高精度组合式轻便小型可控震源的研究
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摘要
由于自动控制、信号叠加等技术的不断发展,使得可控震源不断完善,成为我国地震勘探的重要手段之一.高精度组合式轻便小型可控震源是地震勘探中用于浅层地震勘探的一种高精度的激振设备,其组合安装模式适合于特殊复杂的野外环境,可以实现流动野外地震观测,能够产生高重复性,高精度的叠加信号,弥补了炸药震源在地表条件差及城市环保区无法施工的缺陷,在中浅层勘探中取得了较好的效果.发展适用于中浅层地震勘测的高精度轻便小型可控震源应用于地震野外勘探,也适应了当前技术及市场的需求.本文从工作原理、系统构成和结构特点等角度对高精度组合式轻便小型可控震源进行了初步的研究,并针对野外的数据验证其可靠性和实用性.
Due to the steady development of automatic control and signal superimposed technology,the vibrator is becoming one of the most important methods in seismic exploration.The high-precision modular lightweight small vibrator is a kind of high precision excitation equipment used for seismic exploration in the shallow subsurface.Its combination mode is suitable for complex environments,generating reproducible and high precision superposed signals.Under poor surface conditions or in environmental protection areas,this lightweight vibrator can take the place of explosion sources and achieve good results in shallow exploration.Therefore,developing the high-precision lightweight vibrator for shallow seismic exploration is adapted to the needs of current technology and market.This paper presents a preliminary research from the perspective of working principle,system composition and structural features of the high-precision modular lightweight vibrator.Field tests have verified its reliability and practicality.
Due to the steady development of automatic control and signal superimposed technology,the vibrator is becoming one of the most important methods in seismic exploration.The high-precision modular lightweight small vibrator is a kind of high precision excitation equipment used for seismic exploration in the shallow subsurface.Its combination mode is suitable for complex environments,generating reproducible and high precision superposed signals.Under poor surface conditions or in environmental protection areas,this lightweight vibrator can take the place of explosion sources and achieve good results in shallow exploration.Therefore,developing the high-precision lightweight vibrator for shallow seismic exploration is adapted to the needs of current technology and market.This paper presents a preliminary research from the perspective of working principle,system composition and structural features of the high-precision modular lightweight vibrator.Field tests have verified its reliability and practicality.
引文
[1]葛洪魁,林建民,王宝善等.编码震源提高地震探测能力的野外实验研究.地球物理学报,2006,49(3):864-870.Ge H K,Lin J M,Wang B S,et al.A field experiment study of improving the seismic detectability with coded source.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(3):864-870.
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[4]金念.夯击震源地震勘探关键技术研究[硕士学位论文].吉林:吉林大学,2006.Jin N.Study on the key technology of mini-sosie in seismic prospecting[Master′s thesis].Jilin:University of Jilin,2006.
[5]朱凯光,林君,韩悦慧等.基于神经网络的时间域直升机电磁数据电导率深度成像.地球物理学报,2010,53(3):743-750.Zhu K G,Lin J,Han Y H,et al.Research on conductivity depth imaging of time domain helicopter-borne electromagnetic data based on neural network.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(3):743-750.
[6]潘林峰,尚应军,张旭.电火花震源能量传输和释放系统的技术改造与应用.石油仪器,2009,23(2):34-38.Pan L F,Shang Y J,Zhang X.Technological transformation of the energy transfer and release system of the sparker.Petroleum Instruments(in Chinese),2009,23(2):34-38.
[7]南文海,丁志淦.可控震源发展中有关问题的探讨.物探装备,1999,9(2):26-29.Nan W H,Ding Z G.Discussion on the developing of vibroseis.Equipment for Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),1999,9(2):26-29.
[8]佟训乾,林君,姜弘.陆地可控震源发展综述.地球物理学进展,2012,27(5):1912-1921.Tong X Q,Lin J,Jiang H.Summary of development of land vibrator.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2012,27(5):1912-1921.
[9]左公宁.陆地电火花震源的特性及其应用.勘察科学技术,2003,1(1):55-60.Zuo G N.The properties and application of the land electric spark source.Site Investigation Science and Technology(in Chinese),2003,1(1):55-60.
