利用卫星大地测量技术研究海面动力地形及地转流的进展
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摘要
随着卫星大地测量技术的发展,平均海平面高度与大地水准面资料的分辨率和精度得到大幅提高,这为确定高精度高分辨率的海面动力地形提供了条件,进而也促进了海面动力地形及地转流研究的发展.本文从数据资料、计算方法、空间尺度分析、误差分析及多源数据融合五个方面总结了目前利用卫星大地测量技术研究海面动力地形及地转流的进展.在此基础上,对目前该研究中存在的问题进行了分析,并对该研究今后的重点发展方向进行了展望.
The Mean dynamic topography (MDT) is the deviation of mean sea surface from geoid field. Applying the geostrophic equilibrium theory, the surface geostrophic circulation could be determined by the gradient of MDT. According to the definition of MDT,its determination requires the mean sea surface and geoid data. Following the great developments of the satellite geodetic techniques,the mean sea surface height and global geoid fields could be determined precisely with considerable spatial resolution from space. These high quality mean sea surface height and geoid data enable us to precisely determine the geodetic MDT at smaller spatial scale,and enhance the research on geostrophic current. This paper summarized the research progress in both geodetic MDT and geostrophic current from data quality,calculation methods of MDT and geostrophic currents, spatial resolution analyses, errors analyses,and multiple-data combination. Furthermore,we present the main problems and give some recommendations of the following research work for the above researches.
The Mean dynamic topography (MDT) is the deviation of mean sea surface from geoid field. Applying the geostrophic equilibrium theory, the surface geostrophic circulation could be determined by the gradient of MDT. According to the definition of MDT,its determination requires the mean sea surface and geoid data. Following the great developments of the satellite geodetic techniques,the mean sea surface height and global geoid fields could be determined precisely with considerable spatial resolution from space. These high quality mean sea surface height and geoid data enable us to precisely determine the geodetic MDT at smaller spatial scale,and enhance the research on geostrophic current. This paper summarized the research progress in both geodetic MDT and geostrophic current from data quality,calculation methods of MDT and geostrophic currents, spatial resolution analyses, errors analyses,and multiple-data combination. Furthermore,we present the main problems and give some recommendations of the following research work for the above researches.
引文
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Bingham R J.2010.Nonlinear anisotropic diffusive filtering applied to the ocean’s mean dynamic topography[J].Remote Sensing Letters.1(4):205-212.
Bingham R J,Haines K,Hughes C W,et al.2008.Calculating the ocean’s mean dynamic topography from a mean sea surface and a geoid[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology,25(10):1808-1822.
Bingham R J,Haines K,Lea D J.2014.How well can we measure the ocean’s mean dynamic topography from space?[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans.119:3336-3356.
Bingham R J,Knudsen P,Andersen O,et al.2011a.An initial estimate of the North Atlantic steady-state geostrophic circulation from GOCE[J].Geophysical Research Letters,38(1).
Bingham R J,Knudsen P,Andersen O,et al.2011b.Estimating the North Atlantic mean dynamic topography and geostrophic currents with GOCE[A].//Proceedings of 4th International GOCE User Workshop[C].
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Bruinsma S,Foerste C,Abrikosov O.2013.The new ESA satellite-only gravity field model via the direct approach[J].Geophysical Research Letters.40(14):3607-3612.
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Elema I.1993.Influence of geoid model uncertainty on the determination of ocean circulation with satellite altimetry[thesis].Technische Universiteit Delft,Fculteit der geodesie.
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Feng G P,Jin S G,Reales J M S.2014.Global ocean surface geostrophic currents estimated from satellite altimetry,GRACE and GOCE[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica(in Chinese).36(9):45-55.
F?rste C,Bruinsma S L,Abrikosov O,et al.2014.The latest combines global gravity field model including GOCE data up degree and order2190 of GFZ Potsdam and GRGS Toulouse[C].5thGOCE User Workshop,Paris.
Gatti A,Reguzzoni M,Migliaccio F,et al.2014.Space-wise grids of gravity gradients from GOCE data at nominal satellite altitude[A].5th International GOCE User Workshop[C],UNESCO,Paris,France.
Griesel A,Mazloff M.R,et al.2012.Mean dynamic topography in the Southern Ocean:Evaluating Antarctic Circumpolar Current transport[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans.117(C1).
Grodsky S A,Lumpkin R,Carton J A.2011.Spurious trends in global surface drifter currents[J].Geophysical Research Letters,38(10).
