基于压水试验的地层渗流场反分析
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摘要
地下工程建设过程中,地下水分布以及岩体渗透参数确定至关重要。基于对解决欠定反分析问题的目标函数分析,通过利用适应度函数、地质统计原理和变差函数等优化,得到了解决地层渗透系数一类水文地质问题的罚函数,为解决欠定的反分析问题提供了一个优化评判准则,并结合粒子群算法建立优化反分析数学模型;提出利用压水试验钻孔水头变化反分析得到地层渗透系数的新方法。对南京地铁上元门车站,进行现场压水试验得到钻孔水头高度,利用经过罚函数优化的反分析数值计算获得地层渗透系数,对压水试验区域的电阻率跨孔CT探测验证了该方法区域上的正确性,该区域的钻孔原位渗透系数测试验证了该方法在数值上的准确性。结果表明,经过罚函数优化的反分析计算的准确率达到90%,说明该方法有助于得到全面的地层水文地质信息,对后续的治理具有指导作用,希望能对类似工程有一定的借鉴意义。
Groundwater distribution and determination of rock mass permeability parameters are very important in the process of underground engineering construction. Based on analysis of the objective function of underdetermined problem, and through the use of fitness function and the principle of geological statistics and variation function optimization, we obtain a class of hydrogeological problems' penalty function for solving formation permeability coefficient, which provides an optimized evaluation criterion to solve the problem of inverse analysis of underdetermined problem. Also, a mathematical model of optimized back analysis combined with particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm is established, and a new method to evaluate formation permeability coefficient is proposed using back analysis of the drilling head change from packer permeability test. At Nanjing Shang Yuanmen subway station, we conduct packer permeability test to get drilling head height on-site, and obtain permeability coefficient of the layer by using back analysis numerical calculation to optimize the penalty function. Detection of the resistivity cross-hole CT is conducted to verify the accuracy of the method, and drilling in-situ permeability tests verify the accuracy of the method to obtain numerical results. The results show that calculation accuracy reached 90% after analysis optimization by a penalty function, which proves that the method helps in getting comprehensive formation hydrogeological information. The method is important for the follow-up governance, which is expected to have certain reference significance for similar projects.
Groundwater distribution and determination of rock mass permeability parameters are very important in the process of underground engineering construction. Based on analysis of the objective function of underdetermined problem, and through the use of fitness function and the principle of geological statistics and variation function optimization, we obtain a class of hydrogeological problems' penalty function for solving formation permeability coefficient, which provides an optimized evaluation criterion to solve the problem of inverse analysis of underdetermined problem. Also, a mathematical model of optimized back analysis combined with particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm is established, and a new method to evaluate formation permeability coefficient is proposed using back analysis of the drilling head change from packer permeability test. At Nanjing Shang Yuanmen subway station, we conduct packer permeability test to get drilling head height on-site, and obtain permeability coefficient of the layer by using back analysis numerical calculation to optimize the penalty function. Detection of the resistivity cross-hole CT is conducted to verify the accuracy of the method, and drilling in-situ permeability tests verify the accuracy of the method to obtain numerical results. The results show that calculation accuracy reached 90% after analysis optimization by a penalty function, which proves that the method helps in getting comprehensive formation hydrogeological information. The method is important for the follow-up governance, which is expected to have certain reference significance for similar projects.
引文
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[3]LEE J S,CHOI I Y,LEE H U,et al.Damage identification of a tunnel liner based on deformation data[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2005,20:73-80.
[4]易达,陈胜宏,葛修润.岩体初始应力场的遗传算法与有限元联合反演法[J].岩土力学,2004,25(7):1077-1080.YI Da,CHEN Sheng-hong,GE Xiu-run.A methodology combining genetic algorithm and finite element method for back analysis of initial stress field of rock masses[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(7):1077-1080.
[5]倪绍虎,肖明,王继伟.改进粒子群算法在地下工程反分析中的运用[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2009,42(3):326-330.NI Shao-hu,XIAO Ming,WANG Ji-wei.Application of modified particle swarm optimization to back analysis of underground engineering[J].Engineering Journal of Wuhan University,2009,42(3):326-330.
[6]贾善坡,陈卫忠,谭贤君.大岗山水电站地下厂房区初始地应力场Nelder-Mead优化反演研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(9):2341-2348.JIA Shan-po,CHEN Wei-zhong,TAN Xian-jun,et al.Nelder-Mead algorithm for inversion analysis of in-situ stress field of underground powerhouse area of Dagangshan hydropower station[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(9):2341-2348.
