原料组分对动力学相似材料性质影响的试验研究
|
摘要
随着振动台、离心机等动力学模型试验方法的不断发展,对于动力学相似材料的要求也愈加精细。在满足动力学相似理论的基础上,如何快速、准确地配制出性质合理的相似材料是试验中至关重要的一步。本文以粒度不同的河沙、重晶石粉、铁粉、云母片为原料,以速干水泥为胶结物,对不同材料混合的动力学相似材料性质进行了试验研究。试验结果表明:(1)级配良好的骨料所配置的相似材料密度较大,且颗粒间断级配越大,骨胶比对相似材料密度影响越大;(2)以河砂为骨料、水泥为胶结物,可以配制出密度为1. 5～2. 2 g·cm~(-3)、动泊松比0. 2～0. 4、动弹性模量2. 5～5. 5 GPa的动相似材料;(3)铁粉的增重效果比重晶石粉显著,且铁粉试件的动、静弹性模量随铁粉增加而显著增大,而重晶石粉比例的变化对重晶石粉试件的动、静弹性模量影响不大,在配制"高重低强"的动力学相似材料时,重晶石粉是更理想的原料;(4)随着云母用量的不断增加,试件的密度、动泊松比和动、静弹性模量均显著降低,云母片是很好的减强剂,可以用来模拟岩体间软弱夹层或结构面。
With the development of dynamic model test such as centrifuge and shaking table,the requirement for dynamic similar material is more detailed. On the basis of dynamic similitude theory of model test,how to select the ratio of raw materials accurately plays an important role in the model test. This paper selects river sand with different particle gradations,iron powder,barite powder and mica sheet as the raw materials,and jet cement as the cementing agent. It then studies the physical and mechanical property of the similar materials with the elastic wave speed simulation measurement and uniaxial compressive test. The results show the follows.( 1) The density,dynamic and static elasticity modulus of the specimens with better particle gradation are bigger and the sand-blinder ratio has a greater influence on the density of similar material as the gap gradation enlarges.( 2) The dynamic similar material can be obtained whose density is between 1. 5-2. 2 g·cm~(-3),dynamic Poisson's ratio is between0. 2-0. 4 and dynamic elasticity modulus is between 2. 5-5. 5 Gpa if we choose the river sand as aggregate and cement as cementing agent.( 3) Iron powder has better effect on gaining weight than the barite powder. The dynamic and static elasticity modulus of the barite specimen have no obvious changes with the change of barite powder content. Therefore,barite powder is an ideal raw material to make dynamic similar material with high-density and low-strength.( 4) With the increase of mica sheet content,the dynamic Poisson's ratio,dynamic and static elasticity modulus of specimen can reduce evidently. As a result,the mica sheet is not suitable for similar material with high density but it can make similar material of weak intercalation or structural plane.
With the development of dynamic model test such as centrifuge and shaking table,the requirement for dynamic similar material is more detailed. On the basis of dynamic similitude theory of model test,how to select the ratio of raw materials accurately plays an important role in the model test. This paper selects river sand with different particle gradations,iron powder,barite powder and mica sheet as the raw materials,and jet cement as the cementing agent. It then studies the physical and mechanical property of the similar materials with the elastic wave speed simulation measurement and uniaxial compressive test. The results show the follows.( 1) The density,dynamic and static elasticity modulus of the specimens with better particle gradation are bigger and the sand-blinder ratio has a greater influence on the density of similar material as the gap gradation enlarges.( 2) The dynamic similar material can be obtained whose density is between 1. 5-2. 2 g·cm~(-3),dynamic Poisson's ratio is between0. 2-0. 4 and dynamic elasticity modulus is between 2. 5-5. 5 Gpa if we choose the river sand as aggregate and cement as cementing agent.( 3) Iron powder has better effect on gaining weight than the barite powder. The dynamic and static elasticity modulus of the barite specimen have no obvious changes with the change of barite powder content. Therefore,barite powder is an ideal raw material to make dynamic similar material with high-density and low-strength.( 4) With the increase of mica sheet content,the dynamic Poisson's ratio,dynamic and static elasticity modulus of specimen can reduce evidently. As a result,the mica sheet is not suitable for similar material with high density but it can make similar material of weak intercalation or structural plane.
引文
Dong J Y,Yang G X,Wu F Q,et al.2011.The large-scale shaking table test study of dynamic response and failure mode of bedding rock slope under earthquake[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,32(10):2977-2983.
Guan Z C,Liao Z H,Gong Z F,et al.2017.Seismic response of dual structure slope based on shaking table model test[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,25(1):139-146.
Han B L,Chen X L,Song Y L,et al.1997.Research on similar material of rock mass[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Hydraulic and Electric Engineering,30(2):6-9.
