离子型稀土原地浸矿过程溶质运移机制研究
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摘要
离子型稀土开采过程中存在着资源回收率不高及环境污染严重等问题。针对目前推荐采用的原地浸工艺,浸矿过程溶质运移机制直接关系到稀土资源浸取率以及稀土离子和残余浸矿剂的迁移规律。通过对离子型稀土中溶质的来源、组成以及性质进行分析,研究了离子型稀土原地浸矿溶质变化的化学过程。根据浸取动力学中"收缩未反应芯模型",将溶质在矿物颗粒表面的运移划分为4个步骤。离子型稀土浸矿过程溶质运移主要包括对流、扩散、机械弥散这3个物理过程,根据溶质运移对流-弥散机制及质量守恒定律,推求了离子型稀土原地浸矿过程溶质运移基本方程以及水分运动方程。研究结果可为离子型稀土高效开采设计提供理论依据,也有助于分析原地浸矿的环境污染问题。
In the process of ion-adsorption rare earth mining, there are some problems such as low recovery rate of resources and serious environmental pollution. For the in-situ leaching mining, the mechanism of solute transport in the leaching process is directly related to the leaching rate of rare earth resources and the migration of rare earth ions and residual leaching solution. The solute chemical changes in the process of leaching mining were studied by analyzing the source, composition and properties of the solute in the ion-adsorption rare earth. According to the "shrinkage unreacted core model" in the leaching kinetics, the solute transport on the surface of the mineral particles is divided into four steps. The solute transport mainly includes three physical processes: convection, diffusion and mechanical dispersion. Basic equation of solute transport and water movement equation are provided based on solute transport convection-diffusion mechanism and the conservation of mass. The results can provide theoretical basis for the efficient design of ion-adsorption rare earth mining, and it is also beneficial to tackling environmental pollution in in-situ leaching mining.
In the process of ion-adsorption rare earth mining, there are some problems such as low recovery rate of resources and serious environmental pollution. For the in-situ leaching mining, the mechanism of solute transport in the leaching process is directly related to the leaching rate of rare earth resources and the migration of rare earth ions and residual leaching solution. The solute chemical changes in the process of leaching mining were studied by analyzing the source, composition and properties of the solute in the ion-adsorption rare earth. According to the "shrinkage unreacted core model" in the leaching kinetics, the solute transport on the surface of the mineral particles is divided into four steps. The solute transport mainly includes three physical processes: convection, diffusion and mechanical dispersion. Basic equation of solute transport and water movement equation are provided based on solute transport convection-diffusion mechanism and the conservation of mass. The results can provide theoretical basis for the efficient design of ion-adsorption rare earth mining, and it is also beneficial to tackling environmental pollution in in-situ leaching mining.
引文
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[10] 涂安国. 层状土壤水分入渗与溶质运移研究进展 [J]. 江西农业大学学报, 2017, 39(4): 818.Tu A G. Advances in water infiltration and solute transport in layered soil [J]. Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis, 2017, 39(4): 818.
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[12] 王登红, 赵芝, 于扬, 赵汀, 李建康, 代晶晶, 刘新星, 何晗晗. 离子吸附型稀土资源研究进展、 存在问题及今后研究方向 [J]. 岩矿测试, 2013, 32(5): 796.Wang D H, Zhao Z, Yu Y, Zhao T, Li J K, Dai J J, Liu X X, He H H. Progress, problems and research orientation of ion-adsorption type rare earth resources [J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2013, 32(5): 796.
[13] 罗嗣海, 黄群群, 王观石, 胡世丽, 洪本根. 离子型稀土浸矿过程中渗透性变化规律的试验研究 [J]. 有色金属科学与工程, 2014, 5(2): 95.Luo S H, Huang Q Q, Wang G S, Hu S L, Hong B G. Permeability change rule of ion-adsorption rare-earth in ore leaching process [J]. Nonferrous Metals Science and Engineering, 2014, 5(2): 95.
[14] Tian J, Yin J Q, Chi R A, Rao G H, Jiang M T, Ouyang K X. Kinetics on leaching rare earth from the weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores with ammonium sulfate solution [J]. Hydrometallurgy, 2010, 101(3-4): 166.
[15] 吴爱祥, 尹升华, 王洪江, 苏永定. 堆浸过程溶质运移机理与模型 [J]. 中南大学学报(自然科学版), 2006, 37(2): 386.Wu A X, Yin S H, Wang H J, Su Y D. Solute transport mechanism and model of dump leaching [J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 2006, 37(2): 386.
[2] 池汝安, 田君. 风化壳淋积型稀土矿评述 [J]. 中国稀土学报, 2007, 25(6): 641.Chi R A, Tian J. Review of weathered crust rare earth ore [J]. Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths, 2007, 25(6): 641.