[7]朱岳明.测压管水位的反分析确定性混合模型[C]//大坝安全监测技术国际学术讨论会论文集.[S.l.]:[s.n.],1992:92-97.ZHU Yue-ming.Piezometric level of analysis of hybrid model uncertainty[C]//International Academic Conference on the Dam Safety Monitoring Technology.[S.l.]:[s.n.],1992:92-97.
[8]WANG Shi-jun,LIN Jia-xin.Determination of hydraulic conductivity model for concrete foundation by optimum inversion[C]//International Symposium on Monitoring Technology of Dam Safety.[S.l.]:[s.n.],1992:187-192.
[9]刘先珊,余成学,张立君.渗流反分析中交替迭代算法神经网络研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(5):1470-1475.LIU Xian-shan,SHE Cheng-xue,ZHANG Li-jun.back analysis of seepage with ANN based on alternative and interactive algorithm[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(5):1470-1475.
[10]刘先珊,周创兵,张立君.基于模拟退火的Gauss—Newton算法的神经网络在渗流反分析中的应用[J].岩土力学,2005,26(3):404-408.LIU Xian-shan,ZHOU Chuang-bin,ZHANG Li-jun.Application of neural network based on simulated annealing Gauss-Newton algorithm to seepage back analysis[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(3):404-408.
[11]朱岳明,刘望亭.土石坝的复杂渗流反分析研究[J].河海大学学报,1991(6):49-56.ZHU Yue-ming,LIU Wang-ting.Back analysis of complicated seepage flow in an earth-rock dam[J].Journal of Hohai University,1991(6):49-56.
[12]闫滨,强丽峰,郭超.渗流反分析在柴河土坝防渗加固设计中的应用[J].人民长江,2011,42(10):25-29.YAN Bin,QIANG Li-feng,GUO Chao.Application of seepage inversion analysis to seepage control reinforcement in Chaihe earth dam[J].Yangtze River,2011,42(10):25-29.
[13]张乾飞,王建,吴中如.基于人工神经网络的大坝渗透系数分区反演分析[J].水电能源科学,2001,19(4):4-7.ZHANG Qian-fei,WANG Jian,WU Zhong-ru.Divisional back analysis of dam percolation parameter based on artificial neural network mode[J].Water Resources and Power,2001,19(4):4-7.
[14]郭海庆,吴中如,张乾飞.渗透系数反演的CHNN模型方法[J].长江科学院院报,2001,18(3):25-28.GUO Hai-qiang,WU Zhong-ru,ZHANG Qian-fei.Inverse analysis of percolation coefficients by CHNN model[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2001,18(3):25-28.
[15]李守巨,刘迎曦,王登刚.基于神经网络的岩体渗透系数反演方法及其工程应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(4):479-483.LI Shou-ju,LIU Ying-xi,WANG Deng-gang.Inversion algorithm of permeability coefficients of rock mass and its application based on artificial neural network[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(4):479-483.
[16]盛金昌,速宝玉,詹美礼.三维天然渗流场反演分析及工程应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,22(2):203-207.SHENG Jin-chang,SU Bao-yu,ZHAN Mei-li.Back analysis of 3D seepage problem and its engineering application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(2):203-207.
[17]王媛,刘杰.重力坝坝基渗透参数进化反演分析[J].岩土工程学报,2003,25(5):552-556.WANG Yuan,LIU Jie.Back analysis of the permeability coefficients of gravity dam foundation by evolution method[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2003,25(5):552-556.
[18]李康宏,邓祥辉,何萌,等.基于钻孔资料的某尾矿坝渗透系数反演分析有限元模型建立[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(增刊1):4329-4332.LI Kang-hong,DENG Xiang-hui,HE Meng,et al.Finite element modeling of back analysis of permeability coefficient of a tailing dam based on boring data[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(Supp.1):4329-4332.
[19]祁涛,张均锋.某水电站坝址区三维渗流参数反演[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(20):3766-3770.QI Tao,ZHANG Jun-feng.Inverse analysis of seepage parameters for dam foundation of a hydropower station[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(20):168-172.
