菹草生长对西安护城河底泥营养及重金属的影响
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摘要
以西安市护城河某一水域为研究对象,通过现场采样测定了菹草生长区和无菹草生长区底泥中碳、氮、磷及重金属含量的季节性变化。结果表明,同一水域,菹草生长区底泥中的TN和TOC含量明显高于无菹草生长区的,四季均值分别为10.7、104.41 mg/g,分别为无菹草生长区的1.66和1.23倍,且两者均在春季最大、秋季最小。而菹草生长区底泥中的TP含量明显低于无菹草生长区的,四季均值为2.01 mg/g,为无菹草生长区的85.9%,且季节性变化不大。TP的主要赋存形态为无机磷(IP),菹草生长区底泥的IP中铁铝磷含量均值仅为无菹草生长区的65.7%;菹草生长区底泥的有机磷(OP)中稳性有机磷含量占OP的49.4%。此外,菹草生长区底泥中主要重金属Cr、Mn、Cu、Zn的含量均值分别为68.03、100.63、66.12和295.19μg/g,分别为无菹草生长区的88.8%、65.7%、56.2%和110.9%。总之,菹草在实际水体中的生长,增加了底泥中碳、氮的含量,降低了磷含量并促使IP向OP转化,且会引起底泥中重金属含量的变化。
Taking a certain water area of the moat in Xi'an City as the research object,seasonal variation of carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus and heavy metal contents in sediment of Potamogeton crispus( P. crispus) growth area and no P. crispus growth area were determined by spot-sampling. The results showed that the contents of both TN and TOC in sediment with P. crispus growth were significantly higher than those in sediment without P. crispus growth,and the average contents of TN and TOC were 10. 7 and104. 41 mg/g in sediment with P. crispus growth,which were 1. 66 times and 1. 23 times of those in sediment without P. crispus growth,respectively. Moreover,both TN and TOC contents in sediment reached the highest and lowest values in spring and autumn respectively. However,the TP content in sediment with P. crispus growth was significantly lower than that without P. crispus growth,and its average value of four seasons was 2. 01 mg/g in sediment with P. crispus growth,which was 85. 9% of that without P.crispus growth and was without obvious seasonal change. The main occurrence of TP was inorganic phosphorus( IP),and the average value of Fe/Al-bound phosphorus of IP in sediment with P. crispus growth was only 65. 7% of that without P. crispus growth. The content of stable organic phosphorus accounted for49. 4% of the organic phosphorus( OP) in sediment with P. crispus growth. In addition,the mean values of the main heavy metals Cr,Mn,Cu and Zn were 68. 03,100. 63,66. 12 and 295. 19 μg/g in sediment with P. crispus growth,which were 88. 8%,65. 7%,56. 2% and 110. 9% in sediment without P.crispus growth,respectively. In short,P. crispus growth increased the carbon and nitrogen contents in the sediment,which reduced the phosphorus content and promoted the transformation of IP to OP. Furthermore,P. crispus growth led to the change of heavy metal content in the sediment.
Taking a certain water area of the moat in Xi'an City as the research object,seasonal variation of carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus and heavy metal contents in sediment of Potamogeton crispus( P. crispus) growth area and no P. crispus growth area were determined by spot-sampling. The results showed that the contents of both TN and TOC in sediment with P. crispus growth were significantly higher than those in sediment without P. crispus growth,and the average contents of TN and TOC were 10. 7 and104. 41 mg/g in sediment with P. crispus growth,which were 1. 66 times and 1. 23 times of those in sediment without P. crispus growth,respectively. Moreover,both TN and TOC contents in sediment reached the highest and lowest values in spring and autumn respectively. However,the TP content in sediment with P. crispus growth was significantly lower than that without P. crispus growth,and its average value of four seasons was 2. 01 mg/g in sediment with P. crispus growth,which was 85. 9% of that without P.crispus growth and was without obvious seasonal change. The main occurrence of TP was inorganic phosphorus( IP),and the average value of Fe/Al-bound phosphorus of IP in sediment with P. crispus growth was only 65. 7% of that without P. crispus growth. The content of stable organic phosphorus accounted for49. 4% of the organic phosphorus( OP) in sediment with P. crispus growth. In addition,the mean values of the main heavy metals Cr,Mn,Cu and Zn were 68. 03,100. 63,66. 12 and 295. 19 μg/g in sediment with P. crispus growth,which were 88. 8%,65. 7%,56. 2% and 110. 9% in sediment without P.crispus growth,respectively. In short,P. crispus growth increased the carbon and nitrogen contents in the sediment,which reduced the phosphorus content and promoted the transformation of IP to OP. Furthermore,P. crispus growth led to the change of heavy metal content in the sediment.
