基于便携式作物生长监测诊断仪的江西双季稻氮肥调控研究
|
摘要
建立基于便携式作物生长监测诊断仪的江西双季稻氮肥调控模型,利用模型推荐穗肥追氮量,实现江西双季稻氮肥追施的精确管理。基于不同株型品种和氮肥处理的田间试验资料,构建了双季稻叶面积指数光谱监测模型,利用拔节期的差值植被指数实时估测叶面积指数,进而结合江西双季稻高产栽培经验和建立的氮肥调控模型,对双季稻穗肥追氮量进行实时推荐,并和当地农户施肥方案和产量进行比较。双季稻关键生育期(分蘖期、拔节期、孕穗期、抽穗期和灌浆期)的冠层差值植被指数DVI(810,720)与叶面积指数均呈显著正相关,线性函数拟合效果优于其他函数。利用独立试验资料对所建模型进行了检验,单生育期的模型预测效果优于全生育期模型;其中,拔节期的光谱监测模型表现最佳,早稻和晚稻叶面积指数的光谱监测模型的R2分别为0.880 6和0.878 8,模型预测早稻和晚稻叶面积指数的均方根误差、相对均方根误差、相关系数分别为0.30和0.25、7.28%和6.18%、0.923 2和0.926 9。氮肥调控模型推荐施肥应用表明,紧凑型品种的穗肥用量高于松散型品种;与农户方案相比,氮肥调控模型推荐施肥的调控方案在产量不降低的情况下减少氮肥用量6.58kg/hm2,提高氮肥农学利用率0.82个百分点、净收益103元/hm2和产投比0.9,而产量比农户方案略高或持平。与传统非定量农户施肥法相比,基于便携式作物生长监测诊断仪的双季稻氮肥调控方法可在保证产量的情况下,减少施氮量,提高氮肥农学利用率,获得更高经济效益,在江西双季稻生产中具有推广应用价值。
The fast, real-time, non-destructive and quantitative monitoring of plant nitrogen status and precise regulation of nitrogen fertilizer has important practical significance for the development of double cropping rice production with higher yield, better grain quality, higher economic efficiency and more ecological safety. The objective of this study was to establish regulation model of nitrogen fertilizer for double cropping rice based on the portable apparatus for crop growth monitoring and diagnosis, which was a multi-spectral sensor containing 810 and 720 nm detection lens and structurally was divided into up-sensor and down-sensor, then recommend nitrogen topdressing rate, so as to achieve precise management of nitrogen topdressing. The spectra monitoring model of leaf area index(LAI) was established based on the datasets of field experiment with different plant type cultivars and nitrogen application rates. The nitrogen topdressing rate were calculated with the newly developed regulation of nitrogen fertilizer model and high yield cultivation experience with LAI, which was real-time estimated from the differential vegetation index(DVI) at jointing stage. Then the recommend nitrogen topdressing rate and grain yield were compared with those of farmer's nitrogen management treatment. Canopy DVI(810, 720) was well positive correlated with LAI at key development stages(tillering stage, jointing stage, booting stage, heading stage and filling stage) of the double cropping rice, and the linear function better fitted the relation than other functions. The models were validated using independent field experiment datasets, involving different plant type cultivars and nitrogen application rates, the prediction effect of model for single stage was better than the whole stage, especially at jointing stage. The coefficient of determination(R2) of spectral monitoring model for LAI in early rice and late rice was 0.880 6 and 0.878 8, respectively. The root mean square error(RMSE), relative root mean square error(RRMSE), correlation coefficient(r) of prediction of LAI in early rice and late rice was 0.30 and 0.25, 7.28% and 6.18%, 0.923 2 and 0.926 9, respectively. The results of recommend nitrogen topdressing based on regulation model of nitrogen fertilizer indicated that the panicle nitrogen rate of compact plant type cultivar was higher than that of loose plant type cultivar. Compared with the farmer's nitrogen management treatment, the regulation treatments based on regulation model of nitrogen fertilizer obtained equivalent or high grain yield with reduced nitrogen application rate 6.58 kg/hm2, while nitrogen agronomic efficiency, net income and yield-cost ratio was improved 0.82 percent point, 103 yuan/hm2 and 0.9, respectively. Compared with the normal method, the real-time topdressing regulation method based on portable apparatus for crop growth monitoring and diagnosis can reduce nitrogen application rate, raise nitrogen agronomic efficiency and higher economic benefits are also achieved on the premise of grain yield, which has a potential to be widely applied for precise nitrogen management and high yield cultivation in double cropping rice production.
