塔里木盆地古城台缘带寒武系丘滩体气藏形成特征
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摘要
塔里木盆地古城台缘带寒武系丘滩体风险勘探首次发现气层,开拓了油气勘探的新领域。基于风险探井——城探1井钻探成果,在岩心观察、岩石薄片鉴定、地球化学分析等综合研究的基础上,结合测井和地震响应特征,对古城台缘带发育的4期寒武系丘滩体的油气成藏条件进行了分析。结果表明:寒武系丘滩体中天然气主要为古油藏的原油裂解气,原油成藏时间在加里东中、晚期,天然气成藏期在喜马拉雅期;丘滩体储层发育,主要由风化淋滤或有机酸的溶蚀作用形成,一般核部主体部位储集条件优于翼部;第一,二期丘滩体顶部发育直接盖层,分布稳定,储盖组合配置好,具有独立成藏条件。第三,四期丘滩体顶部具有不整合暴露剥蚀特征,直接盖层封盖能力较差,需要在寒武系上部区域盖层配合下规模成藏;古城台缘带断裂主要形成于寒武纪、中奥陶世、晚奥陶世3个时期,后期构造活动弱,有利于气藏保存。
Gas has been discovered in the Cambrian mound-beach in the Gucheng platform margin zone of the Tarim Basin for the first time,opening up a new field of oil and gas exploration. The hydrocarbon accumulation conditions of four stages of Cambrian mound-beach in the Gucheng platform margin zone were analyzed based on core observation,cast thin section examination,geochemical analysis as well as logging and seismic data of exploration well CT 1. The results showed that the gas in the Cambrian mound-beach is mainly secondary gas from paleo-oil reservoirs. Oil accumulated during the middle and late Caledonian stage,which was cracked to gas during the Himalayan period. Mound-beach reservoirs formed due to weathering,leaching or organic acid dissolution,and the reservoir properties of the central part is better than that of the periphery. On the top of the first and second stages of the moundbeach,direct caprock developed and configured well with the reservoir,which is favorable for independent accumulations. In the third and fourth stages,the top of mound-beach was exposed and eroded,and the sealing ability of direct cap rock is poor. The Upper Cambrian regional cap rocks are required for a useful reservoir. Fractures in the Gucheng platform margin zone mainly formed in the Cambrian,middle Ordovician and late Ordovician periods. Later tectonic activities were weak,which is favorable for gas accumulation.
Gas has been discovered in the Cambrian mound-beach in the Gucheng platform margin zone of the Tarim Basin for the first time,opening up a new field of oil and gas exploration. The hydrocarbon accumulation conditions of four stages of Cambrian mound-beach in the Gucheng platform margin zone were analyzed based on core observation,cast thin section examination,geochemical analysis as well as logging and seismic data of exploration well CT 1. The results showed that the gas in the Cambrian mound-beach is mainly secondary gas from paleo-oil reservoirs. Oil accumulated during the middle and late Caledonian stage,which was cracked to gas during the Himalayan period. Mound-beach reservoirs formed due to weathering,leaching or organic acid dissolution,and the reservoir properties of the central part is better than that of the periphery. On the top of the first and second stages of the moundbeach,direct caprock developed and configured well with the reservoir,which is favorable for independent accumulations. In the third and fourth stages,the top of mound-beach was exposed and eroded,and the sealing ability of direct cap rock is poor. The Upper Cambrian regional cap rocks are required for a useful reservoir. Fractures in the Gucheng platform margin zone mainly formed in the Cambrian,middle Ordovician and late Ordovician periods. Later tectonic activities were weak,which is favorable for gas accumulation.
引文
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[18]王永炜,李荣西,高胜利,等.渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷湖相碳酸盐岩微量元素特征及沉积环境[J].石油实验地质,2017,39(6):849-857.WANG Yongwei,LI Rongxi,GAO Shengli,et a1. Trace element characteristics and sedimentary environment of lacustrine carbonate rocks in the Huanghua Depression,Bohai Bay Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2017,39(6):849-857.
[19]朱光有,张水昌,梁英波,等.TSR对深部碳酸盐岩储层的溶蚀改造:四川盆地深部碳酸盐岩优质储层形成的重要方式[J].岩石学报,2006,22(8):2182-2194.ZHU Guangyou,ZHANG Shuichang,LIANG Yingbo,et al. Dissolution and alteration of the deep carbonate reservoirs by TSR:an important type of deep-buried high-quality carbonate reservoirs in Sichuan Basin[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica,2006,22(8):2182-2194.
[20] RUFFELL A,WORDEN R.Palaeoclimate analysis using spectral gamma-ray data from the Aptian(Cretaceous)of southern England and southern France[J]. Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,2000,155(3/4):265-283.
