直流配电网失压时测量误差对暂态稳定性的影响分析
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摘要
直流配电网失压时为恢复电压换流站需输出尽可能多的功率,系统暂态稳定性处于临界状态,易受到测量误差的影响而失稳。为定量分析这种影响,针对计及测量误差的换流站本地控制,研究了电流内环控制精度的削弱和功率外环给出电流参考值的偏移,并据此提出了参考值保留裕度的修正方法,以避免其超出稳定范围。在此基础上,得到了换流站输出功率关于测量误差的灵敏度,用于估算恢复系统电压所需功率的损失。最后,通过PSCAD/EMTDC时域仿真对测量准确度与系统暂态稳定性之间的联系进行了验证,得到了预期的结果。
When voltage drop occurs in DC distribution network,the converter station should output power as much as possible,so as to recover the voltage.Thus,the system transient stability is critical,which is likely to lose stability because of measurement error.In order to analyze the effect,the measurement errors are considered in the local control.Then this paper analyzes the accuracy weakness of current inner loop control,and the deviation of current references provided by power outer loop.Accordingly,the strategy of reserving margin for the current reference is indicated to limit it in the stability range.Furthermore,the sensitivity of converter station power output to measurement error is deduced to estimate the loss of power required to recover the system voltage.Finally,the linkage between system transient stability and measurement accuracy is verified by time domain simulation on PSCAD/EMTDC,and the expected results are obtained.
When voltage drop occurs in DC distribution network,the converter station should output power as much as possible,so as to recover the voltage.Thus,the system transient stability is critical,which is likely to lose stability because of measurement error.In order to analyze the effect,the measurement errors are considered in the local control.Then this paper analyzes the accuracy weakness of current inner loop control,and the deviation of current references provided by power outer loop.Accordingly,the strategy of reserving margin for the current reference is indicated to limit it in the stability range.Furthermore,the sensitivity of converter station power output to measurement error is deduced to estimate the loss of power required to recover the system voltage.Finally,the linkage between system transient stability and measurement accuracy is verified by time domain simulation on PSCAD/EMTDC,and the expected results are obtained.
引文
[1]江道灼,郑欢.直流配电网研究现状与展望[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(8):98-104.JIANG Daozhuo,ZHENG Huan.Research status and developing prospect of DC distribution network[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2012,36(8):98-104.
[2]张聪,彭克,徐丙垠,等.直流配电系统潮流可行解与电压稳定性分析方法[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(14):48-53.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20171115002.ZHANG Cong,PENG Ke,XU Bingyin,et al.Feasible power flow solution and voltage stability analysis method for dc distribution system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(14):48-53.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20171115002.
[3]JIANG H,EKSTROM A.Multiterminal HVDC systems in urban areas of large city[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1998,13(4):1278-1284.
[4]姚钢,纪飞鹏,殷志柱,等.直流配电电能质量研究综述[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(16):163-170.YAO Gang,JI Feipeng,YAN Zhizhu,et al.Review on the research of DC power distribution power quality[J].Journal of Mechanical Electrical Engineering,2017,45(16):163-170.
[5]戴志辉,葛红波,严思齐,等.柔性直流配电网接地方式对故障特性的影响分析[J].电网技术,2017,41(7):2353-2364.DAI Zhihui,GE Hongbo,YAN Siqi,et al.Effects of grounding mode on fault characteristics in flexible DC distribution system[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,41(7):2353-2364.
[6]高一波,徐习东,金阳忻,等.交流侧接地故障对直流配电网电压平衡影响[J].电网技术,2014,38(10):2665-2670.GAO Yibo,XU Xidong,JIN Yangxin,et al.Impact on the voltage balancing of DC distribution network under AC side grounding fault[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(10):2665-2670.
[7]金阳忻.直流配网电压控制及电压稳定性研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2016:66-67.JIN Yangxin.Voltage control and its stability in DC distribution[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2016:66-67.
