知识搜索对创新绩效的影响:知识基础的曲线调节作用
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摘要
创新是组织提升竞争优势和持续成长的关键,知识搜索如何影响组织创新绩效及其边界条件是本研究旨在解决的问题。笔者基于创新搜索理论和知识基础理论,构建以知识搜索宽度和知识搜索深度为自变量,知识基础宽度和知识基础深度为调节变量,组织创新绩效为因变量的理论模型,收集203家中国高新技术组织的调研数据进行实证分析。研究发现:知识搜索宽度、知识搜索深度对组织创新绩效并不存在普遍意义的"过犹不及"曲线关系;组织知识基础宽度会缓冲组织过多的知识搜索深度对创新绩效的负向影响,但会增大组织过多的知识搜索宽度对创新绩效的负向影响;组织知识基础深度会缓冲过多的知识搜索宽度对创新绩效的负向影响,但会增大组织过多的知识搜索深度对创新绩效的负向影响。基于研究结论,笔者认为高新技术组织需根据自身的知识基础,采取相匹配的知识搜索策略,有效地推动组织创新绩效。
Innovation is the key to enhance their competitive edge and achieve sustainable growth for organization.How knowledge search affects organizational innovative performance and its boundary conditions is the problem that this study aims to solve.Based on innovative search theory and knowledge base theory,this study build a theoretical model where knowledge search breadth and knowledge search depth as independent variable,knowledge base breadth and knowledge base depth as moderator variables,organizational innovative performance as dependent variable,and conducts multiple hierarchical regression,reliability and validity test and empirical test utilizing data collected from 203 high-tech enterprises.The results indicate that:the too-much-of-the-good-effect of knowledge search breadth and knowledge search depth on organizational innovative performance does not exist.However,knowledge base breadth will buffer the negative impact of excessive knowledge search depth on innovative performance,but will increase the negative impact of excessive know-ledge search breadth on innovative performance.knowledge base depth can buffer the negative impact of excessive knowledge breadth search on innovative performance,but it will increase the negative impact of excessive knowledge search depth on innovative performance.Based on research conclusions,this study suggests that high-tech organizations should adopt a matching knowledge search strategy based on their own knowledge base,so as to effectively promote organizational innovative performance.
Innovation is the key to enhance their competitive edge and achieve sustainable growth for organization.How knowledge search affects organizational innovative performance and its boundary conditions is the problem that this study aims to solve.Based on innovative search theory and knowledge base theory,this study build a theoretical model where knowledge search breadth and knowledge search depth as independent variable,knowledge base breadth and knowledge base depth as moderator variables,organizational innovative performance as dependent variable,and conducts multiple hierarchical regression,reliability and validity test and empirical test utilizing data collected from 203 high-tech enterprises.The results indicate that:the too-much-of-the-good-effect of knowledge search breadth and knowledge search depth on organizational innovative performance does not exist.However,knowledge base breadth will buffer the negative impact of excessive knowledge search depth on innovative performance,but will increase the negative impact of excessive know-ledge search breadth on innovative performance.knowledge base depth can buffer the negative impact of excessive knowledge breadth search on innovative performance,but it will increase the negative impact of excessive knowledge search depth on innovative performance.Based on research conclusions,this study suggests that high-tech organizations should adopt a matching knowledge search strategy based on their own knowledge base,so as to effectively promote organizational innovative performance.
引文
[1]瞿孙平,石宏伟,俞林,等.创新战略对知识搜索策略的影响——基于市场环境的调节作用[J].情报杂志,2017(10):180-187.
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[3]Katila R,Ahuja G.Something Old,Something New:A Longitudinal Study of Search Behavior and New Product Introduction[J].Academy of Management Journal,2002,45(6):1183-1194.
[4]Chen J,Chen Y,Vanhaverbeke W.The Influence of Scope,Depth,and Orientation of External Technology Sources on the Innovative Performance of Chinese Firms[J].Technovation,2011,31(8):362-373.
[5]赵息,李文亮.企业知识搜索战略、技术不确定性与突破性创新关系研究[J].科技进步与对策,2016(9):122-128.
[6]Guo B,Wang Y,Xie X,et al.Search More Deeply or Search More Broadly?An Empirical Study of External Knowledge Search Strategy in Manufacturing SMEs[J].Asian Journal of Technology Innovation,2015,23(1):87-106.