[20]崔皓东,朱岳明.二滩高拱坝坝基渗流场的反演分析[J].岩土力学,2009,30(10):3194-3199.CUI Hao-dong,ZHU Yue-ming.Back analysis of seepage field of Ertan high arch dam foundation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(10):3194-3199.
[21]李海燕,并元伟,马明旭.基于动态罚函数法的协同优化算法[J].控制与决策,2009,24(6):911-915.LI Hai-yan,BING Yuan-wei,MA Ming-xu.Collaborative optimization algorithm based on dynamic penalty function method[J].Control and Decision,2009,24(6):911-915.
[22]KITANIDIS P K.Quasi-linear geostatistical theory for inversing[J].Water Resources Research,1995,31(10):2411-2419.
[23]CARDIFF M,KITANIDIS P K.Efficient solution of nonlinear,underdetermined inverse problems with a generalized PDE model[J].Computers&Geosciences,2008,34:1480-1491.
[24]KITANIDIS P K.Quasi-linear geostatistical theory for inversing[J].Water Resources Research,1995,10(31):2411-2419.
[25]方明礼,肖明.三维初始地应力场反分析的变差函数法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(8):1594-1601.FANG Ming-li,XIAO Ming.Back analysis of 3D initial geostress field based on variogram function[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(8):1594-1601.
[26]林政,陈仁朋,陈云敏.一种现场测定地基固结系数与渗透系数的方法[J].岩土工程学报,2004,26(4):505-510.LIN Zheng,CHEN Ren-peng,CHEN Yun-min.A method for in-situ testing of coefficients of consolidation and permeability of soils[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2004,26(4):505-510.
[2]景来红,段世超,杨顺群.渗流反演分析在工程设计中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007(增刊2):4503-4509.JING Lai-hong,DUAN Shi-chao,YANG Shun-qun.Application of seepage back analysis to engineering design[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007(Supp.2):4503-4509.
[3]LEE J S,CHOI I Y,LEE H U,et al.Damage identification of a tunnel liner based on deformation data[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2005,20:73-80.
[4]易达,陈胜宏,葛修润.岩体初始应力场的遗传算法与有限元联合反演法[J].岩土力学,2004,25(7):1077-1080.YI Da,CHEN Sheng-hong,GE Xiu-run.A methodology combining genetic algorithm and finite element method for back analysis of initial stress field of rock masses[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(7):1077-1080.
[5]倪绍虎,肖明,王继伟.改进粒子群算法在地下工程反分析中的运用[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2009,42(3):326-330.NI Shao-hu,XIAO Ming,WANG Ji-wei.Application of modified particle swarm optimization to back analysis of underground engineering[J].Engineering Journal of Wuhan University,2009,42(3):326-330.
[6]贾善坡,陈卫忠,谭贤君.大岗山水电站地下厂房区初始地应力场Nelder-Mead优化反演研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(9):2341-2348.JIA Shan-po,CHEN Wei-zhong,TAN Xian-jun,et al.Nelder-Mead algorithm for inversion analysis of in-situ stress field of underground powerhouse area of Dagangshan hydropower station[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(9):2341-2348.
[7]朱岳明.测压管水位的反分析确定性混合模型[C]//大坝安全监测技术国际学术讨论会论文集.[S.l.]:[s.n.],1992:92-97.ZHU Yue-ming.Piezometric level of analysis of hybrid model uncertainty[C]//International Academic Conference on the Dam Safety Monitoring Technology.[S.l.]:[s.n.],1992:92-97.
[8]WANG Shi-jun,LIN Jia-xin.Determination of hydraulic conductivity model for concrete foundation by optimum inversion[C]//International Symposium on Monitoring Technology of Dam Safety.[S.l.]:[s.n.],1992:187-192.
[9]刘先珊,余成学,张立君.渗流反分析中交替迭代算法神经网络研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(5):1470-1475.LIU Xian-shan,SHE Cheng-xue,ZHANG Li-jun.back analysis of seepage with ANN based on alternative and interactive algorithm[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(5):1470-1475.
[10]刘先珊,周创兵,张立君.基于模拟退火的Gauss—Newton算法的神经网络在渗流反分析中的应用[J].岩土力学,2005,26(3):404-408.LIU Xian-shan,ZHOU Chuang-bin,ZHANG Li-jun.Application of neural network based on simulated annealing Gauss-Newton algorithm to seepage back analysis[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(3):404-408.