[8]刘洪涛.新型直流输电的控制和保护策略研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2003.LIU Hongtao.Study of control and protection strategies for VSC based HVDC system[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2003.
[9]李兴源,曾琦,王渝红,等.柔性直流输电系统控制研究综述[J].高电压技术,2016,42(10):3025-3037.LI Xingyuan,ZENG Qi,WANG Yuhong,et al.Control strategies of voltage source converter based direct current transmission system[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(10):3025-3037.
[10]朱瑞可,王渝红,李兴源,等.VSC-MTDC系统直流电压自适应斜率控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(4):63-68.ZHU Ruike,WANG Yuhong,LI Xingyuan,et al.An adaptive DC voltage droop control strategy for the VSC-MTDC system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(4):63-68.
[11]郭琦,郭海平,黄立滨.电网电压前馈对柔性直流输电在弱电网下的稳定性影响[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(14):139-144.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170817002.GUO Qi,GUO Haiping,HUANG Libin.Effect of grid voltage feed forward on VSC-HVDC stability in weak power grid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(14):139-144.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170817002.
[12]陈海荣,徐政.基于同步坐标变换的VSC-HVDC暂态模型及其控制器[J].电工技术学报,2007,22(2):121-126.CHEN Hairong,XU Zheng.Transient model and controller design for VSC-HVDC based on synchronous reference frame[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2007,22(2):121-126.
[13]金阳忻,徐习东,周金根.直流配网中换流站的电流限幅控制研究[J].机电工程,2016,33(4):470-475.JIN Yangxin,XU Xidong,ZHOU Jingen.Study of VSCcurrent limitation control in DC distribution[J].Journal of Mechanical Electrical Engineering,2016,33(4):470-475.
[14]李小建,钟尧,霍宏.数字高压表基本误差的确定方法探讨[J].高电压技术,2010,36(9):2352-2356.LI Xiaojian,ZHONG Yao,HUO Hong.Discussion on determination of basic error of digit high voltmeter[J].High Voltage Engineering,2010,36(9):2352-2356.
[15]王党树,王新霞.一种新型多功能智能型直流电压表的设计[J].计算机测量与控制,2014,22(1):300-302.WANG Dangshu,WANG Xinxia.Design of new type multifunction intelligent DC voltmeter[J].Computer Measurement&Control,2014,22(1):300-302.
[16]赵斌.电流表的温度补偿[J].物理实验,2003,23(7):34-36.ZHAO Bin.Temperature compensation of ammeter[J].Physics Experimentation,2003,23(7):34-36.
[17]测量不确定度评定与表示:JJF 1059.1-2012[S].2012.Evaluation and expression of uncertainty in measurement:JJF1059.1-2012[S].2012.
[18]通用计量术语及定义:JJF1001-2011[S].2011.General terms in metrology and their definitions:JJF1001-2011[S].2011.
[19]TRINH Q N,WANG Peng,TANG Yi,et al.Compensation of DC offset and scaling errors in voltage and current measurements of three-phase AC/DC converters[J].IEEETransactions on Power Electronics,2018,33(6):5401-5414.
[20]电流表、电压表、功率表及电阻表:JG 124-2005[S].2005.Amperemeters,voltmeters,wattmeters and ohmmeters:JG124-2005[S].2005.
[21]直流数字电压表及直流模数转换器:GB/T 14913-2008[S].2008.Digital electronic d.c.voltmeters and d.c.electronic analogueto-digital convertors:GB/T 14913-2008[S].2008.
[22]马为民.±800kV特高压直流系统换流器控制[J].高电压技术,2006,32(9):71-74.MA Weimin.Converter control in±800kV DC transmission system[J].High Voltage Engineering,2006,32(9):71-74.
[23]左煜,李欣然,宋军英.应用暂态稳定测度指标的参数灵敏度分析方法[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2016,28(12):77-82.ZUO Yu,LI Xinran,SONG Junying.Study on the influence of power system component parameters on transient stability[J].Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA,2016,28(12):77-82.
