塔里木盆地满西地区寒武系台缘带分段演化特征及其对生储盖组合的影响
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摘要
满西台缘带位于塔里木盆地满加尔凹陷西缘,是寒武纪—奥陶纪以来持续发育的大型碳酸盐岩台地边缘。近年来,有多口井在该带见到良好的油气显示,但至今没有获得油气勘探突破,生储盖组合配置条件是制约寒武系台缘带油气勘探成功的关键。通过对台缘带地震反射结构特征和迁移叠置样式分析,将满西寒武系台缘带划分为3段,并对其进行了分段沉积演化分析,指出差异构造沉降和相对海平面变化是控制台缘带差异演化的主要因素。在台缘带分段沉积演化分析的基础上,探讨了满西台缘带分段生储盖组合配置条件的差异,指出北段(轮南地区)膏云岩覆盖的下寒武统缓坡滩生储盖组合配置条件优,是最有利的勘探区,南段(古城地区)致密灰岩覆盖的上寒武统台缘礁滩体生储盖组合条件次之,是较有利的勘探区。
Manxi platform margin is located in the western edge of the Manjiaer Depression,Tarim Basin.It has been a large carbonate platform margin since Cambrian-Ordovician.In recent years,rich oil and gas shows have been found in the wells drilled in the platform margin.However,up to now,no exploration breakthrough has been achieved.The reason for this is that the reservoir-cap combination conditions are unclear which restricts the success of oil and gas exploration.In this paper,by analyzing the characteristics of seismic reflection structures and seismic stacking patterns,the Cambrian platform margin in Manxi is divided into 3 segments,and a sectional sedimentary evolution analysis is performed.It is pointed out that the differential tectonic subsidence and relative sea level changes are the major factors controlling the differential evolution of the platform margin.Based on the analysis of the differential sedimentary evolution of the platform margin,the differences of the source-reservoir-cap combination conditions in the different segment of the platform margin are discussed.It is pointed out that the Lower Cambrian gentle slope beach covered by occult dolomite in Lunnan area is the most favorable exploration target.The upper Cambrian platform margin reef bank covered by tight limestone in Gucheng area is the second,which is a more favorable prospecting target.This study provides beneficial geological supports for the oil and gas exploration in Manxi area.
Manxi platform margin is located in the western edge of the Manjiaer Depression,Tarim Basin.It has been a large carbonate platform margin since Cambrian-Ordovician.In recent years,rich oil and gas shows have been found in the wells drilled in the platform margin.However,up to now,no exploration breakthrough has been achieved.The reason for this is that the reservoir-cap combination conditions are unclear which restricts the success of oil and gas exploration.In this paper,by analyzing the characteristics of seismic reflection structures and seismic stacking patterns,the Cambrian platform margin in Manxi is divided into 3 segments,and a sectional sedimentary evolution analysis is performed.It is pointed out that the differential tectonic subsidence and relative sea level changes are the major factors controlling the differential evolution of the platform margin.Based on the analysis of the differential sedimentary evolution of the platform margin,the differences of the source-reservoir-cap combination conditions in the different segment of the platform margin are discussed.It is pointed out that the Lower Cambrian gentle slope beach covered by occult dolomite in Lunnan area is the most favorable exploration target.The upper Cambrian platform margin reef bank covered by tight limestone in Gucheng area is the second,which is a more favorable prospecting target.This study provides beneficial geological supports for the oil and gas exploration in Manxi area.
引文
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[8]Li Baohua,Deng Shibiao,Chen Yongquan,et al.The reservoir modeling of platform margindolostone of Xiaoerblak Formation,Lower Cambrian,Kalpinarea,Tarim Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(7):1233-1244.李保华,邓世彪,陈永权等.塔里木盆地柯坪地区下寒武统台缘相白云岩储层建模[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(7):1233-1244.
[9]Liu Cunge,Li Guorong,Luo Peng,et al.Seismic sequences,evolution and control factors of large Cambrian progradational platform-slope system in the northern Tarim Basin,northwest China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2016,90(4):669-687.刘存革,李国蓉,罗鹏,等.塔里木盆地北部寒武系大型进积型台地—斜坡地震层序、演化与控制因素[J].地质学报,2016,90(4):669-687.
[10]Meng Xiangjie,Gao Zhiqian,Fan Tailiang,et al.Structural characteristics of carbonate platform margins in Lower-Middle Ordovician of Tarim Basin and related hydrocarbon implication[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2015,36(3):293-298.孟祥杰,高志前,樊太亮,等.塔里木盆地中—下奥陶统台缘结构特征及油气指示意义[J].新疆石油地质,2015,36(3):293-298.
[11]Read J F.Carbonate platform facies models[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,1985,69:1-21.