The fast, real-time, non-destructive and quantitative monitoring of plant nitrogen status and precise regulation of nitrogen fertilizer has important practical significance for the development of double cropping rice production with higher yield, better grain quality, higher economic efficiency and more ecological safety. The objective of this study was to establish regulation model of nitrogen fertilizer for double cropping rice based on the portable apparatus for crop growth monitoring and diagnosis, which was a multi-spectral sensor containing 810 and 720 nm detection lens and structurally was divided into up-sensor and down-sensor, then recommend nitrogen topdressing rate, so as to achieve precise management of nitrogen topdressing. The spectra monitoring model of leaf area index(LAI) was established based on the datasets of field experiment with different plant type cultivars and nitrogen application rates. The nitrogen topdressing rate were calculated with the newly developed regulation of nitrogen fertilizer model and high yield cultivation experience with LAI, which was real-time estimated from the differential vegetation index(DVI) at jointing stage. Then the recommend nitrogen topdressing rate and grain yield were compared with those of farmer's nitrogen management treatment. Canopy DVI(810, 720) was well positive correlated with LAI at key development stages(tillering stage, jointing stage, booting stage, heading stage and filling stage) of the double cropping rice, and the linear function better fitted the relation than other functions. The models were validated using independent field experiment datasets, involving different plant type cultivars and nitrogen application rates, the prediction effect of model for single stage was better than the whole stage, especially at jointing stage. The coefficient of determination(R2) of spectral monitoring model for LAI in early rice and late rice was 0.880 6 and 0.878 8, respectively. The root mean square error(RMSE), relative root mean square error(RRMSE), correlation coefficient(r) of prediction of LAI in early rice and late rice was 0.30 and 0.25, 7.28% and 6.18%, 0.923 2 and 0.926 9, respectively. The results of recommend nitrogen topdressing based on regulation model of nitrogen fertilizer indicated that the panicle nitrogen rate of compact plant type cultivar was higher than that of loose plant type cultivar. Compared with the farmer's nitrogen management treatment, the regulation treatments based on regulation model of nitrogen fertilizer obtained equivalent or high grain yield with reduced nitrogen application rate 6.58 kg/hm2, while nitrogen agronomic efficiency, net income and yield-cost ratio was improved 0.82 percent point, 103 yuan/hm2 and 0.9, respectively. Compared with the normal method, the real-time topdressing regulation method based on portable apparatus for crop growth monitoring and diagnosis can reduce nitrogen application rate, raise nitrogen agronomic efficiency and higher economic benefits are also achieved on the premise of grain yield, which has a potential to be widely applied for precise nitrogen management and high yield cultivation in double cropping rice production.
引文
[1]覃夏,王绍华,薛利红.江西鹰潭地区早稻氮素营养光谱诊断模型的构建与应用[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(4):691-698.QinXia,WangShaohua,XueLihong.Nitrogennutrition diagnosisofearlyricewithNDVIanditsapplicationfor nitrogentopdressingrecommendationatYingtan,Jiangxi province[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(4):691-698.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[2]曾建敏.水稻氮效率评价系统的建立与氮高效形成机理的研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2006.ZengJianmin.EstablishmentofEvaluationSystemfor NitrogenUseEfficiency(NUE)andStudyonthe MechanismsofHigh-NUEinRice[D].Wuhan:Huazhong AgriculturalUniversity,2006.(inChinesewithEnglish abstract)
[3]GuoJingheng,LiuXuejun,ZhangYang,etal.Significant acidificationinmajorChinesecroplands[J].Science,2010,327:1008-1010.
[4]Singh B, Singh Y, Ladha J K, et al. Chlorophyll meter and leaf colorchart-basednitrogenmanagementforriceandwheatin northwestern Indian[J]. Agronomy Journal, 2002, 94:821-929.
[5]王绍华,曹卫星,王强盛,等.水稻叶色分布特点与氮素营养诊断[J].中国农业科学,2002,35(12):1461-1466.WangShaohua,CaoWeixing,WangQiangsheng,etal.Positional distribution of leaf color and diagnosis of nitrogen nutritioninriceplant[J].ScientiaAgriculturaSinica,2002,35(12):1461-1466.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]Peng Shaobing, Garcia F V, Laza R C, et al. Adjustment for specific leaf weight improves chlorophyll meter’s estimate of rice leaf nitrogen concentration[J]. Agronomy Journal, 1993,85:987-990.