Haines K,Johannessen J A,et al.2011.An ocean modelling and assimilation guide to using GOCE geoid products[J].Ocean Sci.7(1):151-164.
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Hwang C,Chen S.2000.Circulation and eddies over the South China Sea derived from TOPEX/POSEIDON altimetry[J].Journal of Geophysical Research.105(C10):23943-23965.
Jayne S R.2006.Circulation of the North Atlantic Ocean from altimetry and the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment geoid[J].Journal of Geophysical Research.111(C03005).
Jekeli C.1981.Alternative methods to smooth the Earth’s gravity field[Ph.D.thesis].Report No.327,Columbus:Department of Geodetic Science and Surveying.The Ohio State University.
Jin S G,Feng G P,Andersen O B.2014.Errors of mean dynamic topography and geostrophic currents estimates in China’s Marginal Seas from GOCE and satellite altimetry[J].J.Atmos.Oceanic Technol.
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Lysaker D I.2009.Mean Dynamic Topography and Geostrophic Surface Currents in the Fram Strait Derived from Geodetic Data.Marine Geodesy.32(1):42-63.
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Bruinsma S,Foerste C,Abrikosov O.2013.The new ESA satellite-only gravity field model via the direct approach[J].Geophysical Research Letters.40(14):3607-3612.
Drecourt J P,Haines K,Martin M.2006.Influence of systematic error correction on the temporal behavior of an ocean model[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,111(C11020).
Elema I.1993.Influence of geoid model uncertainty on the determination of ocean circulation with satellite altimetry[thesis].Technische Universiteit Delft,Fculteit der geodesie.
Emery W J,Thomson R E.2001.Data Analysis Methods in Physical Oceanography[M].Elsevier.
Farrell S L,Mc Adoo D C,Laxon S W,et al.2012.Mean dynamic topography of the Arctic Ocean[J].Geophysical Research Letters,39(1).
Feng G P,Jin S G,Reales J M S.2014.Global ocean surface geostrophic currents estimated from satellite altimetry,GRACE and GOCE[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica(in Chinese).36(9):45-55.
F?rste C,Bruinsma S L,Abrikosov O,et al.2014.The latest combines global gravity field model including GOCE data up degree and order2190 of GFZ Potsdam and GRGS Toulouse[C].5thGOCE User Workshop,Paris.
Gatti A,Reguzzoni M,Migliaccio F,et al.2014.Space-wise grids of gravity gradients from GOCE data at nominal satellite altitude[A].5th International GOCE User Workshop[C],UNESCO,Paris,France.
Griesel A,Mazloff M.R,et al.2012.Mean dynamic topography in the Southern Ocean:Evaluating Antarctic Circumpolar Current transport[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans.117(C1).
Grodsky S A,Lumpkin R,Carton J A.2011.Spurious trends in global surface drifter currents[J].Geophysical Research Letters,38(10).
Haines K,Johannessen J A,et al.2011.An ocean modelling and assimilation guide to using GOCE geoid products[J].Ocean Sci.7(1):151-164.
Heiskanen W A,Moritz H.1967.Physical Geodesy[M].San Francisco:W.H.Freeman and Co.
Huang R X.2010.Ocean Circulation:Wind-Driven and Thermohaline Processes[M].Cambridge:Cambridge Press.
Hughes C W,Bingham R J.2008.An oceanographer’s guide to GOCEand geoid[J].Ocean Sci.4:15-29.
Hwang C,Chen S.2000.Circulation and eddies over the South China Sea derived from TOPEX/POSEIDON altimetry[J].Journal of Geophysical Research.105(C10):23943-23965.
Jayne S R.2006.Circulation of the North Atlantic Ocean from altimetry and the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment geoid[J].Journal of Geophysical Research.111(C03005).
Jekeli C.1981.Alternative methods to smooth the Earth’s gravity field[Ph.D.thesis].Report No.327,Columbus:Department of Geodetic Science and Surveying.The Ohio State University.
Jin S G,Feng G P,Andersen O B.2014.Errors of mean dynamic topography and geostrophic currents estimates in China’s Marginal Seas from GOCE and satellite altimetry[J].J.Atmos.Oceanic Technol.
Jin T Y,Li J C,Jiang W P,et al.2011.The New Generation of Global Mean Sea Surface Height Model Based on Muti-altimetric Data[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica.40(6).