[12]Sarg J F.Carbonate sequence stratigraphy[J].SEPM Special Publication,1988,42:155-181.
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[14]Feng Xukui,Liu Yongbin,Han Changwei,et al.Sinian rift valley development characteristics in Tarim Basin and its guidance on hydrocarbon exploration[J].Petroleum Geology and Engineering,2015,29(2):5-10.冯许魁,刘永彬,韩长伟,等.塔里木盆地震旦系裂谷发育特征及其对油气勘探的指导意义[J].石油地质与工程,2015,29(2):5-10.
[15]Guan Shuwei,Wu Lin,Ren Rong,et al.Distribution and petroleum prospect of Precambrian rifts in the main cratons,China[J].Acta Petroleum Sinica,2017,38(1):9-22.管树巍,吴林,任荣,等.中国主要克拉通前寒武纪裂谷分布与油气勘探前景[J].石油学报,2017,38(1):9-22.
[16]Wu Lin,Guan Shuwei,Yang Haijun,et al.The paleogeographic framework and hydrocarbon exploration potential of Neoproterozoic rift basin in northern Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petroleum Sinica,2017,38(4):375-385.吴林,管树巍,杨海军,等.塔里木北部新元古代裂谷盆地古地理格局与油气勘探潜力[J].石油学报,2017,38(4):375-385.
[17]Chen Yongquan,Yan Wei,Han Chanwei,et al.Redefinition on structural paleogeography and lithofacies paleogeography framework from Cambrian to Early Ordovician in the Tarim Basin:A new approach based on seismic stratigraphy evidence[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(10):1831-1843.陈永权,严威,韩长伟,等.塔里木盆地寒武纪—早奥陶世构造古地理与岩相古地理格局再厘定——基于地震证据的新认识[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(10):1831-1843.
[18]Pan Wenqing,Chen Yongquan,Xiong Yixue,et al.Sedimentaryfacies research andimplications to advantaged exploration regions on Lower Cambrian source rocks,Tarim Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(7):1224-1232.潘文庆,陈永权,熊益学,等.塔里木盆地下寒武统烃源岩沉积相研究及其油气勘探指导意义[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(7):1224-1232.
[19]Zhang Haikun,Zhou Shixin,Fu Deliang,et al.Petroleum phase state prediction in deep reservoir of Tashen-1Well in Tarim Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2013,24(5):999-1004.张海坤,周世新,付德亮,等.塔里木盆地塔深1井深层油气相态预测[J].天然气地球科学,2013,24(5):999-1004.
[20]Wang Kun,Liu Wei,Huang Qingyu,et al.Development characteristics and evolution of the Cambrian sedimentary system in Tazhong and Gucheng area,Tarim Basin[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2015,34(6):116-124.王坤,刘伟,黄擎宇,等.塔里木盆地塔中—古城地区寒武系沉积体系发育特征与演化[J].地质科技情报,2015,34(6):116-124.
[2]Yun Lu,Zhai Xiaoxian.Discussion on characteristics of the Cambrian reservoirs and hydrocarbon accumulation in Well Tashen1,Tarim Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2008,29(6):726-732.云露,翟晓先.塔里木盆地塔深1井寒武系储层与成藏特征探讨[J].石油与天然气地质,2008,29(6):726-732.
[3]Zhu Changjian,Xiao Zhongyao,Zhang Baomin,et al.Upper Cambrian-Ordovician reservoir characteristicsin Well Gucheng-4area,Tarim Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2008,35(2):175-181.朱长见,肖中尧,张宝民,等.塔里木盆地古城4井区上寒武统—奥陶系储集层特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(2):175-181.
[4]Yang Haijun.Exploration knowledge and direction of Lower Proterozoic inner dolostons,Tarim Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(7):1213-1223.杨海军.塔里木盆地下古生界内幕白云岩勘探认识与勘探方向[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(7):1213-1223.
[5]Gao Zhiqian,Fan Tailiang,Yang Weihong,et al.Structure characteristica and evolution of the eopaleozoic Carbonate platform in Tarim Basin[J].Journal of Jinlin University:Earth Science Edition,2012,42(3):657-665.高志前,樊太亮,杨伟红,等.塔里木盆地下古生界碳酸盐岩台缘结构特征及其演化[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2012,42(3):657-665.
[6]Ni Xinfeng,Shen Anjiang,Chen Yongquan,et al.Cambrian carbonate platform types,platform margin segmentation characteristics and exploration enlightenment in Tarim Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoseience,2015,26(7):1245-1255.倪新锋,沈安江,陈永权,等.塔里木盆地寒武系碳酸盐岩台地类型、台缘分段特征及勘探启示[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(7):1245-1255.
