喷灌和沟灌方式对农田土壤NH_3挥发的影响
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摘要
研究了2016和2017年传统灌溉(沟灌)和节水灌溉(喷灌)方式氨(NH_3)挥发的季节年际动态变化特征及其影响因素.采用通气法进行原位监测,分析了土壤温度、体积含水量、铵态氮(NH_4~+-N)、硝态氮(NO_3~--N)以及气温降水等因素对NH_3挥发的影响.结果表明,NH_3挥发速率的峰值出现在施用氮肥后1～2周,喷灌有效降低NH_3挥发峰值,喷灌和沟灌的NH_3挥发速率峰值在2016年分别为2.67kg/(hm~2·d)和11.11kg/(hm~2·d),2017年分别为2.42kg/(hm~2·d)和11.73kg/(hm~2·d);马铃薯生长季NH_3挥发存在明显的季节变化,挥发高峰主要发生在7～8月,追肥期高于基肥期.2016～2017年农田土壤NH_3累积挥发量均表现为喷灌<沟灌,与沟灌相比,喷灌分别减少58.15%和43.55%.NH_3挥发速率与土壤温度呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与体积含水量、NH_4~+-N、NO_3~--N浓度呈极显著正相关(P<0.01).
Seasonal characteristics and influencing factors of ammonia(NH_3)volatilization from farmland under traditional irrigation(furrow irrigation)and water-saving irrigation(sprinkler irrigation)in 2016 and 2017 were studied.Effects of soil temperature,volumetric water content,ammonium nitrogen(NH_4~+-N),nitrate nitrogen(NO_3~--N),temperature and precipitation on ammonia volatilization were analyzed by in-situ ventilation measurements.The results showed that NH_3 volatilization rate increased up to 1～2weeks after nitrogen application,with the maximum values of 2.67kg/(hm~2·d),11.11kg/(hm~2·d)in 2016 and 2.42kg/(hm~2·d),11.73kg/(hm~2·d)in 2017,under furrow irrigation and sprinkler irrigation,respectively.The ammonia volatilization showed obvious seasonal pattern in potato growing season,higher in July-August and higher in top-dressing stage than base fertilizer stage.Accumulative volatilization showed sprinkler irrigation produced less NH_3than furrow irrigation,compared with furrow irrigation,sprinkler irrigation with a decrease of 58.15% and 43.55% in 2016 and 2017,respectively.There was a significant positive correlation between NH_3volatilization rate and soil temperature(P<0.05),and significant positive correlations with volumetric water content,NH_4~+-N and NO_3~--N concentration(P<0.01).
Seasonal characteristics and influencing factors of ammonia(NH_3)volatilization from farmland under traditional irrigation(furrow irrigation)and water-saving irrigation(sprinkler irrigation)in 2016 and 2017 were studied.Effects of soil temperature,volumetric water content,ammonium nitrogen(NH_4~+-N),nitrate nitrogen(NO_3~--N),temperature and precipitation on ammonia volatilization were analyzed by in-situ ventilation measurements.The results showed that NH_3 volatilization rate increased up to 1～2weeks after nitrogen application,with the maximum values of 2.67kg/(hm~2·d),11.11kg/(hm~2·d)in 2016 and 2.42kg/(hm~2·d),11.73kg/(hm~2·d)in 2017,under furrow irrigation and sprinkler irrigation,respectively.The ammonia volatilization showed obvious seasonal pattern in potato growing season,higher in July-August and higher in top-dressing stage than base fertilizer stage.Accumulative volatilization showed sprinkler irrigation produced less NH_3than furrow irrigation,compared with furrow irrigation,sprinkler irrigation with a decrease of 58.15% and 43.55% in 2016 and 2017,respectively.There was a significant positive correlation between NH_3volatilization rate and soil temperature(P<0.05),and significant positive correlations with volumetric water content,NH_4~+-N and NO_3~--N concentration(P<0.01).
引文
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[17]Rochette P,Angers D A,Chantigny M H,et al.Ammonia volatilization following surface application of urea to tilled and no-till soils:Alaboratory comparison[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2009,103(2):310-315.
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