[7]秦鹏飞,申光龙,胡望斌,王星星等.知识吸收与集成能力双重调节下知识搜索对创新能力的影响效应研究[J].管理学报,2019(2):219-228.
[8]李奉书,黄婧涵.联盟创新网络嵌入性与企业技术创新绩效研究[J].中国软科学,2018(6):119-127.
[9]Chesbrough H,Rosenbloom R S.The Role of the Business Model in Capturing Value From Innovation:Evidence From Xerox Corporation's Technology Spin-Off Companies[J].Social Science Electronic Publishing,2002,11(3):529-555.
[10]March J G.Exploration and Exploitation in Organizational Learning[J].Organization Science,1991,2(1):71-87.
[11]Sofka W,Grimpe C.Specialized Search and Innovation Performance Evidence across Europe[J].R & D Management,2010,40(3):310-323.
[12]Leiponen A,Helfat C E.Innovation Objectives,Knowledge Sources,and the Benefits of Breadth[J].Strategic Management Journal,2010,31(2):224-236.
[13]Fleming L,Sorenson O.Science as Map in Technological Search[J].Strategic Management Journal,2004,25(8/9):909-928.
[14]叶江峰,任浩,郝斌.企业内外部知识异质度对创新绩效的影响——战略柔性的调节作用[J].科学学研究,2015(4):574-584.
[15]Kotha R,George G,Srikanth K.Bridging the Mutual Knowledge Gap:Coordination and the Commercialization of University Science[J].Social Science Electronic Publishing,2012,56(2):498-524.
[16]韵江,卢从超,杨柳.双元学习与创造力对绩效的影响——一个团队层面的研究[J].财经问题研究,2015(5):3-11.
[17]Kaplan S,Vakili K.The Double-Edged Sword of Recombination in Breakthrough Innovation[J].Strategic Management Journal,2014,36(10):1435-1457.
[18]Dosi G.Sources,Procedures,and Microeconomic Effects of Innovation[J].Journal of Economic Literature,1988,26(3):1120-1171.
[19]Wu J,Wang Y,Li S.Search Depth,Knowledge Characteristics,and Innovation Performance[J].Journal of Chinese Management,2014,1(1):1-15.
[20]Sampson R C.R&D Alliances and Firm Performance:The Impact of Technological Diversity and Alliance Organization on Innovation[J].Academy of Management Journal,2007,50(2):364-386.
[21]蔡虹,刘岩,向希尧.企业知识基础对技术合作的影响研究[J].管理学报,2013(6):875-881.
[22]Higgins M J,Rodriguez D.The Outsourcing of R&D Through Acquisitions in the Pharmaceutical Industry[J].Journal of Financial Economics,2006,80(2):351-383.
[23]George G,Kotha R,Zheng Y F.Entry Into Insular Domains:A Longitudinal Study of Knowledge Structuration and Innovation in Biotechnology Firms[J].Journal of Management Studies,2008,45(8):1448-1474.
[24]Rosenkopf L,Nerkar A.Beyond Local Search:Boundary-Spanning,Exploration,and Impact in the Optical Disk Industry[J].Strategic Management Journal,2001,22(4):287-306.
[25]曾德明,曾雅兰,邹思明.知识获取策略对企业绩效的影响——知识基础的调节作用[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2015(9):31-39.
[26]曹勇,程前,杜蔓.外部知识搜索策略对企业吸收能力的影响研究[J].情报杂志,2017(7):182-187.
[27]梁阜,张志鑫.外部知识搜索及其双元性的创新效应研究[J].情报杂志,2019(1):171-179.
[28]Macher J T,Boerner C.Technological Development at the Boundaries of the Firm:A Knowledge-Based Examination in Drug Development[J].Strategic Management Journal,2012,33(9):1016-1036.
[29]Bingham C B,Eisenhardt K M.Rational Heuristics:The “Simple Rules” that Strategists Learn from Process Experience[J].Strategic Management Journal,2011,32(13):1437-1464.
[30]刘洋,魏江,江诗松.后发企业如何进行创新追赶?——研发网络边界拓展的视角[J].管理世界,2013(3):96-110.
