基于韧性理论的丘陵岗地雨洪管理模式建构研究
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摘要
【目的】基于韧性理论构建丘陵岗地雨洪管理模式,计算研究区的承洪能力并提出相应的雨洪管理构建模式。【方法】根据演进韧性理论结合仿生学原理,选取南京栖霞山东片丘陵岗地为研究区,借助GIS空间分析计算,利用矢量地形数据,对其地形地貌、坡度、坡向、流向和汇水进行分析,提取自然洪泛区范围,在此基础上进行雨洪格局的划分。【结果】研究区洪泛区内可洪泛地约32.57 hm2,地表可洪泛比为55.38%,虽可浸性较高,滞渗能力较强,但可洪泛地分布较分散,连续性较弱,因此对雨洪的转移能力较差。基于此,创建了具有丘陵岗地特色的"掌状复叶"结构的雨洪管理模式,即适用于丘陵岗地的三级"脉序"结构的径流网络、三级"基部"结构的汇水中心和三级"叶肉"结构的自然洪泛区的雨洪管理模式;提出了研究区内三级径流网络、三级汇水中心和三级自然洪泛保护区的"掌状复叶"结构的韧性雨洪管理格局。【结论】基于韧性理论的丘陵岗地"掌状复叶"结构雨洪管理模式可以有效渗透、转移和控制雨洪,有利于保护丘陵岗地的生态系统,可为构建类似地形地貌区的城市雨洪管理模式提供参考。
【Objective】The objective of the present study is to construct hilly mountain land stormwater management mode based on the resilience theory,to calculate the bearing ability of flood and put forward the corresponding mode of stormwater management.【Method】Based on the evolution resilience theory and bionics principles,vector terrain data was used to analyze the topography,slope,slope direction,flow direction and confluence with the help of GIS spatial analysis. Then,the natural flooding area was drawn. Furthermore,the stormwater pattern was obtained. 【Results】The floodable land in the researching area was about 32.57 hm2 with the surface flooding ratio of 55.38%. Despite the strong floodability and seepage-ability,the rainfall flood transferring ability was weak for the floodable land was mostly scattered with weak continuity. On this basis,a robust stormwater management mechanism mode of "palmately compound leaves "structure with hilly mountain features was constructed. The stormwater management pattern in natural flooding area with runoff networks of tertiary"venation"structure,catchment centers of tertiary"base"structure and natural floodplains of tertiary "mesophy"structure was developed which is suitable for the area of hilly mountain. The management pattern for the "palmately compound leaf"structure of the tertiary runoff network,the tertiary water transfer center and the tertiary natural flood protection zone was put forward. 【Conclusion】Based on the resilience theory,the hilly mountain"palmate compound structure"stormwater management mode was conducive to the effective penetrating,transferring,stormwater controlling and the protection of the ecosystem in the hilly mountain area. The results could provide references for the stormwater management mode construction in areas with similar features.
【Objective】The objective of the present study is to construct hilly mountain land stormwater management mode based on the resilience theory,to calculate the bearing ability of flood and put forward the corresponding mode of stormwater management.【Method】Based on the evolution resilience theory and bionics principles,vector terrain data was used to analyze the topography,slope,slope direction,flow direction and confluence with the help of GIS spatial analysis. Then,the natural flooding area was drawn. Furthermore,the stormwater pattern was obtained. 【Results】The floodable land in the researching area was about 32.57 hm2 with the surface flooding ratio of 55.38%. Despite the strong floodability and seepage-ability,the rainfall flood transferring ability was weak for the floodable land was mostly scattered with weak continuity. On this basis,a robust stormwater management mechanism mode of "palmately compound leaves "structure with hilly mountain features was constructed. The stormwater management pattern in natural flooding area with runoff networks of tertiary"venation"structure,catchment centers of tertiary"base"structure and natural floodplains of tertiary "mesophy"structure was developed which is suitable for the area of hilly mountain. The management pattern for the "palmately compound leaf"structure of the tertiary runoff network,the tertiary water transfer center and the tertiary natural flood protection zone was put forward. 【Conclusion】Based on the resilience theory,the hilly mountain"palmate compound structure"stormwater management mode was conducive to the effective penetrating,transferring,stormwater controlling and the protection of the ecosystem in the hilly mountain area. The results could provide references for the stormwater management mode construction in areas with similar features.
