利用OMI数据对我国西部城市NO_2柱浓度的时空分布特征研究——以天水市为例
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摘要
城市大气污染的有效控制得益于对气候条件、污染物来源和汇的不同时空分布特征的掌握。利用卫星OMI传感器,反演了2007—2015年9年来对流层NO_2的数据产品,研究了天水市对流层NO_2柱浓度的时空分布特征及其管控策略。结果表明:(1)天水市对流层NO_2柱浓度在空间上呈现明显的东高西低空间分布格局,具有从东部向西部扩展并逐渐降低的空间动态变化特征;(2)天水市对流层NO_2柱浓度在时间分布上,9年时间里呈现小幅上升趋势,且春夏高秋冬低,与我国东部地区季节规律相反,月均值变化呈倒U型;(3)天水市对流层NO_2柱浓度时空分布格局与当地地理条件、污染物来源和汇以及上风向污染的输送有关;(4)与我国东部城市比较,天水市对流层NO_2柱浓度普遍较低,但9年来县(区)域的变化率较大(10%~14%)以及市域年度变化率较高。未雨绸缪制定环境管理策略,以避免大气环境污染的发生和加剧。
The effective control of urban air pollution is due to the mastery of different temporal and spatial characteristics of climatic conditions,sources and sinks.This paper uses satellite OMI sensor to invert the data of tropospheric NO_2 from 2007 to 2015,and analyzes the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of NO_2 column concentration including its controlling factor.The results show that(1)the NO_2 column concentration is obviously lower in the west than in the east,and is gradually decreasing with the distribution from east to west;(2)the temporal patterns show a slight upward trend.The column concentrations in spring and summer are higher than those in autumn and winter,which is opposite to the seasonal trend over the eastern China during the 9 years;The curve graph of monthly mean value tends to be reversed"U".(3) The spatiotemporal patterns of NO_2 column concentration are related to the local geographical conditions,pollutant sources and sinks and upwind pollution;(4) Compared with the eastern cities of China,the tropospheric NO_2 column concentration in Tianshui City is generally low.But the multi-year variation in the county(district)is relatively high(10%~14%),and the inter-annual variation in the city domain is relatively high as well.Relevant departments should plan to draw up environmental management strategies early to avoid the occurrence and intensification of atmospheric environmental pollution.
The effective control of urban air pollution is due to the mastery of different temporal and spatial characteristics of climatic conditions,sources and sinks.This paper uses satellite OMI sensor to invert the data of tropospheric NO_2 from 2007 to 2015,and analyzes the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of NO_2 column concentration including its controlling factor.The results show that(1)the NO_2 column concentration is obviously lower in the west than in the east,and is gradually decreasing with the distribution from east to west;(2)the temporal patterns show a slight upward trend.The column concentrations in spring and summer are higher than those in autumn and winter,which is opposite to the seasonal trend over the eastern China during the 9 years;The curve graph of monthly mean value tends to be reversed"U".(3) The spatiotemporal patterns of NO_2 column concentration are related to the local geographical conditions,pollutant sources and sinks and upwind pollution;(4) Compared with the eastern cities of China,the tropospheric NO_2 column concentration in Tianshui City is generally low.But the multi-year variation in the county(district)is relatively high(10%~14%),and the inter-annual variation in the city domain is relatively high as well.Relevant departments should plan to draw up environmental management strategies early to avoid the occurrence and intensification of atmospheric environmental pollution.
引文
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[12]杜金辉,孙娟,杜廷芹,等.基于OMI数据的青岛市SO2和NO2干沉降通量估算[J].安全与环境工程,2015,22(1):60-65.
[13]张杰,李昂,谢品华,等.基于卫星数据研究兰州市NO2时空分布特征以及冬季NOx排放通量[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(8):2291-2297.
[14]姜杰.基于OMI卫星数据和数值模拟的中国大气SO2浓度监测与排放量估算[D].南京:南京师范大学,2012.
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[17]Kramer L J,Leigh R J,Remedios J J,et al.Comparison of OMI and ground-based in situ and MAX-DOAS measurements of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide in an urban area[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2008,113(D16):1-12.
[18]Huijnen V,Eskes H J,Poupkou A,et al.Comparison of OMI NO2tropospheric columns with an ensemble of global and European regional air quality models[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2010,10(7):3273-3296.
[19]高晋徽,朱彬,王言哲,等.2005—2013年中国地区对流层二氧化氮分布及变化趋势[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(8):2307-2318.
[20]周春艳,厉青,王中挺,等.2005年—2014年京津冀对流层NO2柱浓度时空变化及影响因素[J].遥感学报,2016,20(3):468-480.
[21]周春艳.近10年长三角对流层NO2柱浓度月、季、年遥感监测[C]//中国环境科学学会.2016中国环境科学学会学术年会论文集:第二卷.北京:中国环境科学学会,2016.
