粱组总胆固醇(T-CHO)含量显著高于其他3组,木薯组甘油三酯(TG)含量显著低于其他各组。小麦、大麦和玉米组的肌肉粗脂肪含量显著高于白高粱和木薯组,木薯组的粗蛋白含量显著低于其他4组。白高粱和木薯组的肝糖原显著高于其他组,大麦和白高粱组的肌糖原显著高于其他组。越冬后,大麦组草鱼体质量下降幅度显著高于其他各组,HSI下降幅度显著小于其他各组,肝糖原含量显著升高,GLU下降幅度显著低于其他各组,肌肉粗蛋白含量下降幅度最高,其他各组越冬后体质量下降幅度差异不显著,小麦组CF下降比例最高,玉米和木薯组HSI下降幅度显著大于其他各组,玉米组的VSI下降比例最大。研究表明,在膨化工艺条件下,以生长、增重成本和越冬为评价指标,小麦、木薯和白高粱是大规格草鱼适合的糖源,木薯增重成本最低。
A 16-week feeding experiment was conducted to study the effects of different dietary carbohydrate sources(wheat, barley, corn, white sorghum, cassava) on growth, body composition, overwintering and serum indexes of large-size grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella) [initial body weight(400.77±7.45) g]. Every diet was randomly fed by triplicate cages, and each cage(2 m×2 m×2 m) was stocked with 30 fish. After the feeding trail,15 fishes were kept in original cage for overwintering experiment in 16 weeks. Results show as follows: the weight gain rate(WGR) and protein efficiency ratio(PER) of grass carp in corn group was the lowest among experimental groups, and the feed coefficient ratio(FCR) was the highest, but other four groups had no significant difference; the condition factor(CF) in wheat group, was the highest, body weight(VSI) in corn group, and the hepatic body ratio(HSI) and intestine ratio(ISI) in cassava group were the highest, and these were highest among experimental groups; blood glucose(GLU) in wheat group and total cholesterol(T-CHO) in barley and white sorghum groups were the highest among other groups. The triglyceride(TG) content in the cassava group was significantly lower than that in the other groups. The crude fat of muscle in wheat, barley and corn groups was significantly higher than white sorghum and cassava groups. The crude protein content of muscle in cassava group was significantly lower among other four groups. Hepatic glycogen was significantly higher in the white sorghum and cassava groups than other groups. Muscle glycogen was significantly higher in the barley and white sorghum groups than other groups. After wintering, the weight loss of barley grass carp was significantly higher than that of other groups. The decrease rate of HSI was significantly lower than other groups. The hepatic glycogen content was significantly increased, and the decrease of GLU was significantly less than that of other groups. The crude muscle protein decreased most rapidly. There were no significant differences in weight loss after winter in other groups. The CF was the highest drop rate in wheat group, the HSI decline in corn and cassava groups was significantly greater than other groups. Corn group had the largest decrease in VSI. In conclusion, under the puffing process conditions, wheat, cassava, and white sorghum are suitable sugar to be sources to be added in feed for large-size grass carp, and cassava has the lowest weight-increasing costs with growth, weight gain cost, and overwintering as evaluation indicators.
