环境因子对微藻胞外多聚物主要组分的影响
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摘要
胞外多聚物(extracellular polymeric substances,EPS)对于微藻细胞的生长和用途具有重要的影响.以1株葡萄藻、1株栅藻和2株小球藻为研究对象,考察氮源含量改变时微藻EPS中主要组分多糖和蛋白质的变化情况.选取长势最优的葡萄藻,研究pH值、温度和培养方式对EPS组分的影响.结果表明:缺氮的生长环境会引起EPS中蛋白质含量的减少,最多可减少56.0%;微藻EPS中最多的是胞外多糖,占总EPS组分的58.08%~80.78%,而胞外蛋白质含量则占5.73%~13.45%;相比葡萄藻和栅藻,小球藻胞外存在更多的多糖和蛋白质.对于葡萄藻,pH值为11时EPS中多糖和蛋白质含量(按每克细胞计)与pH值为7时相比分别增加0.135和0.018g;降低温度使EPS多糖含量从0.014g急剧增加到0.600g;异养培养时EPS中多糖含量更高而自养培养时蛋白质含量更高.
Extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)have an important effect on cell growth,flocculation,biofilm formation,etc.In this paper,one strain of Botryococcus,one strain of Scenedesmus,and two strains of Chlorella were selected to investigate the polysaccharide and protein in EPS when the nitrogen content,pH,temperature and the culture mode changed.The results showed that the nitrogen-deficient growth environment caused a reduction of up to 56.0% in protein.Polysaccharides accounted for 58.08% to80.78% of EPS,while proteins accounted for 5.73%to 13.45%.There were more polysaccharides and proteins in Chlorella strains than in other species.As elaborated in the representative Botryococcus strain,when the pH value was 11,the polysaccharide and protein contents(per gram of cell weight)in EPS approximately increased by 0.135 g and 0.018 g,respectively,compared with the data at pH 7.The content of polysaccharide also increased from 0.014 g to 0.600 g as the temperature decreased.When the culture mode changed,the polysaccharide content in EPS of the heterotrophic cultivation was higher than that of the autotrophic cultivation,while the protein content showed the opposite trend.
Extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)have an important effect on cell growth,flocculation,biofilm formation,etc.In this paper,one strain of Botryococcus,one strain of Scenedesmus,and two strains of Chlorella were selected to investigate the polysaccharide and protein in EPS when the nitrogen content,pH,temperature and the culture mode changed.The results showed that the nitrogen-deficient growth environment caused a reduction of up to 56.0% in protein.Polysaccharides accounted for 58.08% to80.78% of EPS,while proteins accounted for 5.73%to 13.45%.There were more polysaccharides and proteins in Chlorella strains than in other species.As elaborated in the representative Botryococcus strain,when the pH value was 11,the polysaccharide and protein contents(per gram of cell weight)in EPS approximately increased by 0.135 g and 0.018 g,respectively,compared with the data at pH 7.The content of polysaccharide also increased from 0.014 g to 0.600 g as the temperature decreased.When the culture mode changed,the polysaccharide content in EPS of the heterotrophic cultivation was higher than that of the autotrophic cultivation,while the protein content showed the opposite trend.
引文
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[2]SHENG G P,YU H Q,LI X Y.Extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)of microbial aggregates in biological wastewater treatment systems:a review[J].Biotechnology Advances,2010,28(6):882-894.
[3]YANG Z,KONG F,SHI X,et al.Changes in the morphopogy and polysaccharide content of Microcystis aeruginosa(Cyanobacteria)during flagellate grazing(1)[J].Journal of Phycology,2008,44(3):716-720.
[4]QU F,LIANG H,WANG Z,et al.Ultrafiltration membrane fouling by extracellular organic matters(EOM)of Microcystis aeruginosa in stationary phase:influences of interfacial characteristics of foulants and fouling mechanisms[J].Water Research,2012,46(5):1490-1500.
[5]DE JESUS RAPOSO M F,DE MORAIS A M M B,DE MORAIS R M S C.Bioactivity and applications of polysaccharides from marine microalgae[M]∥RAMAWAT K G,MERILLON J-M.Polysaccharides:bioactivity and biotechnology.Cham:Springer International Publishing,2015:1683-1727.
[6]PAULSEN B,ASLAKSEN T,S.FREIRE-NORDI C,et al.Extracellular polysaccharides from Ankistrodesmus densus(Chlorophyceae)[J].Journal of Phycology,1998,34(4):638-641.
[7]WANG M,KUO-DAHAB W C,DOLAN S,et al.Kinetics of nutrient removal and expression of extracellular polymeric substances of the microalgae,Chlorella sp.and Micractinium sp.,in wastewater treatment[J].Bioresour Technol,2014,154:131-137.
[8]LI X Y,YANG S F.Influence of loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)on the flocculation,sedimentation and dewaterability of activated sludge[J].Water Research,2007,41(5):1022-1030.
[9]SHIPIN O V,MEIRRING P,PHASWANA R,et al.Integrating ponds and activated sludge process in the PETRO concept[J].Water Research,1999,33(8):1767-1774.
[10]BOONCHAI R,KAEWSUK J,SEO G.Effect of nutrient starvation on nutrient uptake and extracellular polymeric substance for microalgae cultivation and separation[J].Desalination and Water Treatment,2014,55(2):360-367.
[11]LIU Y,FANG H H P.Influences of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)on flocculation,settling,and dewatering of activated sludge[J].Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology,2003,33(3):237-273.
[12]陈长平,徐华林,梁君荣,等.镉离子对红树林底栖硅藻新月筒柱藻胞外多糖的影响[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),2013,52(1):122-126.
[13]XU H,CAI H,YU G,et al.Insights into extracellular polymeric substances of cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa using fractionation procedure and parallel factor analysis[J].Water Research,2013,47(6):2005-2014.
[14]ABREU I,CERDA M E,DE NANCLARES M P,et al.Boron deficiency affects rhizobia cell surface polysaccharides important for suppression of plant defense mechanisms during legume recognition and for development of nitrogen-fixing symbiosis[J].Plant and Soil,2012,361(1):385-395.
[15]HAMMOND J B W,KRUGER N J.The Bradford method for protein quantitation[J].Methods in Molecular Biology,1994,32(32):9.
[16]TAYLOR K A C C.A modification of the phenol/sulfuric acid assay for total carbohydrates giving more comparable absorbances[J].Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology,1995,53(3):207-214.
[17]DURMAZ B,SANIN F D.Effect of carbon to nitrogen ratio on the composition of microbial extracellular polymers in activated sludge[J].Water Science and Technology,2001,44(10):221-229.
[18]LIU L Z,HUANG Q,ZHANG Y L,et al.Excitationemission matrix fluorescence and parallel factor analyses of the effects of N and P nutrients on the extracellular polymeric substances of Microcystis aeruginosa[J].Limnologica,2017,63:18-26.
[19]METIVIER R,BOURVEN I,LABANOWSKI J,et al.Interaction of erythromycin ethylsuccinate and acetami-nophen with protein fraction of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)from various bacterial aggregates[J].Environ Sci Pollut Res Int,2013,20(10):7275-7285.
[20]ZHANG W J,CAO B D,WANG D S,et al.Variations in distribution and composition of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)of biological sludge under potassium ferrate conditioning:effects of pH and ferrate dosage[J].Biochemical Engineering Journal,2016,106:37-47.
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