Jiang S,Huang M,Fu J J,et al.2017.Experimental study on similarity ratio of similar material of rock mass for shanking table test of pile in karst region[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,25(3):671-677.
Louis B.1957.The Pi theorem of dimensional analysis[J].Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis,1(1):35-45.
Li G,Xu P H,Chen Z L,et al.2015.The application of elastic wave test method in similar Material experiments[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,23(4):654-659.
Liu H B,Guo X.2012.Study on shaking table collapse tests of typical masonry structure in meizoseismal area[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,45(12):18-28.
Liu M X,Liu E L,Zhang S S,et al.2016.Numerical investigation of dynamic response and instability mechanism for dangerous rock mass slope under earthquake loads[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,24(2):187-196.
Liang Q G,Han W F,Ma R Y,et al.2005.Physical simulation study on dynamic failures of layered rock masses under strong ground motion[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,26(8):1307-1311.
Lin Y M.1984.Experimental rock mechanics-simulation study[M].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press.
Piao C D,Lin X.2018.Experimental study on the proportion of similar materials of soft rock[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,26(S):684-690.
Sun Q,Zhang X D,Yang Y,et al.2011.Similar material and numerical simulation of mining with filling under highway[J].Journal of Guangxi University(Natural Science Edition),36(4):635-639.
Wu B T,Zhu H H,Xu Q W,et al.2013.Experimental study of similar material for weak surrounding rock mass of class IV[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,34(S1):109-116.
Yang G X,Wu F Q,Dong J Y,et al.2012.Study on dynamic response characters and failure mechanism of rock slope under earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,31(4):696-702.
Yang J P,Li S N,Fan Y H,et al.2016.Experimental study on material similar to classⅣweak expansive surrounding rock[J].Journal of Guangxi University,41(1):163-169.
Zhang N,Li S C,Li M T,et al.2009.Development of a new rock similar material[J].Journal of Shangdong University(Engineering Science),39(4):149-154.
Zhang Q Y,Li S C,Guo X H,et al.2008.Research and development of new typed cementations geotechnical similar material for iron crystal sand and its application[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,29(8):2126-2130.
董金玉,杨国香,伍法权,等.2011.地震作用下顺层岩质边坡动力响应和破坏模式大型振动台模型试验研究[J].岩土力学,32(10):2977-2983.
关振长,廖重辉,龚振峰,等.2017.基于振动台模型试验的二元结构边坡地震动力响应研究[J].工程地质学报,25(1):139-146.
韩伯鲤,陈霞龄,宋一乐,等.1997.岩体相似材料的研究[J].武汉水利电力大学学报,30(2):6-9.
江松,黄明,付俊杰,等.2017.岩溶桩基振动台试验中岩体相似材料的配比研究[J].工程地质学报,25(3):671-677.
李光,徐佩华,陈占岺,等.2015.动力学相似材料配比试验研究[J].工程地质学报,23(4):654-659.
刘红彪,郭迅.2012.极震区典型砌体结构的振动台倒塌对比试验分析[J].土木工程学报,45(12):18-28.
刘明星,刘恩龙,张世殊,等.2016.地震荷载作用下危岩体边坡动力响应及失稳机理探讨[J].工程地质学报,24(2):187-196.
梁庆国,韩文峰,马润勇,等.2005.强地震动作用下层状岩体破坏的物理模拟研究[J].岩土力学,26(8):1307-1311.
林韵梅.1984.实验岩石力学-模拟研究[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社.
朴春德,林雄.2018.软岩相似材料配比实验研究[J].工程地质学报,26(增):684-690.
孙琦,张向东,杨逾,等.2011.公路下充填开采的相似材料及数值模拟研究[J].广西大学学报(自然科学版),36(4):635-639.
武伯弢,朱合华,徐前卫,等.2013.Ⅳ级软弱围岩相似材料的试验研究[J].岩土力学,34(S1):109-116.
杨国香,伍法权,董金玉,等.2012.地震作用下岩质边坡动力响应特性及变形破坏机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,31(4):696-702.
杨军平,李盛南,樊永华,等.2016.Ⅳ级弱膨胀围岩相似材料的试验研究[J].广西大学学报(自然科学版),41(1):163-169.
张宁,李术才,李明田,等.2009.新型岩石相似材料的研制[J].山东大学学报(工学版),39(4):149-154.
张强勇,李术才,郭小红,等.2008.铁晶砂胶结新型岩土相似材料的研制及其应用[J].岩土力学,29(8):2126-2130.
Guan Z C,Liao Z H,Gong Z F,et al.2017.Seismic response of dual structure slope based on shaking table model test[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,25(1):139-146.