[21]刘宏,谭秀成,周彦,等.颗粒碳酸盐岩测井相及其对滩相储层的指示意义[J].天然气地球科学,2007,18(4):527-530.LIU Hong,TAN Xiucheng,ZHOU Yan,et al. Logging facies of granular carbonate rocks and its implication on reservoir evaluation[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2007,18(4):527-530.
[22]张君龙.碳酸盐岩层序沉积演化及海平面的控制作用:以塔里木盆地古城地区奥陶系为例[J].天然气工业,2017,37(1):46-53.ZHANG Junlong.Carbonate sequence sedimentary evolution and control of sea level:a case study of Ordovician in the Gucheng area,Tarim Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(1):46-53.
[23]何登发,贾承造,李德生,等.塔里木多旋回叠合盆地的形成与演化[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(1):64-77.HE Dengfa,JIA Chengzao,LI Desheng,et a1. Formation and evolution of polycyclic superimposed Tarim Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2005,26(1):64-77.
[24]张光亚,赵文智,王红军,等.塔里木盆地多旋回构造演化与复合含油气系统[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(5):653-663.ZHANG Guangya,ZHAO Wenzhi,WANG Hongjun,et a1.Multicycle tectonic evolution and composite petroleum systems in the Tarim Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2007,28(5):653-663.
[2]邹才能,杜金虎,徐春春,等.四川盆地震旦系—寒武系特大型气田形成分布、资源潜力及勘探发现[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(3):278-293.ZOU Caineng,DU Jinhu,XU Chunchun,et al.Formation,distribution,resource potential and discovery of the Sinian-Cambrian giant gas field,Sichuan Basin,SW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(3):278-293.
[3]漆立新.塔里木盆地下古生界碳酸盐岩大油气田勘探实践与展望[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(6):771-779.QI Lixin. Exploration practice and prospects of giant carbonate field in the Lower Paleozoic of Tarim Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2014,35(6):771-779.
[4]胡文瑄,朱井泉,王小林,等.塔里木盆地柯坪地区寒武系微生物白云岩特征、成因及意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(6):860-869.HU Wenxuan,ZHU Jingquan,WANG Xiaolin,et al.Characteristics,origin and geological implications of the Cambrian microbial dolomite in Keping area,Tarim Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2014,35(6):860-869.
[5]李斌,彭军,杨素举,等.塔里木盆地巴楚地区寒武系肖尔布拉克组储层特征及成因模式[J].石油实验地质,2017,39(6):797-804.LI Bin,PENG Jun,YANG Suju,et al.Genetic model and characteristics of the Cambrian Shorebulake reservoir in Bachu area,Tarim Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2017,39(6):797-804.
[6]宋金民,罗平,杨式升,等.塔里木盆地下寒武统微生物碳酸盐岩储集层特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(4):404-413.SONG Jinmin,LUO Ping,YANG Shisheng,et al. Reservoirs of Lower Cambrian microbial carbonates,Tarim Basin,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(4):404-413.
[7]马永生,蔡勋育,赵培荣,等.深层超深层碳酸盐岩优质储层发育机理和“三元控储”模式:以四川普光气田为例[J].地质学报,2010,84(8):1087-1094.MA Yongsheng,CAI Xunyu,ZHAO Peirong,et al. Formation mechanism of deep-buried carbonate reservoir and its model of three-element controlling reservoir:a case study from the Puguang Oilfield in Sichuan[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,2010,84(8):1087-1094.
[8]云露,翟晓先.塔里木盆地塔深1井寒武系储层与成藏特征探讨[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,29(6):726-732.YUN Lu,ZHAI Xiaoxian. Discussion on characteristics of the Cambrian reservoirs and hydrocarbon accumulation in well Tashen-1,Tarim Basin[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2008,29(6):726-732.
[9]赵文智,沈安江,周进高,等.礁滩储集层类型、特征、成因及勘探意义:以塔里木和四川盆地为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(3):257-267.ZHAO Wenzhi,SHEN Anjiang,ZHOU Jingao,et al.Types,characteristics,origin and exploration significance of reef-shoal reservoirs:a case study of Tarim Basin,NW China and Sichuan Basin,SW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(3):257-267.
[10]高志前,樊太亮,焦志峰,等.塔里木盆地寒武—奥陶系碳酸盐岩台地样式及其沉积响应特征[J].沉积学报,2006,24(1):19-27.GAO Zhiqian,FAN Tailiang,JIAO Zhifeng,et a1.The structural types and depositional characteristics of carbonate platform in the Cambrian-Ordovician of Tarim Basin[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2006,24(1):19-27.