[7]Xiong Yixue,Chen Yongquan,Guan Baozhu,et al.Distribution of northern platform margin and implications to favorable exploration regions on Lower Cambrian Xiaoerbulake Formation,Tarim Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinca,2015,33(2):408-415.熊益学,陈永权,关宝珠,等.塔里木盆地下寒武统肖尔布拉克组北部台缘带展布及其油气勘探意义[J].沉积学报,2015,33(2):408-415.
[8]Li Baohua,Deng Shibiao,Chen Yongquan,et al.The reservoir modeling of platform margindolostone of Xiaoerblak Formation,Lower Cambrian,Kalpinarea,Tarim Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(7):1233-1244.李保华,邓世彪,陈永权等.塔里木盆地柯坪地区下寒武统台缘相白云岩储层建模[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(7):1233-1244.
[9]Liu Cunge,Li Guorong,Luo Peng,et al.Seismic sequences,evolution and control factors of large Cambrian progradational platform-slope system in the northern Tarim Basin,northwest China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2016,90(4):669-687.刘存革,李国蓉,罗鹏,等.塔里木盆地北部寒武系大型进积型台地—斜坡地震层序、演化与控制因素[J].地质学报,2016,90(4):669-687.
[10]Meng Xiangjie,Gao Zhiqian,Fan Tailiang,et al.Structural characteristics of carbonate platform margins in Lower-Middle Ordovician of Tarim Basin and related hydrocarbon implication[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2015,36(3):293-298.孟祥杰,高志前,樊太亮,等.塔里木盆地中—下奥陶统台缘结构特征及油气指示意义[J].新疆石油地质,2015,36(3):293-298.
[11]Read J F.Carbonate platform facies models[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,1985,69:1-21.
[12]Sarg J F.Carbonate sequence stratigraphy[J].SEPM Special Publication,1988,42:155-181.
[13]Tucker M E,Wright V P,Dickson J A D.Carbonate Sedimentology[M].Oxford:Blackwell Publishing Company,1990:1-482.
[14]Feng Xukui,Liu Yongbin,Han Changwei,et al.Sinian rift valley development characteristics in Tarim Basin and its guidance on hydrocarbon exploration[J].Petroleum Geology and Engineering,2015,29(2):5-10.冯许魁,刘永彬,韩长伟,等.塔里木盆地震旦系裂谷发育特征及其对油气勘探的指导意义[J].石油地质与工程,2015,29(2):5-10.
[15]Guan Shuwei,Wu Lin,Ren Rong,et al.Distribution and petroleum prospect of Precambrian rifts in the main cratons,China[J].Acta Petroleum Sinica,2017,38(1):9-22.管树巍,吴林,任荣,等.中国主要克拉通前寒武纪裂谷分布与油气勘探前景[J].石油学报,2017,38(1):9-22.
[16]Wu Lin,Guan Shuwei,Yang Haijun,et al.The paleogeographic framework and hydrocarbon exploration potential of Neoproterozoic rift basin in northern Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petroleum Sinica,2017,38(4):375-385.吴林,管树巍,杨海军,等.塔里木北部新元古代裂谷盆地古地理格局与油气勘探潜力[J].石油学报,2017,38(4):375-385.
[17]Chen Yongquan,Yan Wei,Han Chanwei,et al.Redefinition on structural paleogeography and lithofacies paleogeography framework from Cambrian to Early Ordovician in the Tarim Basin:A new approach based on seismic stratigraphy evidence[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(10):1831-1843.陈永权,严威,韩长伟,等.塔里木盆地寒武纪—早奥陶世构造古地理与岩相古地理格局再厘定——基于地震证据的新认识[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(10):1831-1843.
[18]Pan Wenqing,Chen Yongquan,Xiong Yixue,et al.Sedimentaryfacies research andimplications to advantaged exploration regions on Lower Cambrian source rocks,Tarim Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(7):1224-1232.潘文庆,陈永权,熊益学,等.塔里木盆地下寒武统烃源岩沉积相研究及其油气勘探指导意义[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(7):1224-1232.
[19]Zhang Haikun,Zhou Shixin,Fu Deliang,et al.Petroleum phase state prediction in deep reservoir of Tashen-1Well in Tarim Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2013,24(5):999-1004.张海坤,周世新,付德亮,等.塔里木盆地塔深1井深层油气相态预测[J].天然气地球科学,2013,24(5):999-1004.
[20]Wang Kun,Liu Wei,Huang Qingyu,et al.Development characteristics and evolution of the Cambrian sedimentary system in Tazhong and Gucheng area,Tarim Basin[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2015,34(6):116-124.王坤,刘伟,黄擎宇,等.塔里木盆地塔中—古城地区寒武系沉积体系发育特征与演化[J].地质科技情报,2015,34(6):116-124.