[22]周春艳,厉青,何颖霞,等.山东省近10年对流层NO2柱浓度时空变化及影响因素[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(08):2281-2290.
[23]Ting W,Wang P C,Hendrick F,et al.The spatial and temporal variability of tropospheric NO2 during 2005-14over China observed by the OMI[J].Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters,2015,8(6):392-396.
[24]Zhou Y,Brunner D,Boersma K F,et al.An improved tropospheric NO2 retrieval for OMI observations in the vicinity of mountainous terrain[J].Atmospheric Measurement Techniques,2009,2(2):401-416.
[2]潘月云,陈多宏,叶斯琪,等.广东省大气污染典型案例特征及其影响因素分析[J].安全与环境工程,2017,24(2):58-66.
[3]陈娟,程继雄,曾艳,等.湖北省主要固定燃烧源大气颗粒物及VOCs排放特征研究[J].安全与环境工程,2016,23(5):85-91.
[4]臧星华,鲁垠涛,姚宏,等.中国主要大气污染物的时空分布特征研究[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(8):1322-1329.
[5]闫欢欢,张兴赢,王维和.卫星遥感监测全球和中国区域污染气体NO2和SO2时空变化[J].科技导报,2015,33(17):41-51.
[6]Russell A R,Valin L C,Cohen R C.Trends in OMI NO2observations over the United States:Effects of emission control technology and the economic recession[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2012,12(24):12197-12209.
[7]张兴赢,张鹏,张艳,等.近10a中国对流层NO2的变化趋势,时空分布特征及其来源解析[J].中国科学:D辑,2007,37(10):1409-1416.
[8]李龙,施润和,陈圆圆,等.基于OMI数据的中国NO2时空分布与人类影响分析[J].地球信息科学学报,2013,15(5):688-694.
[9]程苗苗.基于OMI数据的浙江省对流层NO2柱浓度时空动态分布[D].杭州:浙江农林大学,2010.
[10]周春艳,厉青,何颖霞,等.山东省近10年对流层NO2柱浓度时空变化及影响因素[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(8):2281-2290.
[11]李兵.基于卫星遥感数据的甘肃省对流层NO2时空分布特征研究[D].兰州:西北师范大学,2016.
[12]杜金辉,孙娟,杜廷芹,等.基于OMI数据的青岛市SO2和NO2干沉降通量估算[J].安全与环境工程,2015,22(1):60-65.
[13]张杰,李昂,谢品华,等.基于卫星数据研究兰州市NO2时空分布特征以及冬季NOx排放通量[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(8):2291-2297.
[14]姜杰.基于OMI卫星数据和数值模拟的中国大气SO2浓度监测与排放量估算[D].南京:南京师范大学,2012.
[15]Piters A J M,Bramstedt K,Lambert J C,et al.Overview of SCIAMACHY validation:2002—2004[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2006,6(1):127-148.
[16]Levelt P,Veefkind P,Bhartia P,et al.Ten years of OMI observations:Scientific highlights and impacts on the new generation of UV/VIS satellite instrumentation[C]//EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts.April 27-May 2,2014,Vienna,Austria.Gottingen,Germany:Copernicus Meetings,2014,16.
[17]Kramer L J,Leigh R J,Remedios J J,et al.Comparison of OMI and ground-based in situ and MAX-DOAS measurements of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide in an urban area[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2008,113(D16):1-12.
[18]Huijnen V,Eskes H J,Poupkou A,et al.Comparison of OMI NO2tropospheric columns with an ensemble of global and European regional air quality models[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2010,10(7):3273-3296.
[19]高晋徽,朱彬,王言哲,等.2005—2013年中国地区对流层二氧化氮分布及变化趋势[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(8):2307-2318.
[20]周春艳,厉青,王中挺,等.2005年—2014年京津冀对流层NO2柱浓度时空变化及影响因素[J].遥感学报,2016,20(3):468-480.
[21]周春艳.近10年长三角对流层NO2柱浓度月、季、年遥感监测[C]//中国环境科学学会.2016中国环境科学学会学术年会论文集:第二卷.北京:中国环境科学学会,2016.
[22]周春艳,厉青,何颖霞,等.山东省近10年对流层NO2柱浓度时空变化及影响因素[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(08):2281-2290.
[23]Ting W,Wang P C,Hendrick F,et al.The spatial and temporal variability of tropospheric NO2 during 2005-14over China observed by the OMI[J].Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters,2015,8(6):392-396.
[24]Zhou Y,Brunner D,Boersma K F,et al.An improved tropospheric NO2 retrieval for OMI observations in the vicinity of mountainous terrain[J].Atmospheric Measurement Techniques,2009,2(2):401-416.