[24]李欣然,黄际元.基于灵敏度分析的储能电池参与二次调频控制策略[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(12):224-233.LI Xinran,HUANG Jiyuan.Battery energy storage control strategy in secondary frequency regulation considering its action moment and depth[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(12):224-233.
[25]汤广福.基于电压源换流器的高压直流输电技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2010:132-140.TANG Guangfu.High voltage DC transmission technology based on VSC[M].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2010:132-140.
[26]WANG Wenyuan,BEDDARD A,BARNES M,et al.Analysis of active power control for VSC-HVDC[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2014,29(4):1978-1988.
[27]STAMATIOU G,BONGIORNO M.Decentralized converter controller for multiterminal HVDC grids[C]//15th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications,September2-6,2013,Lille,France.
[28]黄健昂,魏承志,文安.计及源荷不确定性的柔性直流配电网分层协调控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(6):106-112.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170614011.HUANG Jian’ang,WEI Chengzhi,WEN An.Hierarchical coordinated control strategy for flexible DC distribution network considering uncertainties of source and load[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(6):106-112.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170614011.
[2]张聪,彭克,徐丙垠,等.直流配电系统潮流可行解与电压稳定性分析方法[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(14):48-53.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20171115002.ZHANG Cong,PENG Ke,XU Bingyin,et al.Feasible power flow solution and voltage stability analysis method for dc distribution system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(14):48-53.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20171115002.
[3]JIANG H,EKSTROM A.Multiterminal HVDC systems in urban areas of large city[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1998,13(4):1278-1284.
[4]姚钢,纪飞鹏,殷志柱,等.直流配电电能质量研究综述[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(16):163-170.YAO Gang,JI Feipeng,YAN Zhizhu,et al.Review on the research of DC power distribution power quality[J].Journal of Mechanical Electrical Engineering,2017,45(16):163-170.
[5]戴志辉,葛红波,严思齐,等.柔性直流配电网接地方式对故障特性的影响分析[J].电网技术,2017,41(7):2353-2364.DAI Zhihui,GE Hongbo,YAN Siqi,et al.Effects of grounding mode on fault characteristics in flexible DC distribution system[J].Power System Protection and Control,2017,41(7):2353-2364.
[6]高一波,徐习东,金阳忻,等.交流侧接地故障对直流配电网电压平衡影响[J].电网技术,2014,38(10):2665-2670.GAO Yibo,XU Xidong,JIN Yangxin,et al.Impact on the voltage balancing of DC distribution network under AC side grounding fault[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(10):2665-2670.
[7]金阳忻.直流配网电压控制及电压稳定性研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2016:66-67.JIN Yangxin.Voltage control and its stability in DC distribution[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2016:66-67.
[8]刘洪涛.新型直流输电的控制和保护策略研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2003.LIU Hongtao.Study of control and protection strategies for VSC based HVDC system[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2003.
[9]李兴源,曾琦,王渝红,等.柔性直流输电系统控制研究综述[J].高电压技术,2016,42(10):3025-3037.LI Xingyuan,ZENG Qi,WANG Yuhong,et al.Control strategies of voltage source converter based direct current transmission system[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(10):3025-3037.
[10]朱瑞可,王渝红,李兴源,等.VSC-MTDC系统直流电压自适应斜率控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(4):63-68.ZHU Ruike,WANG Yuhong,LI Xingyuan,et al.An adaptive DC voltage droop control strategy for the VSC-MTDC system[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(4):63-68.
[11]郭琦,郭海平,黄立滨.电网电压前馈对柔性直流输电在弱电网下的稳定性影响[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(14):139-144.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170817002.GUO Qi,GUO Haiping,HUANG Libin.Effect of grid voltage feed forward on VSC-HVDC stability in weak power grid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(14):139-144.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170817002.