Knauss J A.1997.Introduction to physical oceanography[M].New Jersey:Prentice Hall.
Knudsen P,Bingham R,Andersen O,et al.2011.A global mean dynamic topography and ocean circulation estimation using a preliminary GOCE gravity model[J].Journal of Geodesy,85(11):861-879.
Lerch F J,Marsh J G,Klosko S M,et al.1982.Gravity model improvement for Seasat.J.Geophys.Res.87(C5):3281.
Lerch F J,Putney B H,Wagner C A,et al.1981.Goddard Earth Models for Oceanographic Applications(GEN 10B and 10C).Mar.Geod.5(145).
Levitus S,Boyer T P.1994.temperature NOAA Atlas NESDIS 117(4)[A].//World ocean atlas 1994 volume 4[C].National Ocean and Atmosphere Administration USA.
Losch M,Schr?ter J.2004 Estimating the circulation from hydrography and satellite altimetry in the Southern Ocean:limitations imposed by the current geoid models[J].Deep-sea research.51(9):1131-1143.
Lumpkin R,Pazos M.2007.Measuring surface currents with Surface Velocity Program drifters:the instrument,its data,and some recent results[A].//Lagrangian analysis and prediction of coastal and ocean dynamics[C].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,39-67.
Lysaker D I.2009.Mean Dynamic Topography and Geostrophic Surface Currents in the Fram Strait Derived from Geodetic Data.Marine Geodesy.32(1):42-63.
Maximenko N,Niiler P,Centurioni L,et al.2009.Mean Dynamic Topography of the Ocean Derived from Satellite and Drifting Buoy Data Using Three Different Techniques*[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology,26(9):1910-1919.
Mayer G T,et al.2015.The combined satellite gravity field model GOCO05s[A].EGU[C],Vienna.
Mayer G T,Eicker A,Kurtenbach E,et al.2010.ITG-GRACE:global static and temporal gravity field models from GRACE data[A].System Earth via Geodetic-Geophysical Space Techniques[C].Springer:159-168.
Mayer G T,Zehentner N,Klinger B,et al.2014.ITSG-Grace2014:a new GRACE gravity field release computed in Graz[A].GRACEScience Team Meeting(GSTM)[C].Potsdam.
Mulet S,Rio M H,Bingham R,et al.2011.An Oceanographic Assessment of the Preliminary GOCE Geoid Models Accuracy[A].Proceedings of 4th International GOCE User Workshop[C].696:30.
Nerem R S,Koblinsky C J.1994.Chapter 16:The Geoid and Ocean Circulation[A].//Vanicek P.Geoid and Its Geophysical Interpretations[C].CRC press,321-335.
Niiler P P,Maximenko N A,et al.2003.Dynamically balanced absolute sea level of the global ocean derived from near-surface velocity observations[J].Geophysical Research Letters,30(22).
Pail R,Giginge H,Schun W D,et al.2010b.Combined satellite gravity field model GOCO01S derived from GOCE and GRACE[J].Geophysical Research Letters.37(20):314.
Pail R,Goiginger H,Mayrhofer R,et al.2010a.GOCE gravity field model derived from orbit and gradiometry data applying the time-wise method[A].Proceedings of the ESA Living Planet Symposium[C].ESA Publication SP-686,ESA/ESTEC,ISBN(Online):978-92.
Pavlis N K,Holmes S A,Kenyon S C,et al.2011.The development and evaluation of the Earth Gravitational Model 2008(EGM2008)[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2156-2202.
Peng L F.2014.Precise and Quantitative Research on Global Ocean Circulation and Its Change Using Satellite Altimeter Data[Ph.D.thesis].Wuhan:Wuhan University.
Peng L F,Jiang W P,Jin T Y,et al.2013.The global dynamic topography and its corresponding sea surface geostrophic current derived from GOCE gravity field model[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica(in Chinese),35(2):15-20.
Reguzzoni M,Tselfes N.2009.Optimal multi-step collocation:application to the space-wise approach for GOCE data analysis[J].Journal of Geodesy.83(1):13-29.
Rio M H,Guinehut S,Larnicol G.2011.New CNES-CLS09 global mean dynamic topography computed from the combination of GRACEdata,altimetry,and in situ measurements[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans(1978-2012),116(C7).
Rio M H,Hernandez F.2004.A mean dynamic topography computed over the world ocean from altimetry,in situ measurements,and a geoid model[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans(1978-2012),109(C12).
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