[10]陈祖斌.电磁式可控震源相位自适应控制及可控震源系统研制[博士学位论文].吉林:吉林大学,2002.Chen Z B.Study on adaptive control for electro-dynamic vibroseis sweeping phase and the development of vibroseis[Ph.D,thesis](in Chinese).Jilin:University of Jilin,2002.
[11]林君.现代地球物理仪器的开发与应用.地质装备,2004,5(6):3-7.Li J.Development and its applications of morden geoscience instrumentation.Equipment for Geotechnical Engineering(in Chinese),2004,5(6):3-7.
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[13]邓东,李彩霞.I/O AHV-IV可控震源液压系统工作原理.物探设备,2004,14(3):217-221.Deng D,Li C X.Working principle of I/O AHV-IV vibroseis hydraulic system.Equipment for Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2004,14(3):217-221.
[14]王洪体,庄灿涛,薛兵等.精密主动地震监测.地球物理学报,2009,52(7):1808-1815.Wang H T,Zhuang C T,Xue B,et al.Precision and actively seismic monitoring.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(7):1808-1815.
[15]Li Z W,You Q Y,Ni S D,et al.Waveform retrieval and phase identification for seismic data from the CASS experiment.Pure and Applied Geophysics,2013,170(5):815-830.
[16]杨冬,姜弢.可控震源定向照明方法的仿真研究.地球物理学进展,2008,23(3):822-825.Yang D,Jiang T.Simulation on directional illumination method of controlled source array.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(3):822-825.
[17]林君,陈祖斌.电磁式大功率浅层地震可控震源系统.中国:发明专利,ZL 01128147,2001.Lin J,Chen Z.High-power electromagnetic system of shallow seismic vibrator(in Chiese).Chinese Patent:ZL01128147,2001.
[18]陆基孟,王永刚.地震勘探原理.北京:石油工业出版社,1987.Lu J M.Wang Y G.Principles of Seismic Exploration(in Chinese).Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1987.
[19]赵春蕾,刘光鼎,游庆瑜.轻便小型可控震源组合装置.中国:发明专利,ZL 01110122287.1,2012.Zhao C L,Liu G D.You Q Y.Scooter vibroseis combination device(in Chinese).Chinese Patent:ZL 01110122287.1,2012.
[20]林君,陈祖斌.可控震源-大地耦合模型研究.中国学术期刊文摘,1995,5(6):811-812.Lin J,Chen Z B.Study on modal on coupling for vibroseis with groud.Academic Periodical Abstracts of China(in Chinese),1995,5(6):811-812.
[21]王西文,赵邦六,吕焕通等.地震资料采集方式对地震处理的影响研究.地球物理学进展,2010,25(3):840-852.Wang X W,Zhao B L,Lu H T,et al.Study of seismic data processing method affected by method of acquisition.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2010,25(3):840-852.
[22]陈祖斌,滕吉文,林君等.电磁式可控震源-大地耦合过程中的非线性特征分析.中国科学(D辑:地球科学),2005,35(4):333-339.Chen Z B,Teng J W,Lin J,et al.The nonlinear characteristics of electromagnetic controllable focal earth coupling process analysis.Science in China Ser.D.Earth Science(in Chinese),2005,35(4):333-339.
[23]王世一.数字信号处理.北京:北京理工大学出版社,2003.Wang S Y.Digital Signal Processing(in Chinese):Beijing:Beijing Institute of Technology Press,2003.
[24]卫学忠,孙卫东.可控震源参数选择及在煤田勘探中的应用.山东地质,2000,(3):48-52.Wei X Z.Sun W D.Vibroseis parameter selection in coalfield exploration.Shandong Geological(in Chinese),2000,(3):48-52.
[25]张尉.利用小当量人工震源进行区域性深部探测的实验研究[博士学位论文].浙江:浙江大学,2008.Zhang W.The experiments ol using small artifical seismicsource to explore regional deep structure o1the earth[Ph.D,thesis](in Chinese).Zhejiang:University of Zhejiang,2008.
