压力型锚杆抗拔能力模拟实验研究
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摘要
压力型锚杆的应变分布情况反映锚杆损伤破坏位置,利用3次实验室小比例尺模型进行拉拔试验,可以对锚杆的应变分布等进行研究,取得合理的结果。(1)对各级拉拔荷载作用下的锚杆顶部位移进行记录分析,得到了拉力顶部位移与拉力关系图,其曲线的形态说明拉力达到一定程度将引起位移的迅速增加;(2)对锚杆各部位直径增加量做了分析,发现在离承压板锚杆一定位置处直径增加量最大;(3)对锚杆的轴向应变、径向应变的数值和分布情况进行了对比,发现轴向应变是锚杆应变的主要形式,但轴向应变、径向应变分布规律基本一致,都随远离承压位置呈负指数衰减。因此,在提高锚杆的锚固效果方面,减小锚杆承压板附近的形变是一个有效的途径。
The strain distributions of pressure-type anchoring rock bolts represent the damage and destroy positions. Three laboratory small scale simulation pullout experiments are carried out. And the strain distributions can be analyzed. The results are reasonable.( 1) The displacements at the top of anchoring rock bolts are recorded and studied under different pullout forces. The relational graph between displacements at the top of anchoring rock bolts and pullout forces is obtained. And the graph suggests that the displacements would increase rapidly when the pullout forces reach some value.( 2) The diameter increments along the radial direction at different positions of the bolts are compared and the increment at special position near the bearing plate is the largest.( 3) The values and distributions situations of the axial strains and radial strains are compared with each other. And the axial strains are the dominated parts. But the distribution regularities of the axial strains and radial strains are fundamentally consistent. They both decrease in the form of negative index function. Thus,it is a valid way to minish the strains near the bearing plates for improving the rock bolts' anchoring effects.
The strain distributions of pressure-type anchoring rock bolts represent the damage and destroy positions. Three laboratory small scale simulation pullout experiments are carried out. And the strain distributions can be analyzed. The results are reasonable.( 1) The displacements at the top of anchoring rock bolts are recorded and studied under different pullout forces. The relational graph between displacements at the top of anchoring rock bolts and pullout forces is obtained. And the graph suggests that the displacements would increase rapidly when the pullout forces reach some value.( 2) The diameter increments along the radial direction at different positions of the bolts are compared and the increment at special position near the bearing plate is the largest.( 3) The values and distributions situations of the axial strains and radial strains are compared with each other. And the axial strains are the dominated parts. But the distribution regularities of the axial strains and radial strains are fundamentally consistent. They both decrease in the form of negative index function. Thus,it is a valid way to minish the strains near the bearing plates for improving the rock bolts' anchoring effects.
引文
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[12]陈泽松.公路边坡坡率优化设计与压力分散型锚索锚固机理研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2009.(Cheng Zesong.Optimization design of cutting slope ratio in expressway and study on anchoring mechanism of pressure-dispersion anchor cable[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University,2009.(in Chinese))
[2]尤春安.压力型锚索锚固段的受力分析[J].岩土工程学报,2004,26(6):828-831.(You Chun’an.Mechanical analysis on anchorage segment of pressure-type cable[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2004,26(6):828-831.(in Chinese))
[3]何思明,张小刚,王成华.预应力锚索的非线性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(9):153-1541.(He Siming,Zhang Xiaogang,Wang Chenhua.Linear analysis on prestressed cable[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(9):153-1541.(in Chinese))
[4]何思明,张小刚,王成华.基于修正剪切滞模型的预应力锚索作用机理研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(15):2562-2567.(He Siming,Zhang Xiaogang,Wang Chenghua.Study on mechanism of prestressed anchoring cable based on modified shear lag model[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(15):2562-2567.(in Chinese))
[5]徐前卫,尤春安,朱合华.预应力锚索的三维数值模拟及其锚固机理分析[J].地下空间域工程学报,2005,1(2):214-222.(Xu Qianwei,You Chunan,ZhuHehua.Research on 3D numerical simulation of prestressed anchor cable and its anchoring mechanism[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2005,1(2):214-222.(in Chinese))
[6]沈俊.预应力锚索加固机理与设计计算方法研究[D].合肥:中国科技大学,2005.(Shen Jun.Study on the reinforcement mechanism and calculation method for rock engineering reinforced by pre-stressed anchor cable[D]Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China,2005.(in Chinese))
[7]李之光.相似与模拟(理论及应用)[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1982.(Li Zhiguang.Similitude theory and its application[M].Beijing:National Defence Industry Press,1982.(in Chinese))
[8]郑鸿泰.论岩石工程问题的相似材料模拟试验[A]//第一届全国岩石力学数值与模型试验研讨会论文集[C].成都:西南交通大学出版社,1988.(Zheng Hongtai.Discussion of the rock engineering problems and similar material simulation test[A]//The Firstsymposiums Memoir of Rock Mechanics and Model Tests[C].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University Press,1998.(in Chinese))
[9]谈庆明.量纲分析[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,1981.(Tan Qingming.Dimensional analysis.Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China Press,1981.(in Chinese))
[10]顾金才,沈俊,陈安敏,等.锚索预应力在岩体内引起的应变状态模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(增):917-921.(Gu Jincai,Shen Jun,Chen Anmin,et al.Model testing study of strain distribution regularity in rock mass caused by prestressed anchorage cable[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(Supp.):917-921.(in Chinese))
[11]顾金才,陈安敏,徐景茂,等.在爆炸荷载条件下锚杆洞室破坏形态对比试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(7):1315-1320.(Gu Jincai,Chen Anmin,Xu Jingmao,et al.Model test study of failure patterns of anchored tunnel subjected to explosion load[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(7):1315-1320.(in Chinese))
[12]陈泽松.公路边坡坡率优化设计与压力分散型锚索锚固机理研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2009.(Cheng Zesong.Optimization design of cutting slope ratio in expressway and study on anchoring mechanism of pressure-dispersion anchor cable[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University,2009.(in Chinese))