[31]Perry-Smith J E,Shalley C E.The Social Side of Creativity:A Static and Dynamic Social Network Perspective[J].Academy of Management Review,2003,28(1):89-106.
[32]苏道明,吴宗法,刘臣.外部知识搜索及其二元效应对创新绩效的影响[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2017(8):109-121.
[33]刘景东,党兴华.不同知识位势下知识获取方式与突变创新的关系研究[J].管理评论,2013(7):88-98.
[34]Sanz-Valle J J R.Could HRM Support Organizational Innovation?[J].International Journal of Human Resource Management,2008,19(7):1208-1221.
[35]梁阜,李树文,耿新.资源的渗透与扩散:中国东西部企业人力资本垂滴效应比较研究[J].经济与管理评论,2018(4):95-107.
[36]Yalcinkaya G,Calantone R J,Griffith D A.An Examination of Exploration and Exploitation Capabilities:Implications for Product Innovation and Market Performance[J].Journal of International Marketing,2007,15(4):63-93.
[37]Bock G W,Zmud R W,Kim Y G,et al.Behavioral Intention Formation in Knowledge Sharing:Examining the Roles of Extrinsic Motivators,Social-Psychological Forces,and Organizational Climate[J].MIS Quarterly,2005,29(1):87-111.
[38]芮正云,罗瑾琏,甘静娴.新创企业创新困境突破:外部搜寻双元性及其与企业知识基础的匹配[J].南开管理评论,2017(5):155-164.
[39]黄劲松.技术差距与中国企业的R&D知识基础[J].中央财经大学学报,2010(11):42-46.
[40]陶锋,张会勤,李红.外部知识溢出、研发双重效应与企业创新绩效[J].财经问题研究,2018(5):44-51.
[2]Laursen K,Salter A.Open for Innovation:The Role of Openness in Explaining Innovation Performance among U.K.Manufacturing Firms[J].Strategic Management Journal,2006,27(2):131-150.
[3]Katila R,Ahuja G.Something Old,Something New:A Longitudinal Study of Search Behavior and New Product Introduction[J].Academy of Management Journal,2002,45(6):1183-1194.
[4]Chen J,Chen Y,Vanhaverbeke W.The Influence of Scope,Depth,and Orientation of External Technology Sources on the Innovative Performance of Chinese Firms[J].Technovation,2011,31(8):362-373.
[5]赵息,李文亮.企业知识搜索战略、技术不确定性与突破性创新关系研究[J].科技进步与对策,2016(9):122-128.
[6]Guo B,Wang Y,Xie X,et al.Search More Deeply or Search More Broadly?An Empirical Study of External Knowledge Search Strategy in Manufacturing SMEs[J].Asian Journal of Technology Innovation,2015,23(1):87-106.
[7]秦鹏飞,申光龙,胡望斌,王星星等.知识吸收与集成能力双重调节下知识搜索对创新能力的影响效应研究[J].管理学报,2019(2):219-228.
[8]李奉书,黄婧涵.联盟创新网络嵌入性与企业技术创新绩效研究[J].中国软科学,2018(6):119-127.
[9]Chesbrough H,Rosenbloom R S.The Role of the Business Model in Capturing Value From Innovation:Evidence From Xerox Corporation's Technology Spin-Off Companies[J].Social Science Electronic Publishing,2002,11(3):529-555.
[10]March J G.Exploration and Exploitation in Organizational Learning[J].Organization Science,1991,2(1):71-87.
[11]Sofka W,Grimpe C.Specialized Search and Innovation Performance Evidence across Europe[J].R & D Management,2010,40(3):310-323.
[12]Leiponen A,Helfat C E.Innovation Objectives,Knowledge Sources,and the Benefits of Breadth[J].Strategic Management Journal,2010,31(2):224-236.
[13]Fleming L,Sorenson O.Science as Map in Technological Search[J].Strategic Management Journal,2004,25(8/9):909-928.
[14]叶江峰,任浩,郝斌.企业内外部知识异质度对创新绩效的影响——战略柔性的调节作用[J].科学学研究,2015(4):574-584.
[15]Kotha R,George G,Srikanth K.Bridging the Mutual Knowledge Gap:Coordination and the Commercialization of University Science[J].Social Science Electronic Publishing,2012,56(2):498-524.