[26]陈义群,陈华.浅层地震探测的可控震源信号设计.地球物理学进展,2004,19(4):807-811.Chen Y Q,Chen H.The signal design of electrodynamic vibroseis for subsurface imaging.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2004,19(4):807-811.
[27]吴子泉,刘元生,刘保金等.地球物理方法在城市地震活动断层精确定位中的应用.地球物理学进展,2005,20(2):527-533.Wu Z Q,Liu Y S,Liu B J,et al.Application of geophysical method to the precise positioning of urban seismic mobile moving fault.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,20(2):527-533.
[28]彭建亮,彭真明,张杰等.基于分数域自适应滤波的地震信号去噪方法.地球物理学进展,2012,27(4):1730-1737.Peng J L,Peng Z M,Zhang J,et al.De-noising method of seismic signal based on adaptive filtering in fractional domain.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2012,27(4):1730-1737.
[2]蓝加达.可控震源非线性扫描在高分辨率地震采集中的应用.石油物探,2008,47(2):208-211.Lan J D.Application of vibroseis nonlinear sweep in high resolution seismic data acquisition in S area,Kazakstan.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),2008,47(2):208-211.
[3]尹昌兰.震源综述.中国煤田地质,1989,1(1):79-84.Yin C L.Vibrator summary.Coal Geology of China(in Chinese),1989,1(1):79-84.
[4]金念.夯击震源地震勘探关键技术研究[硕士学位论文].吉林:吉林大学,2006.Jin N.Study on the key technology of mini-sosie in seismic prospecting[Master′s thesis].Jilin:University of Jilin,2006.
[5]朱凯光,林君,韩悦慧等.基于神经网络的时间域直升机电磁数据电导率深度成像.地球物理学报,2010,53(3):743-750.Zhu K G,Lin J,Han Y H,et al.Research on conductivity depth imaging of time domain helicopter-borne electromagnetic data based on neural network.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(3):743-750.
[6]潘林峰,尚应军,张旭.电火花震源能量传输和释放系统的技术改造与应用.石油仪器,2009,23(2):34-38.Pan L F,Shang Y J,Zhang X.Technological transformation of the energy transfer and release system of the sparker.Petroleum Instruments(in Chinese),2009,23(2):34-38.
[7]南文海,丁志淦.可控震源发展中有关问题的探讨.物探装备,1999,9(2):26-29.Nan W H,Ding Z G.Discussion on the developing of vibroseis.Equipment for Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),1999,9(2):26-29.
[8]佟训乾,林君,姜弘.陆地可控震源发展综述.地球物理学进展,2012,27(5):1912-1921.Tong X Q,Lin J,Jiang H.Summary of development of land vibrator.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2012,27(5):1912-1921.
[9]左公宁.陆地电火花震源的特性及其应用.勘察科学技术,2003,1(1):55-60.Zuo G N.The properties and application of the land electric spark source.Site Investigation Science and Technology(in Chinese),2003,1(1):55-60.
[10]陈祖斌.电磁式可控震源相位自适应控制及可控震源系统研制[博士学位论文].吉林:吉林大学,2002.Chen Z B.Study on adaptive control for electro-dynamic vibroseis sweeping phase and the development of vibroseis[Ph.D,thesis](in Chinese).Jilin:University of Jilin,2002.
[11]林君.现代地球物理仪器的开发与应用.地质装备,2004,5(6):3-7.Li J.Development and its applications of morden geoscience instrumentation.Equipment for Geotechnical Engineering(in Chinese),2004,5(6):3-7.
[12]刘洪斌,陈如恒.地震勘探震源的历史与发展.石油机械,1997,25(8):43-52.Liu H B,Chen R H.Development of seismic source for geophysical exploration.China Petroleum Machinery(in Chinese),1997,25(8):43-52.
[13]邓东,李彩霞.I/O AHV-IV可控震源液压系统工作原理.物探设备,2004,14(3):217-221.Deng D,Li C X.Working principle of I/O AHV-IV vibroseis hydraulic system.Equipment for Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),2004,14(3):217-221.