[7]张潇元,张立福,张霞,等.不同光谱植被指数反演冬小麦叶氮含量的敏感性研究[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(3):474-485.Zhang Xiaoyuan, Zhang Lifu, Zhang Xia, et al. Sensitivity of differentspectralvegetationindexforestimatingwinter wheatleafnitrogen[J].ScientiaAgriculturaSinica,2017,50(3):474-485.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]TianYongchao,GuKaijian,Chu Xu,etal.Comparisonof differenthyperspectralvegetationindicesforcanopyleaf nitrogen concentration estimation in rice[J]. Plant Soil, 2014,376:193-209.
[9]Broge N H, Mortensen J V. Deriving green crop area index and canopy chlorophyll density of winter wheat from spectral reflectancedata[J].RemoteSensingofEnvironment,2002,81:45-57.
[10]Xue Lihong, Cao Weixing, Luo Weihong, et al. Monitoring leaf nitrogen status in rice with canopy spectral reflectance[J].Agronomy Journal, 2004, 96:135-142.
[11]ZhangJinheng,WangKe,BaileyJS,etal.Predicting nitrogenstatusofriceusingmultispectraldataatcanopy scale[J]. Pedosphere, 2006, 16:108-117.
[12]陈青春,田永超,姚霞,等.基于冠层反射光谱的水稻追氮调控效应研究[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(20):4149-4157.ChenQingchun, TianYongchao,Yao Xia, et al. Effects of nitrogenfertilizertop-dressingbasedoncanopyreflectance spectra in rice[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2010, 43(20):4149-4157.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]Raun W R, Solie J B, Stone M L, et al. Optical sensor-based algorithm for crop nitrogen fertilization[J]. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 2005, 36:2759-2781.
[14]Wood G A, Welsh J P, Godwin R J, et al. Real-time measures ofcanopysizeasabasisforspatiallyvaryingnitrogen applications to winter wheat sown at different seed rates[J].Biosystems Engineering, 2003, 84:513-531.
[15]Xue Lihong, Yang Linzhang. Recommendations for nitrogen fertilizertopdressingratesinriceusingcanopyreflectance spectra[J]. Biosystems Engineering, 2008, 100:524-534.
[16]蒋阿宁,黄文江,赵春江,等.基于光谱指数的冬小麦变量施肥效应研究[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(9):1907-1913.Jiang Aning, Huang Wenjiang, Zhao Chunjiang, et al. Effects ofvariablenitrogenapplicationbasedoncharacteristicsof canopylightreflectanceinwheat[J].ScientiaAgricultura Sinica,2007,40(9):1907-1913.(inChinesewithEnglish abstract)
[17]倪军,姚霞,田永超,等.便携式作物生长监测诊断仪的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(6):150-156.NiJun,YaoXia,TianYongchao,etal.Designand experimentsofportableapparatusforplantgrowth monitoringanddiagnosis[J].TransactionsoftheChinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2013, 29(6):150-156.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]张志良,瞿伟菁,李小方.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2009:48-50.
[19]李艳大,舒时富,陈立才,等.基于归一化法的双季稻叶面积指数动态预测模型[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(29):77-84.Li Yanda, Shu Shifu, Chen Licai, et al. A predict model of dynamicleafareaindexofdoublecroppingricebasedon normalized method[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2017, 33(29):77-84.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]邹应斌.长江流域双季稻栽培技术发展[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(2):254-262.ZouYingbin.Developmentofcultivationtechnologyfor doublecroppingricealongtheChangjiangrivervalley[J].ScientiaAgriculturaSinica,2011,44(2):254-262.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]Ju Xiaotang, Xing Guangxi,Chen Xinping, etal.Reducing environmentriskbyimprovingNmanagementin intensive Chinese agricultural systems[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 2009, 106(9):1-6.
[22]薛利红,曹卫星,罗卫红,等.光谱植被指数与水稻叶面积指数相关性的研究[J].植物生态学报,2004,28(1):47-52.Xue Lihong, Cao Weixing, Luo Weihong, et al. Relationship between spectral vegetation indices and LAI in rice[J]. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 2004, 28(1):47-52.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]田永超,杨杰,姚霞,等.高光谱植被指数与水稻叶面积指数的定量关系[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(7):1685-1690.TianYongchao,YangJie,YaoXia,etal.Quantitative relationshipbetweenhyper-spectravegetationindicesand leafareaindexofrice[J].ChineseJournalofApplied Ecology, 2009, 20(7):1685-1690.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]张厚瑄.作物群体结构的概念与测定方法[J].中国农业气象,1984,5(3):51-55.