引文
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[20]唐晓岚,杜瑶.干旱区生态治理及绿色基础设施构建——以新疆塔里木河下游为例[J].干旱区研究,2011,28(3):413-420.DOI:10.13866/j.azr.2011.03.006.TANG X L,DU Y.Study on ecological management and building of green infrastructure in arid area:a case study in the lower reaches of the Tarim River[J].Arid Zone Research,2011,28(3):413-420.
[21]徐海顺,蔡永立,张秋卓.自然坑塘对夏季降雨径流污染的截流净化效果[J].环境科学与技术,2013,36(3):105-110.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-6504.2013.03.023.XU H S,CAI Y L,ZHANG Z Q.Retention and purification of pollution from summer rainfall runoff using natural ponds[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2013,36(3):105-110.
[22]陈晓燕,张娜,吴芳芳,等.雨洪管理模型SWMM的原理、参数和应用[J].中国给水排水,2013,29(4):4-7.CHEN X Y,ZHANG N,WU F F,et al.Storm water management model(SWMM):principles,parameters and applications[J].China Water&Wastewater,2013,29(4):4-7.
[23]肖以恒,杨春霞,刘爵瑶,等.基于GIS支持下福州景观格局与地表径流量关系研究[J].水电能源科学,2017,35(6):14-18.XIAO Y H,YANG C X,LIU JY,et al.Relationship between landscape pattern and surface runoff in Fuzhou based on GIS[J].Water Resources and Power,2017,35(6):14-18.
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[27]廖桂贤,林贺佳,汪洋.城市韧性承洪理论——另一种规划实践的基础[J].国际城市规划,2015,17(4):48.LIAO G X,LIN H J,WANG Y.A theory on urban resilience to floods:a basis for alternative planning practices[J].International Urban Planning,2015,17(4):48.
[2]黄国如,王欣.基于城市雨洪模型的市政排水与水利排涝标准衔接研究[J].水资源保护,2017,33(2):1-5.HUANG G R,WANG X.Study on standard syntax is of urban drainage between pipe and river based on urban storm flood models[J].Water Resources Protection,2017,33(2):1-5.
[3]车武,李俊奇,张雅君.中国的水资源危机及其对策[J].北京建筑工程学院学报,2001,17(3):4-7.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-6011.2001.03.002.CHE W,LI J Q,ZHANG Y J.The crisis and countermeasures of china water resource[J].Journal of Beijing Institute of Civil Engineering and Architecture,2001,17(3):4-7.
[4]陈卫,孙文全,孙慧.城市雨水资源利用途径及其生态保护[J].中国给水排水,2000,16(6):26-27.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-4602.2000.06.008.CHEN W,SUN W Q,SUN H.Utilization of urban rainwater resources and protection of ecological system[J].China Water&Wastewater,2000,16(6):26-27.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-4602.2000.06.008.
[5]王波,崔玲.从“资源视角”论城市雨水利用[J].城市问题,2003(3):50-53.
[6]BIRKLAND T A,BURBY R J,CONRAD D,et al.River ecology and flood Hazard Mitigation[J].Natural Hazards Review,2003,4(1):46-54.DOI:10.1061/(asce)1527-6988(2003)4:1(46).
[7]莫琳,俞孔坚.构建城市绿色海绵——生态雨洪调蓄系统规划研究[J].城市发展研究,2012(5):4-8.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-3862.2012.05.022.MO L,YU K J.Structure the urban green sponge:study on planning an ecological storm water regulation system[J].Urban Development Research,2012(5):4-8.
[8]贾绍凤.我国城市雨洪管理近期应以防涝达标为重点[J].水资源保护,2017,33(2):13-15.JIA S F.China should prioritize water logging prevention for recent urban storm water management[J].Water Resources Protection,2017,33(2):13-15.
[9]ALEXANDER D E.Resilience and disaster risk reduction:an etymological journey[J].Natural Hazards and Earth System Science,2013,13(11):2707-2716.DOI:10.5194/nhess-13-2707-2013.
[10]HOLLING C S.Resilience and stability of ecological systems[J].Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,1973,4(1):1-23.DOI:10.1146/annurev.es.04.110173.000245.