Han B L,Chen X L,Song Y L,et al.1997.Research on similar material of rock mass[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Hydraulic and Electric Engineering,30(2):6-9.
Jiang S,Huang M,Fu J J,et al.2017.Experimental study on similarity ratio of similar material of rock mass for shanking table test of pile in karst region[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,25(3):671-677.
Louis B.1957.The Pi theorem of dimensional analysis[J].Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis,1(1):35-45.
Li G,Xu P H,Chen Z L,et al.2015.The application of elastic wave test method in similar Material experiments[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,23(4):654-659.
Liu H B,Guo X.2012.Study on shaking table collapse tests of typical masonry structure in meizoseismal area[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,45(12):18-28.
Liu M X,Liu E L,Zhang S S,et al.2016.Numerical investigation of dynamic response and instability mechanism for dangerous rock mass slope under earthquake loads[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,24(2):187-196.
Liang Q G,Han W F,Ma R Y,et al.2005.Physical simulation study on dynamic failures of layered rock masses under strong ground motion[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,26(8):1307-1311.
Lin Y M.1984.Experimental rock mechanics-simulation study[M].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press.
Piao C D,Lin X.2018.Experimental study on the proportion of similar materials of soft rock[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,26(S):684-690.
Sun Q,Zhang X D,Yang Y,et al.2011.Similar material and numerical simulation of mining with filling under highway[J].Journal of Guangxi University(Natural Science Edition),36(4):635-639.
Wu B T,Zhu H H,Xu Q W,et al.2013.Experimental study of similar material for weak surrounding rock mass of class IV[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,34(S1):109-116.
Yang G X,Wu F Q,Dong J Y,et al.2012.Study on dynamic response characters and failure mechanism of rock slope under earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,31(4):696-702.
Yang J P,Li S N,Fan Y H,et al.2016.Experimental study on material similar to classⅣweak expansive surrounding rock[J].Journal of Guangxi University,41(1):163-169.
Zhang N,Li S C,Li M T,et al.2009.Development of a new rock similar material[J].Journal of Shangdong University(Engineering Science),39(4):149-154.
Zhang Q Y,Li S C,Guo X H,et al.2008.Research and development of new typed cementations geotechnical similar material for iron crystal sand and its application[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,29(8):2126-2130.
董金玉,杨国香,伍法权,等.2011.地震作用下顺层岩质边坡动力响应和破坏模式大型振动台模型试验研究[J].岩土力学,32(10):2977-2983.
关振长,廖重辉,龚振峰,等.2017.基于振动台模型试验的二元结构边坡地震动力响应研究[J].工程地质学报,25(1):139-146.
韩伯鲤,陈霞龄,宋一乐,等.1997.岩体相似材料的研究[J].武汉水利电力大学学报,30(2):6-9.
江松,黄明,付俊杰,等.2017.岩溶桩基振动台试验中岩体相似材料的配比研究[J].工程地质学报,25(3):671-677.
李光,徐佩华,陈占岺,等.2015.动力学相似材料配比试验研究[J].工程地质学报,23(4):654-659.
刘红彪,郭迅.2012.极震区典型砌体结构的振动台倒塌对比试验分析[J].土木工程学报,45(12):18-28.
刘明星,刘恩龙,张世殊,等.2016.地震荷载作用下危岩体边坡动力响应及失稳机理探讨[J].工程地质学报,24(2):187-196.
梁庆国,韩文峰,马润勇,等.2005.强地震动作用下层状岩体破坏的物理模拟研究[J].岩土力学,26(8):1307-1311.
林韵梅.1984.实验岩石力学-模拟研究[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社.
朴春德,林雄.2018.软岩相似材料配比实验研究[J].工程地质学报,26(增):684-690.
孙琦,张向东,杨逾,等.2011.公路下充填开采的相似材料及数值模拟研究[J].广西大学学报(自然科学版),36(4):635-639.
武伯弢,朱合华,徐前卫,等.2013.Ⅳ级软弱围岩相似材料的试验研究[J].岩土力学,34(S1):109-116.
杨国香,伍法权,董金玉,等.2012.地震作用下岩质边坡动力响应特性及变形破坏机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,31(4):696-702.
杨军平,李盛南,樊永华,等.2016.Ⅳ级弱膨胀围岩相似材料的试验研究[J].广西大学学报(自然科学版),41(1):163-169.
张宁,李术才,李明田,等.2009.新型岩石相似材料的研制[J].山东大学学报(工学版),39(4):149-154.
张强勇,李术才,郭小红,等.2008.铁晶砂胶结新型岩土相似材料的研制及其应用[J].岩土力学,29(8):2126-2130.