[14]王洪体,庄灿涛,薛兵等.精密主动地震监测.地球物理学报,2009,52(7):1808-1815.Wang H T,Zhuang C T,Xue B,et al.Precision and actively seismic monitoring.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(7):1808-1815.
[15]Li Z W,You Q Y,Ni S D,et al.Waveform retrieval and phase identification for seismic data from the CASS experiment.Pure and Applied Geophysics,2013,170(5):815-830.
[16]杨冬,姜弢.可控震源定向照明方法的仿真研究.地球物理学进展,2008,23(3):822-825.Yang D,Jiang T.Simulation on directional illumination method of controlled source array.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2008,23(3):822-825.
[17]林君,陈祖斌.电磁式大功率浅层地震可控震源系统.中国:发明专利,ZL 01128147,2001.Lin J,Chen Z.High-power electromagnetic system of shallow seismic vibrator(in Chiese).Chinese Patent:ZL01128147,2001.
[18]陆基孟,王永刚.地震勘探原理.北京:石油工业出版社,1987.Lu J M.Wang Y G.Principles of Seismic Exploration(in Chinese).Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1987.
[19]赵春蕾,刘光鼎,游庆瑜.轻便小型可控震源组合装置.中国:发明专利,ZL 01110122287.1,2012.Zhao C L,Liu G D.You Q Y.Scooter vibroseis combination device(in Chinese).Chinese Patent:ZL 01110122287.1,2012.
[20]林君,陈祖斌.可控震源-大地耦合模型研究.中国学术期刊文摘,1995,5(6):811-812.Lin J,Chen Z B.Study on modal on coupling for vibroseis with groud.Academic Periodical Abstracts of China(in Chinese),1995,5(6):811-812.
[21]王西文,赵邦六,吕焕通等.地震资料采集方式对地震处理的影响研究.地球物理学进展,2010,25(3):840-852.Wang X W,Zhao B L,Lu H T,et al.Study of seismic data processing method affected by method of acquisition.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2010,25(3):840-852.
[22]陈祖斌,滕吉文,林君等.电磁式可控震源-大地耦合过程中的非线性特征分析.中国科学(D辑:地球科学),2005,35(4):333-339.Chen Z B,Teng J W,Lin J,et al.The nonlinear characteristics of electromagnetic controllable focal earth coupling process analysis.Science in China Ser.D.Earth Science(in Chinese),2005,35(4):333-339.
[23]王世一.数字信号处理.北京:北京理工大学出版社,2003.Wang S Y.Digital Signal Processing(in Chinese):Beijing:Beijing Institute of Technology Press,2003.
[24]卫学忠,孙卫东.可控震源参数选择及在煤田勘探中的应用.山东地质,2000,(3):48-52.Wei X Z.Sun W D.Vibroseis parameter selection in coalfield exploration.Shandong Geological(in Chinese),2000,(3):48-52.
[25]张尉.利用小当量人工震源进行区域性深部探测的实验研究[博士学位论文].浙江:浙江大学,2008.Zhang W.The experiments ol using small artifical seismicsource to explore regional deep structure o1the earth[Ph.D,thesis](in Chinese).Zhejiang:University of Zhejiang,2008.
[26]陈义群,陈华.浅层地震探测的可控震源信号设计.地球物理学进展,2004,19(4):807-811.Chen Y Q,Chen H.The signal design of electrodynamic vibroseis for subsurface imaging.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2004,19(4):807-811.
[27]吴子泉,刘元生,刘保金等.地球物理方法在城市地震活动断层精确定位中的应用.地球物理学进展,2005,20(2):527-533.Wu Z Q,Liu Y S,Liu B J,et al.Application of geophysical method to the precise positioning of urban seismic mobile moving fault.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2005,20(2):527-533.
[28]彭建亮,彭真明,张杰等.基于分数域自适应滤波的地震信号去噪方法.地球物理学进展,2012,27(4):1730-1737.Peng J L,Peng Z M,Zhang J,et al.De-noising method of seismic signal based on adaptive filtering in fractional domain.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),2012,27(4):1730-1737.