引文
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[2]张敏,尹传宝,张翠英,等.沉水植物菹草的生态功能及其应用现状[J].中国水土保持,2015,(3):50-53.Zhang Min,Yin Chuanbao,Zhang Cuiying,et al.Ecology function and application status of Potamogeton crispus[J].Soil and Water Conservation in China,2015,(3):50-53(in Chinese).
[3]任文君,胡晓波,刘霞,等.白洋淀菹草对富营养化水体总磷的净化[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(4):1053-1058.Ren Wenjun,Hu Xiaobo,Liu Xia,et al.Total phosphorus removal from eutrophic water in Baiyangdian Lake by Potamogeton crispus[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2011,22(4):1053-1058(in Chinese).
[4]王文林,王国祥,李强,等.菹草-伊乐藻群落对富营养化水体水质的净化效果[J].南京师大学报:自然科学版,2006,29(4):111-116.Wang Wenlin,Wang Guoxiang,Li Qiang,et al.Purification effect of Potamogeton crispus-Elodea nuttallii community on eutrophic water body quality[J].Journal of Nanjing Normal University:Natural Science Edition,2006,29(4):111-116(in Chinese).
[5]王锦旗,郑有飞,王国祥.玄武湖菹草种群的发生原因及人工收割对水环境的影响[J].水生生物学报,2013,37(2):300-305.Wang Jinqi,Zheng Youfei,Wang Guoxiang.Reasons for the occurrence of Potamogeton crispus population and harvesting impact on the water environment in Xuanwu Lake[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2013,37(2):300-305(in Chinese).
[6]倪玲珊.菹草对长江中游湖泊沉积物及上覆水间钙、磷循环的影响[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2010.Ni Lingshan.Effect of Potamogeton crispus on Calcium and Phosphorus Cycle in Lake Sediments and Overlying Water of Middle Yangtze River[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University,2010(in Chinese).
[7]Wang S,Jin X,Zhao H,et al.Phosphorus release characteristics of different trophic lake sediments under simulative disturbing conditions[J].J Hazard Mater,2009,161(2/3):1551-1559.
[8]李孝良,于群英,陈如梅.土壤有机磷形态的生物有效性研究[J].土壤通报,2003,34(2):98-101.Li Xiaoliang,Yu Qunying,Chen Rumei.Bio-availability of different forms of soil organic phosphorus[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2003,34(2):98-101(in Chinese).
[9]Mi W J,Zhu D W,Zhou Y Y,et al.Influence of Potamogeton crispus growth on nutrients in the sediment and water of Lake Tangxunhu[J].Hydrobiologia,2008,603(1):139-146.
[10]何成杰,朱端卫,郭怀成,等.外源Mn(Ⅱ)对菹草(Potamogeton crispus L.)生长及其铁锰含量的影响[J].环境科学研究,2010,23(6):690-695.He Chengjie,Zhu Duanwei,Guo Huaicheng,et al.Effects of manganese application on Potamogeton crispus L.growth and response of iron and manganese in plants[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2010,23(6):690-695(in Chinese).
[11]Hupfer M,Dollan A.Immobilisation of phosphorus by iron-coated roots of submerged macrophytes[J].Hydrobiologia,2003,506/509(1/3):635-640.