[11]朱岳明,刘望亭.土石坝的复杂渗流反分析研究[J].河海大学学报,1991(6):49-56.ZHU Yue-ming,LIU Wang-ting.Back analysis of complicated seepage flow in an earth-rock dam[J].Journal of Hohai University,1991(6):49-56.
[12]闫滨,强丽峰,郭超.渗流反分析在柴河土坝防渗加固设计中的应用[J].人民长江,2011,42(10):25-29.YAN Bin,QIANG Li-feng,GUO Chao.Application of seepage inversion analysis to seepage control reinforcement in Chaihe earth dam[J].Yangtze River,2011,42(10):25-29.
[13]张乾飞,王建,吴中如.基于人工神经网络的大坝渗透系数分区反演分析[J].水电能源科学,2001,19(4):4-7.ZHANG Qian-fei,WANG Jian,WU Zhong-ru.Divisional back analysis of dam percolation parameter based on artificial neural network mode[J].Water Resources and Power,2001,19(4):4-7.
[14]郭海庆,吴中如,张乾飞.渗透系数反演的CHNN模型方法[J].长江科学院院报,2001,18(3):25-28.GUO Hai-qiang,WU Zhong-ru,ZHANG Qian-fei.Inverse analysis of percolation coefficients by CHNN model[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2001,18(3):25-28.
[15]李守巨,刘迎曦,王登刚.基于神经网络的岩体渗透系数反演方法及其工程应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(4):479-483.LI Shou-ju,LIU Ying-xi,WANG Deng-gang.Inversion algorithm of permeability coefficients of rock mass and its application based on artificial neural network[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(4):479-483.
[16]盛金昌,速宝玉,詹美礼.三维天然渗流场反演分析及工程应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,22(2):203-207.SHENG Jin-chang,SU Bao-yu,ZHAN Mei-li.Back analysis of 3D seepage problem and its engineering application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(2):203-207.
[17]王媛,刘杰.重力坝坝基渗透参数进化反演分析[J].岩土工程学报,2003,25(5):552-556.WANG Yuan,LIU Jie.Back analysis of the permeability coefficients of gravity dam foundation by evolution method[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2003,25(5):552-556.
[18]李康宏,邓祥辉,何萌,等.基于钻孔资料的某尾矿坝渗透系数反演分析有限元模型建立[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(增刊1):4329-4332.LI Kang-hong,DENG Xiang-hui,HE Meng,et al.Finite element modeling of back analysis of permeability coefficient of a tailing dam based on boring data[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(Supp.1):4329-4332.
[19]祁涛,张均锋.某水电站坝址区三维渗流参数反演[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(20):3766-3770.QI Tao,ZHANG Jun-feng.Inverse analysis of seepage parameters for dam foundation of a hydropower station[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(20):168-172.
[20]崔皓东,朱岳明.二滩高拱坝坝基渗流场的反演分析[J].岩土力学,2009,30(10):3194-3199.CUI Hao-dong,ZHU Yue-ming.Back analysis of seepage field of Ertan high arch dam foundation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(10):3194-3199.
[21]李海燕,并元伟,马明旭.基于动态罚函数法的协同优化算法[J].控制与决策,2009,24(6):911-915.LI Hai-yan,BING Yuan-wei,MA Ming-xu.Collaborative optimization algorithm based on dynamic penalty function method[J].Control and Decision,2009,24(6):911-915.
[22]KITANIDIS P K.Quasi-linear geostatistical theory for inversing[J].Water Resources Research,1995,31(10):2411-2419.
[23]CARDIFF M,KITANIDIS P K.Efficient solution of nonlinear,underdetermined inverse problems with a generalized PDE model[J].Computers&Geosciences,2008,34:1480-1491.
[24]KITANIDIS P K.Quasi-linear geostatistical theory for inversing[J].Water Resources Research,1995,10(31):2411-2419.
[25]方明礼,肖明.三维初始地应力场反分析的变差函数法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(8):1594-1601.FANG Ming-li,XIAO Ming.Back analysis of 3D initial geostress field based on variogram function[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(8):1594-1601.
[26]林政,陈仁朋,陈云敏.一种现场测定地基固结系数与渗透系数的方法[J].岩土工程学报,2004,26(4):505-510.LIN Zheng,CHEN Ren-peng,CHEN Yun-min.A method for in-situ testing of coefficients of consolidation and permeability of soils[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2004,26(4):505-510.