[11]任延广,张君龙,齐景顺,等.塔东地区寒武—奥陶系碳酸盐岩沉积特征及演化规律[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2014,33(5):103-110.REN Yanguang,ZHANG Junlong,QI Jingshun,et al. Sedimentary characteristics and evolution laws of Cambrian-Ordovician carbonate rocks in Tadong region[J]. Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing,2014,33(5):103-110.
[12]高志前,樊太亮,李岩,等.塔里木盆地寒武系—奥陶系烃源岩发育模式及分布规律[J].现代地质,2006,20(1):69-76.GAO Zhiqian,FAN Tailiang,LI Yan,et a1.Development pattern and distribution rule of source rock of Cambrian-Ordovician in Tarim Basin[J].Geoscience,2006,20(1):69-76.
[13]王铁冠,宋到福,李美俊,等.塔里木盆地顺南—古城地区奥陶系鹰山组天然气气源与深层天然气勘探前景[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(6):753-762.WANG Tieguan,SONG Daofu,LI Meijun,et al. Natural gas source and deep gas exploration potential of the Ordovician Yingshan Formation in the Shunnan-Gucheng region,Tarim Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2014,35(6):753-762.
[14]赵文智,王兆云,王红军,等.再论有机质“接力成气”的内涵与意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2011,38(2):129-135.ZHAO Wenzhi,WANG Zhaoyun,WANG Hongjun,et al.Further discussion on the connotation and significance of the natural gas relaying generation model from organic materials[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2011,38(2):129-135.
[15] KAUFMAN A J,KNOLL A H.Neoproterozoic variations in the C-isotopic composition of seawater:stratigraphic and biogeochemical implications[J]. Precambrian Research,1995,73(1/4):27-49.
[16] HOFFMAN A,GRUSZCZYNSKI M,MALKOWSKI K.On the interrelationship between temporal trends inδ13C,δ18O,andδ34S in the world ocean[J].The Journal Geology,1991,99(3):355-370.
[17]邢舟,王军,王志强,等.自然伽马能谱测井在碳酸盐岩储层的地质应用[J].石油天然气学报,2005,27(6):743-745.XING Zhou,WANG Jun,WANG Zhiqiang,et al.Natural gamma ray spectrometry logging geological application in carbonate reservoirs[J]. Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2005,27(6):743-745.
[18]王永炜,李荣西,高胜利,等.渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷湖相碳酸盐岩微量元素特征及沉积环境[J].石油实验地质,2017,39(6):849-857.WANG Yongwei,LI Rongxi,GAO Shengli,et a1. Trace element characteristics and sedimentary environment of lacustrine carbonate rocks in the Huanghua Depression,Bohai Bay Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2017,39(6):849-857.
[19]朱光有,张水昌,梁英波,等.TSR对深部碳酸盐岩储层的溶蚀改造:四川盆地深部碳酸盐岩优质储层形成的重要方式[J].岩石学报,2006,22(8):2182-2194.ZHU Guangyou,ZHANG Shuichang,LIANG Yingbo,et al. Dissolution and alteration of the deep carbonate reservoirs by TSR:an important type of deep-buried high-quality carbonate reservoirs in Sichuan Basin[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica,2006,22(8):2182-2194.
[20] RUFFELL A,WORDEN R.Palaeoclimate analysis using spectral gamma-ray data from the Aptian(Cretaceous)of southern England and southern France[J]. Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,2000,155(3/4):265-283.
[21]刘宏,谭秀成,周彦,等.颗粒碳酸盐岩测井相及其对滩相储层的指示意义[J].天然气地球科学,2007,18(4):527-530.LIU Hong,TAN Xiucheng,ZHOU Yan,et al. Logging facies of granular carbonate rocks and its implication on reservoir evaluation[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2007,18(4):527-530.
[22]张君龙.碳酸盐岩层序沉积演化及海平面的控制作用:以塔里木盆地古城地区奥陶系为例[J].天然气工业,2017,37(1):46-53.ZHANG Junlong.Carbonate sequence sedimentary evolution and control of sea level:a case study of Ordovician in the Gucheng area,Tarim Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(1):46-53.
[23]何登发,贾承造,李德生,等.塔里木多旋回叠合盆地的形成与演化[J].石油与天然气地质,2005,26(1):64-77.HE Dengfa,JIA Chengzao,LI Desheng,et a1. Formation and evolution of polycyclic superimposed Tarim Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2005,26(1):64-77.
[24]张光亚,赵文智,王红军,等.塔里木盆地多旋回构造演化与复合含油气系统[J].石油与天然气地质,2007,28(5):653-663.ZHANG Guangya,ZHAO Wenzhi,WANG Hongjun,et a1.Multicycle tectonic evolution and composite petroleum systems in the Tarim Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2007,28(5):653-663.