A 16-week feeding experiment was conducted to study the effects of different dietary carbohydrate sources(wheat, barley, corn, white sorghum, cassava) on growth, body composition, overwintering and serum indexes of large-size grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idella) [initial body weight(400.77±7.45) g]. Every diet was randomly fed by triplicate cages, and each cage(2 m×2 m×2 m) was stocked with 30 fish. After the feeding trail,15 fishes were kept in original cage for overwintering experiment in 16 weeks. Results show as follows: the weight gain rate(WGR) and protein efficiency ratio(PER) of grass carp in corn group was the lowest among experimental groups, and the feed coefficient ratio(FCR) was the highest, but other four groups had no significant difference; the condition factor(CF) in wheat group, was the highest, body weight(VSI) in corn group, and the hepatic body ratio(HSI) and intestine ratio(ISI) in cassava group were the highest, and these were highest among experimental groups; blood glucose(GLU) in wheat group and total cholesterol(T-CHO) in barley and white sorghum groups were the highest among other groups. The triglyceride(TG) content in the cassava group was significantly lower than that in the other groups. The crude fat of muscle in wheat, barley and corn groups was significantly higher than white sorghum and cassava groups. The crude protein content of muscle in cassava group was significantly lower among other four groups. Hepatic glycogen was significantly higher in the white sorghum and cassava groups than other groups. Muscle glycogen was significantly higher in the barley and white sorghum groups than other groups. After wintering, the weight loss of barley grass carp was significantly higher than that of other groups. The decrease rate of HSI was significantly lower than other groups. The hepatic glycogen content was significantly increased, and the decrease of GLU was significantly less than that of other groups. The crude muscle protein decreased most rapidly. There were no significant differences in weight loss after winter in other groups. The CF was the highest drop rate in wheat group, the HSI decline in corn and cassava groups was significantly greater than other groups. Corn group had the largest decrease in VSI. In conclusion, under the puffing process conditions, wheat, cassava, and white sorghum are suitable sugar to be sources to be added in feed for large-size grass carp, and cassava has the lowest weight-increasing costs with growth, weight gain cost, and overwintering as evaluation indicators.
引文
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[10]赵万鹏,刘永坚,潘庆,等.草鱼对饲料中碳水化合物利用的研究[J].中山大学学报:自然科学版,1999,38(4):87-91.Zhao W P,Liu Y J,Pan Q,.Study on utilization of dietary cargbohydrate by grass carp[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni,1999,38(4):87-91(in Chinese).
[11]Rosas C,Cuzon G,Gaxiola G,.Metabolism and growth of juveniles of Litopenaeus vannamei:effect of salinity and dietary carbohydrate levels[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2001,259(1):1-22.
[12]孙育平,王国霞,胡俊茹,等.不同种类碳水化合物对吉富罗非鱼生长性能、体组成和血清生化指标的影响[J].水产学报,2014,38(9):1486-1491.Sun Y P,Wang G X,Hu J R,.Effects of different types of carbohydrate on growth,body composition and serum biochemical indices of GIFT tilapia[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2014,38(9):1486-1491(in Chinese).
[13]褚志鹏,危起伟,杜浩,等.不同糖源对达氏鲟幼鱼生长、体成分及生理生化指标的影响[J].中国水产科学,2017,24(2):284-294.Chu Z P,Wei Q Q,Du H,.Effects of different carbohydrate sources on growth performance,body composition,and physiological and biochemical parameters of juvenile Dabry’s sturgeon[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2017,24(2):284-294(in Chinese).
[14]田丽霞,刘永坚,冯健,等.不同种类淀粉对草鱼生长、肠系膜脂肪沉积和鱼体组成的影响[J].水产学报,2002,26(3):247-251.Tian L X,Liu Y J,Feng J,.Effect of different types of starch on growth,the deposition of mesenteric fat and body composition of Ctenopharyngodon idellus[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2002,26(3):247-251(in Chinese).
[15]尹晓静,叶元土,金素雅,等.玉米,小麦和木薯对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)生长性能的影响[J].中国粮油学报,2010,25(08):70-76.Ying X J,Ye Y T,Jin S Y,.Effects of corn,wheat and cassava on grouth of Ctenopharyngodon idella[J].Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association,2010,25(08):70-76(in Chinese).
[16]张建,张宝彤,叶元土,等.五种淀粉原料在草鱼饲料中应用效果的研究[J].饲料工业,2010,31(24):16-22.Zhang J,Zhang B T,Ye Y T,.Study on application effect of five kinds of starch materials in grass carp feed[J].Feed Industry,2010,31(24):16-22(in Chinese).
[17]Mokoginta I,Takeuchi T,Hadadi A,.Different capabilities in utilizing dietary carbohydrate by fingerling and subadult giant gouramy,Osphronemus gouramy[J].Fisheries Science,2004,70(6):996-1002.
[18]朱站英,华雪铭,于宁,等.草鱼蛋白质和脂肪代谢对饥饿胁迫的响应[J].水产学报,2012,36(5):756-763.Zhu Z Y,Hua X M,Yu N,.Response of lipid and protein metabolism of grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)to starvation[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2012,36(5):756-763(in Chinese).
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