[11]俞孔坚,许涛,李迪华,等.城市水系统弹性研究进展[J].城市规划学刊,2015(1):75-83.DOI:10.16361/j.upf.201501011.YU K J,XU T,LI D H,et al.A review:urban water resilience[J].Urban Planning Forum,2015(1):75-83.
[12]HOLLING C S.Engineering resilience versus ecological resilience[C]//Engineering within ecological constraints.Newyork:National Academies Press,1996.
[13]SIMMIE J,MARTIN R.The economic resilience of regions:towards an evolutionary approach[J].Cambridge Journal of Regions,Economy and Society,2010,3(1):27-43.DOI:10.1093/cjres/rsp029.
[14]FOLKE C,CARPENTER S R,WALKER B,et al.Resilience thinking:integrating resilience,adaptability and transformability[J].Ecology and Society,2010,15(4):20.DOI:10.5751/ES-03610-150420.
[15]WALKER B,HOLLING C S,CARPENTER S R,et al.Resilience,adaptability and transformability in Social-Ecological Systems[J].Ecology and Society,2004,9(2):5.DOI:10.5751/es-00650-090205.
[16]FOLKE C.Resilience:the emergence of a perspective for SocialEcological Systems analyses[J].Global Environmental Change,2006,16(3):253-267.DOI:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.04.002.
[17]HOLLING C S,GUNDERSON L H.Resilience and adaptive cycles[C]//Panarchy:understanding transformations in human and natural systems.Washington D C:Island Press,2001:25-62.DOI:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2004.01.010.
[18]CARPENTER S R,WESTLEY F,TURNER M.Surrogates for resilience of Social-Ecological Systems[J].Ecosystems,2005,8(8):941-944.DOI:10.1007/s10021-005-0170-y.
[19]LEOPOLD L B.Flood hydrology and the flood plain[J].Journal of Contemporary Water Research&Education,2011(94/95):11-14.(2017-05-20)http://opensice.lib.siu.edu/cg/viewcontent.cgi?article=1394&context=jcwre.
[20]唐晓岚,杜瑶.干旱区生态治理及绿色基础设施构建——以新疆塔里木河下游为例[J].干旱区研究,2011,28(3):413-420.DOI:10.13866/j.azr.2011.03.006.TANG X L,DU Y.Study on ecological management and building of green infrastructure in arid area:a case study in the lower reaches of the Tarim River[J].Arid Zone Research,2011,28(3):413-420.
[21]徐海顺,蔡永立,张秋卓.自然坑塘对夏季降雨径流污染的截流净化效果[J].环境科学与技术,2013,36(3):105-110.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-6504.2013.03.023.XU H S,CAI Y L,ZHANG Z Q.Retention and purification of pollution from summer rainfall runoff using natural ponds[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2013,36(3):105-110.
[22]陈晓燕,张娜,吴芳芳,等.雨洪管理模型SWMM的原理、参数和应用[J].中国给水排水,2013,29(4):4-7.CHEN X Y,ZHANG N,WU F F,et al.Storm water management model(SWMM):principles,parameters and applications[J].China Water&Wastewater,2013,29(4):4-7.
[23]肖以恒,杨春霞,刘爵瑶,等.基于GIS支持下福州景观格局与地表径流量关系研究[J].水电能源科学,2017,35(6):14-18.XIAO Y H,YANG C X,LIU JY,et al.Relationship between landscape pattern and surface runoff in Fuzhou based on GIS[J].Water Resources and Power,2017,35(6):14-18.
[24]杨俊宴,陆小波.一种基于山地汇水计算的山脚水面规模分析方法:CN 201610404346[P].2016.
[25]ANDERSON M G,WALLING D R,BATES P.Flood plain processes[M].Chichester UK:John Wiley&Sons,1996.
[26]BENNETT E M,GUMMING G S,PETERSON G D.A system model approach to determining resilience surrogates for case studies[J].Ecosystems,2005,8(8):945-957.DOI:10.1007/S10021-005-0141-3.
[27]廖桂贤,林贺佳,汪洋.城市韧性承洪理论——另一种规划实践的基础[J].国际城市规划,2015,17(4):48.LIAO G X,LIN H J,WANG Y.A theory on urban resilience to floods:a basis for alternative planning practices[J].International Urban Planning,2015,17(4):48.