参军经历、市场转型与精英地位获得
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摘要
从精英获得的二元路径理论出发,使用2014年中国劳动力动态调查数据,力图揭示参军经历对精英地位获得的影响机制以及该机制伴随市场转型所发生的变化。数据分析结果表明:第一,与普通职业相比,参军经历总体上对管理精英职业的获得有显著的正面影响,与此同时,分世代参军模型表明这种影响伴随着市场转型而减弱并最终在改革后期消失;第二,与普通职业相比,参军经历总体上不利于获得技术精英职业,与此同时,分世代模型表明这种不利影响主要在改革开放后期的参军群体中显现;第三,参军经历对管理精英职业获得的效应通过影响党员身份获得的路径实现,但改革开放之后该路径亦有所削弱。
From the elite of the dual path theory,using dynamic survey data of Chinese labor force in 2014,This paper tries to reveal the mechanism of the influence of the experience of the army on the acquisition of elite status and the change of the mechanism with the transformation of the market.Data analysis results show that:first,compared with ordinary professional,experience in the army has a positive effect on management elite occupation obtained,and sub generation parameter model suggests that the effect with the market transition weakens and eventually disappears in the later reform;second,compared with ordinary professional,army experience is not conducive to obtain professional technical elite occupation,and the generation model indicates that the adverse impact mainly appears to the army groups at the late stage of the reform and opening up;third,army experience's influence on management elite professional effect is obtained through the intermediary variables to the Party,and weakened after Chinese economic reform.
From the elite of the dual path theory,using dynamic survey data of Chinese labor force in 2014,This paper tries to reveal the mechanism of the influence of the experience of the army on the acquisition of elite status and the change of the mechanism with the transformation of the market.Data analysis results show that:first,compared with ordinary professional,experience in the army has a positive effect on management elite occupation obtained,and sub generation parameter model suggests that the effect with the market transition weakens and eventually disappears in the later reform;second,compared with ordinary professional,army experience is not conducive to obtain professional technical elite occupation,and the generation model indicates that the adverse impact mainly appears to the army groups at the late stage of the reform and opening up;third,army experience's influence on management elite professional effect is obtained through the intermediary variables to the Party,and weakened after Chinese economic reform.
引文
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[20]巴杰.试论中国国民党“政党领军”模式的确立及其发展演变[J].唐山师范学院学报,2007(6).
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[23]李里峰.土改与参军:理性选择视角的历史考察[J].福建论坛(人文社会科学版),2007(11).
[24]皮明勇.中国近代退伍军人安置问题初探[J].社会学研究,1997(3).
[25]Harley L,Lopreato,Sally C,et al.Income and Veteran Status:Variations Among Mexican Americans,Blacks and Anglos[J].American Sociological Review,1973(1).
[26]张雪峰.当前我国退役士兵的职业转向障碍及社会工作介入---以上海P区H街道为例[J].青年学报,2014(1).
[27]Walder A G,Li B,Treiman D J.Politics and Life Chances in a State Socialist Regime:Dual Career Paths into the Urban Chinese Elite,1949 to 1996[J].American Sociological Review,2000(2).
[28]任春红.管理精英地位获得及其再生产:1949-2012[J].福建论坛(人文社会科学版),2016(1).
[29]张乐,张翼.精英阶层再生产与阶层固化程度---以青年的职业地位获得为例[J].青年研究,2012(1).
[30]Bian Y,Shu X,Logan J R.Communist Party Membership and Regime Dynamics in China[J].Social Forces,2001(3).
[31]在2014年颁布的《中国共产党发展党员工作细则》中第3条也基本保持了这一原则。
[32]中共中央组织部组织局编.中国共产党发展党员工作问答[M].北京:中共中央党校出版社,1992.
[33]程建军,徐姣.中国共产党党员队伍结构、规模现状及改善[J].江苏行政学院学报,2015(2).
[34]徐纬光.中国共产党党员的招募:规则、数量与结构[J].中共浙江省委党校学报,2011(3).
[2]雷海宗.中国文化与中国的兵[M].北京:商务印书馆,2001.
[3]梁漱溟.中国文化要义[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2005.