[12]陈海荣,徐政.基于同步坐标变换的VSC-HVDC暂态模型及其控制器[J].电工技术学报,2007,22(2):121-126.CHEN Hairong,XU Zheng.Transient model and controller design for VSC-HVDC based on synchronous reference frame[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2007,22(2):121-126.
[13]金阳忻,徐习东,周金根.直流配网中换流站的电流限幅控制研究[J].机电工程,2016,33(4):470-475.JIN Yangxin,XU Xidong,ZHOU Jingen.Study of VSCcurrent limitation control in DC distribution[J].Journal of Mechanical Electrical Engineering,2016,33(4):470-475.
[14]李小建,钟尧,霍宏.数字高压表基本误差的确定方法探讨[J].高电压技术,2010,36(9):2352-2356.LI Xiaojian,ZHONG Yao,HUO Hong.Discussion on determination of basic error of digit high voltmeter[J].High Voltage Engineering,2010,36(9):2352-2356.
[15]王党树,王新霞.一种新型多功能智能型直流电压表的设计[J].计算机测量与控制,2014,22(1):300-302.WANG Dangshu,WANG Xinxia.Design of new type multifunction intelligent DC voltmeter[J].Computer Measurement&Control,2014,22(1):300-302.
[16]赵斌.电流表的温度补偿[J].物理实验,2003,23(7):34-36.ZHAO Bin.Temperature compensation of ammeter[J].Physics Experimentation,2003,23(7):34-36.
[17]测量不确定度评定与表示:JJF 1059.1-2012[S].2012.Evaluation and expression of uncertainty in measurement:JJF1059.1-2012[S].2012.
[18]通用计量术语及定义:JJF1001-2011[S].2011.General terms in metrology and their definitions:JJF1001-2011[S].2011.
[19]TRINH Q N,WANG Peng,TANG Yi,et al.Compensation of DC offset and scaling errors in voltage and current measurements of three-phase AC/DC converters[J].IEEETransactions on Power Electronics,2018,33(6):5401-5414.
[20]电流表、电压表、功率表及电阻表:JG 124-2005[S].2005.Amperemeters,voltmeters,wattmeters and ohmmeters:JG124-2005[S].2005.
[21]直流数字电压表及直流模数转换器:GB/T 14913-2008[S].2008.Digital electronic d.c.voltmeters and d.c.electronic analogueto-digital convertors:GB/T 14913-2008[S].2008.
[22]马为民.±800kV特高压直流系统换流器控制[J].高电压技术,2006,32(9):71-74.MA Weimin.Converter control in±800kV DC transmission system[J].High Voltage Engineering,2006,32(9):71-74.
[23]左煜,李欣然,宋军英.应用暂态稳定测度指标的参数灵敏度分析方法[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2016,28(12):77-82.ZUO Yu,LI Xinran,SONG Junying.Study on the influence of power system component parameters on transient stability[J].Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA,2016,28(12):77-82.
[24]李欣然,黄际元.基于灵敏度分析的储能电池参与二次调频控制策略[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(12):224-233.LI Xinran,HUANG Jiyuan.Battery energy storage control strategy in secondary frequency regulation considering its action moment and depth[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(12):224-233.
[25]汤广福.基于电压源换流器的高压直流输电技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2010:132-140.TANG Guangfu.High voltage DC transmission technology based on VSC[M].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2010:132-140.
[26]WANG Wenyuan,BEDDARD A,BARNES M,et al.Analysis of active power control for VSC-HVDC[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2014,29(4):1978-1988.
[27]STAMATIOU G,BONGIORNO M.Decentralized converter controller for multiterminal HVDC grids[C]//15th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications,September2-6,2013,Lille,France.
[28]黄健昂,魏承志,文安.计及源荷不确定性的柔性直流配电网分层协调控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2018,42(6):106-112.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170614011.HUANG Jian’ang,WEI Chengzhi,WEN An.Hierarchical coordinated control strategy for flexible DC distribution network considering uncertainties of source and load[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2018,42(6):106-112.DOI:10.7500/AEPS20170614011.