[16]韵江,卢从超,杨柳.双元学习与创造力对绩效的影响——一个团队层面的研究[J].财经问题研究,2015(5):3-11.
[17]Kaplan S,Vakili K.The Double-Edged Sword of Recombination in Breakthrough Innovation[J].Strategic Management Journal,2014,36(10):1435-1457.
[18]Dosi G.Sources,Procedures,and Microeconomic Effects of Innovation[J].Journal of Economic Literature,1988,26(3):1120-1171.
[19]Wu J,Wang Y,Li S.Search Depth,Knowledge Characteristics,and Innovation Performance[J].Journal of Chinese Management,2014,1(1):1-15.
[20]Sampson R C.R&D Alliances and Firm Performance:The Impact of Technological Diversity and Alliance Organization on Innovation[J].Academy of Management Journal,2007,50(2):364-386.
[21]蔡虹,刘岩,向希尧.企业知识基础对技术合作的影响研究[J].管理学报,2013(6):875-881.
[22]Higgins M J,Rodriguez D.The Outsourcing of R&D Through Acquisitions in the Pharmaceutical Industry[J].Journal of Financial Economics,2006,80(2):351-383.
[23]George G,Kotha R,Zheng Y F.Entry Into Insular Domains:A Longitudinal Study of Knowledge Structuration and Innovation in Biotechnology Firms[J].Journal of Management Studies,2008,45(8):1448-1474.
[24]Rosenkopf L,Nerkar A.Beyond Local Search:Boundary-Spanning,Exploration,and Impact in the Optical Disk Industry[J].Strategic Management Journal,2001,22(4):287-306.
[25]曾德明,曾雅兰,邹思明.知识获取策略对企业绩效的影响——知识基础的调节作用[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2015(9):31-39.
[26]曹勇,程前,杜蔓.外部知识搜索策略对企业吸收能力的影响研究[J].情报杂志,2017(7):182-187.
[27]梁阜,张志鑫.外部知识搜索及其双元性的创新效应研究[J].情报杂志,2019(1):171-179.
[28]Macher J T,Boerner C.Technological Development at the Boundaries of the Firm:A Knowledge-Based Examination in Drug Development[J].Strategic Management Journal,2012,33(9):1016-1036.
[29]Bingham C B,Eisenhardt K M.Rational Heuristics:The “Simple Rules” that Strategists Learn from Process Experience[J].Strategic Management Journal,2011,32(13):1437-1464.
[30]刘洋,魏江,江诗松.后发企业如何进行创新追赶?——研发网络边界拓展的视角[J].管理世界,2013(3):96-110.
[31]Perry-Smith J E,Shalley C E.The Social Side of Creativity:A Static and Dynamic Social Network Perspective[J].Academy of Management Review,2003,28(1):89-106.
[32]苏道明,吴宗法,刘臣.外部知识搜索及其二元效应对创新绩效的影响[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2017(8):109-121.
[33]刘景东,党兴华.不同知识位势下知识获取方式与突变创新的关系研究[J].管理评论,2013(7):88-98.
[34]Sanz-Valle J J R.Could HRM Support Organizational Innovation?[J].International Journal of Human Resource Management,2008,19(7):1208-1221.
[35]梁阜,李树文,耿新.资源的渗透与扩散:中国东西部企业人力资本垂滴效应比较研究[J].经济与管理评论,2018(4):95-107.
[36]Yalcinkaya G,Calantone R J,Griffith D A.An Examination of Exploration and Exploitation Capabilities:Implications for Product Innovation and Market Performance[J].Journal of International Marketing,2007,15(4):63-93.
[37]Bock G W,Zmud R W,Kim Y G,et al.Behavioral Intention Formation in Knowledge Sharing:Examining the Roles of Extrinsic Motivators,Social-Psychological Forces,and Organizational Climate[J].MIS Quarterly,2005,29(1):87-111.
[38]芮正云,罗瑾琏,甘静娴.新创企业创新困境突破:外部搜寻双元性及其与企业知识基础的匹配[J].南开管理评论,2017(5):155-164.
[39]黄劲松.技术差距与中国企业的R&D知识基础[J].中央财经大学学报,2010(11):42-46.
[40]陶锋,张会勤,李红.外部知识溢出、研发双重效应与企业创新绩效[J].财经问题研究,2018(5):44-51.