[4]张立新.论贵州近代新式军人阶层的产生及在现代化中的作用[J].贵阳学院学报(社会科学版),2004(3).
[5]熊志勇.近代军人社群崛起与传统“四民”结构的整合──以晚清社会变迁为视点[J].人文杂志,1997(1).
[6]Wu X,Treiman D J.The household registration system and social stratification in China:1955-1996[J].Demography,2004(2).
[7]胡现岭.农村青年社会流动方式之变迁(1978-2010)---以对河南省22个村庄的调查为中心[J].中国青年研究,2013(10).
[8]汪建华.参军:制度变迁下的社会分层与个体选择性流动[J].社会,2011(3).
[9]朱力.未来几年我国重大社会矛盾的走势---基于219位基层党政一把手的经验判断[J].江苏社会科学,2016(6).
[10]沈自友.大学生参军行为的调查及对策[J].当代青年研究,2014(4).
[11]Blau,Peter M.,Otis Dudley Duncan.The American Occupational Structure[M].New York:Wiley,1967.
[12]Walder A G,Hu S.Revolution,reform,and status inheritance:urban China,1949-1996[J].American Journal of Sociology,2009(5).
[13][美]吉尔·伊亚尔(Gil Eyal)、伊万·塞勒(Ivan Szelenyi)、艾莉诺·汤斯(Eleanor Townsley)著,吕鹏、吕佳龄译.无须资本家打造资本主义[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2008.
[14]边燕杰,吴晓刚,李路路.社会分层与流动:国外学者对中国研究的新进展[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2008.
[15]Walder A G.Career Mobility and the Communist Political Order[J].American Sociological Review,1995(3).
[16]Li B,Walder A G.Career Advancement as Party Patronage:Sponsored Mobility into the Chinese Administrative Elite,1949-1996[J].American Journal of Sociology,2001(5).
[17]郑辉,李路路.中国城市的精英代际转化与阶层再生产[J].社会学研究,2009(6).
[18]Szelenyi I,Kostello E.The Market Transition Debate:Toward a Synthesis?[J].American Journal of Sociology,1996(4).
[19]于永达,吴田.中国精英转换的研究路径及其发展[J].中国行政管理,2015(7).
[20]巴杰.试论中国国民党“政党领军”模式的确立及其发展演变[J].唐山师范学院学报,2007(6).
[21]李芸,叶桉.从南昌起义到古田会议:人民军队“听党指挥”原则的确立[J].江西科技师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2016(1).
[22]高民政.中国党军关系的现代化---关于坚持和完善党对军队绝对领导的思考[J].探索与争鸣,2011(6).
[23]李里峰.土改与参军:理性选择视角的历史考察[J].福建论坛(人文社会科学版),2007(11).
[24]皮明勇.中国近代退伍军人安置问题初探[J].社会学研究,1997(3).
[25]Harley L,Lopreato,Sally C,et al.Income and Veteran Status:Variations Among Mexican Americans,Blacks and Anglos[J].American Sociological Review,1973(1).
[26]张雪峰.当前我国退役士兵的职业转向障碍及社会工作介入---以上海P区H街道为例[J].青年学报,2014(1).
[27]Walder A G,Li B,Treiman D J.Politics and Life Chances in a State Socialist Regime:Dual Career Paths into the Urban Chinese Elite,1949 to 1996[J].American Sociological Review,2000(2).
[28]任春红.管理精英地位获得及其再生产:1949-2012[J].福建论坛(人文社会科学版),2016(1).
[29]张乐,张翼.精英阶层再生产与阶层固化程度---以青年的职业地位获得为例[J].青年研究,2012(1).
[30]Bian Y,Shu X,Logan J R.Communist Party Membership and Regime Dynamics in China[J].Social Forces,2001(3).
[31]在2014年颁布的《中国共产党发展党员工作细则》中第3条也基本保持了这一原则。
[32]中共中央组织部组织局编.中国共产党发展党员工作问答[M].北京:中共中央党校出版社,1992.
[33]程建军,徐姣.中国共产党党员队伍结构、规模现状及改善[J].江苏行政学院学报,2015(2).
[34]徐纬光.中国共产党党员的招募:规则、数量与结构[J].中共浙江省委党校学报,2011(3).