[3] 李永绣, 周新木, 刘艳珠, 李东平, 李静, 唐群. 离子吸附型稀土高效提取和分离技术进展 [J]. 中国稀土学报, 2012, 30(3): 258.Li Y X, Zhou X M, Liu Y Z, Li D P, Li J, Tang Q. Development of high efficiency extraction and separation technologies of rare earths from ion-adsorbed type deposit [J]. Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths, 2012, 30(3): 258.
[4] 郭钟群, 金解放, 赵奎, 王晓军, 陈国梁. 离子吸附型稀土开采工艺与理论研究现状 [J]. 稀土, 2018, 39(1): 132.Guo Z Q, Jin J F, Zhao K, Wang X J, Chen G L. Status of leaching technology and theory of ion adsorption type rare earth ores [J]. Chinese Rare Earths, 2018, 39(1): 132.
[5] Tian J, Yin J Q, Tang X K, Chen J, Luo X P, Rao G H. Enhanced leaching process of a low-grade weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore with carboxymethyl sesbania gum [J]. Hydrometallurgy, 2013, 139(3): 124.
[6] 尹升华, 谢芳芳. 基于Green-Ampt 模型离子型稀土柱浸试验入渗水头的确定 [J]. 中国有色金属学报, 2016, 26(12): 2668. Yin S H, Xie F F. Infiltration head of ion-absorbed rare earth with column leaching experiment determined based on Green-Ampt model [J]. The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, 2016, 26(12): 2668.
[7] 金解放, 陶伟, 邱灿, 郭钟群. 离子型稀土一维垂直入渗规律及最大粒径的影响试验研究 [J]. 有色金属科学与工程, 2015, 6(6): 125.Jin J F, Tao W, Qiu C, Guo Z Q. Experimental research on the one dimensional vertical infiltration rule of ionic rare earth and the effects of maximum particle size [J]. Nonferrous Metals Science and Engineering, 2015, 6(6): 125.
[8] 尹升华, 吴爱祥, 胡凯建, 王洪江. 堆浸过程中溶质运移机制及影响因素 [J]. 中南大学学报(自然科学版), 2011, 42(4): 1092.Yin S H, Wu A X, Hu K J, Wang H J. Solute transportation mechanism of heap leaching and its influencing factors [J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 2011, 42(4): 1092.
[9] 李永绣. 离子型吸附型稀土资源与绿色提取 [M]. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 2014. 27.Li Y X. Ion Adsorption Rare Earth Resources and Their Green Extraction [M]. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2014. 27.
[10] 涂安国. 层状土壤水分入渗与溶质运移研究进展 [J]. 江西农业大学学报, 2017, 39(4): 818.Tu A G. Advances in water infiltration and solute transport in layered soil [J]. Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis, 2017, 39(4): 818.
[11] 池汝安, 田君, 罗仙平, 徐志高, 何正艳. 风化壳淋积型稀土矿的基础研究 [J]. 有色金属科学与工程, 2012, 3(4): 1.Chi R A, Tian J, Luo X P, Xu Z G, He Z Y. The basic research on the weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores [J]. Nonferrous Metals Science and Engineering, 2012, 3(4): 1.
[12] 王登红, 赵芝, 于扬, 赵汀, 李建康, 代晶晶, 刘新星, 何晗晗. 离子吸附型稀土资源研究进展、 存在问题及今后研究方向 [J]. 岩矿测试, 2013, 32(5): 796.Wang D H, Zhao Z, Yu Y, Zhao T, Li J K, Dai J J, Liu X X, He H H. Progress, problems and research orientation of ion-adsorption type rare earth resources [J]. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2013, 32(5): 796.
[13] 罗嗣海, 黄群群, 王观石, 胡世丽, 洪本根. 离子型稀土浸矿过程中渗透性变化规律的试验研究 [J]. 有色金属科学与工程, 2014, 5(2): 95.Luo S H, Huang Q Q, Wang G S, Hu S L, Hong B G. Permeability change rule of ion-adsorption rare-earth in ore leaching process [J]. Nonferrous Metals Science and Engineering, 2014, 5(2): 95.
[14] Tian J, Yin J Q, Chi R A, Rao G H, Jiang M T, Ouyang K X. Kinetics on leaching rare earth from the weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores with ammonium sulfate solution [J]. Hydrometallurgy, 2010, 101(3-4): 166.
[15] 吴爱祥, 尹升华, 王洪江, 苏永定. 堆浸过程溶质运移机理与模型 [J]. 中南大学学报(自然科学版), 2006, 37(2): 386.Wu A X, Yin S H, Wang H J, Su Y D. Solute transport mechanism and model of dump leaching [J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 2006, 37(2): 386.