[25]候彦林.“生态平衡施肥”的理论基础和技术体系[J].生态学报,2000,20(4):653-658.Hou Yanlin. Theory and technological system of ecological balanced fertilization[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2000, 20(4):653-658.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[26]卢艳丽,李少昆,王纪华,等.冬小麦不同株型品种光谱响应及株型识别方法研究[J].作物学报,2005,31(10):1333-1339.LuYanli,LiShaokun,WangJihua,etal.Spectraand recognized method for different plant type wheat cultivars[J].ActaAgronomicaSinica,2005,31(10):1333-1339.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[2]曾建敏.水稻氮效率评价系统的建立与氮高效形成机理的研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2006.ZengJianmin.EstablishmentofEvaluationSystemfor NitrogenUseEfficiency(NUE)andStudyonthe MechanismsofHigh-NUEinRice[D].Wuhan:Huazhong AgriculturalUniversity,2006.(inChinesewithEnglish abstract)
[3]GuoJingheng,LiuXuejun,ZhangYang,etal.Significant acidificationinmajorChinesecroplands[J].Science,2010,327:1008-1010.
[4]Singh B, Singh Y, Ladha J K, et al. Chlorophyll meter and leaf colorchart-basednitrogenmanagementforriceandwheatin northwestern Indian[J]. Agronomy Journal, 2002, 94:821-929.
[5]王绍华,曹卫星,王强盛,等.水稻叶色分布特点与氮素营养诊断[J].中国农业科学,2002,35(12):1461-1466.WangShaohua,CaoWeixing,WangQiangsheng,etal.Positional distribution of leaf color and diagnosis of nitrogen nutritioninriceplant[J].ScientiaAgriculturaSinica,2002,35(12):1461-1466.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]Peng Shaobing, Garcia F V, Laza R C, et al. Adjustment for specific leaf weight improves chlorophyll meter’s estimate of rice leaf nitrogen concentration[J]. Agronomy Journal, 1993,85:987-990.
[7]张潇元,张立福,张霞,等.不同光谱植被指数反演冬小麦叶氮含量的敏感性研究[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(3):474-485.Zhang Xiaoyuan, Zhang Lifu, Zhang Xia, et al. Sensitivity of differentspectralvegetationindexforestimatingwinter wheatleafnitrogen[J].ScientiaAgriculturaSinica,2017,50(3):474-485.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]TianYongchao,GuKaijian,Chu Xu,etal.Comparisonof differenthyperspectralvegetationindicesforcanopyleaf nitrogen concentration estimation in rice[J]. Plant Soil, 2014,376:193-209.
[9]Broge N H, Mortensen J V. Deriving green crop area index and canopy chlorophyll density of winter wheat from spectral reflectancedata[J].RemoteSensingofEnvironment,2002,81:45-57.
[10]Xue Lihong, Cao Weixing, Luo Weihong, et al. Monitoring leaf nitrogen status in rice with canopy spectral reflectance[J].Agronomy Journal, 2004, 96:135-142.
[11]ZhangJinheng,WangKe,BaileyJS,etal.Predicting nitrogenstatusofriceusingmultispectraldataatcanopy scale[J]. Pedosphere, 2006, 16:108-117.
[12]陈青春,田永超,姚霞,等.基于冠层反射光谱的水稻追氮调控效应研究[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(20):4149-4157.ChenQingchun, TianYongchao,Yao Xia, et al. Effects of nitrogenfertilizertop-dressingbasedoncanopyreflectance spectra in rice[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2010, 43(20):4149-4157.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]Raun W R, Solie J B, Stone M L, et al. Optical sensor-based algorithm for crop nitrogen fertilization[J]. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 2005, 36:2759-2781.
[14]Wood G A, Welsh J P, Godwin R J, et al. Real-time measures ofcanopysizeasabasisforspatiallyvaryingnitrogen applications to winter wheat sown at different seed rates[J].Biosystems Engineering, 2003, 84:513-531.
[15]Xue Lihong, Yang Linzhang. Recommendations for nitrogen fertilizertopdressingratesinriceusingcanopyreflectance spectra[J]. Biosystems Engineering, 2008, 100:524-534.
[16]蒋阿宁,黄文江,赵春江,等.基于光谱指数的冬小麦变量施肥效应研究[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(9):1907-1913.Jiang Aning, Huang Wenjiang, Zhao Chunjiang, et al. Effects ofvariablenitrogenapplicationbasedoncharacteristicsof canopylightreflectanceinwheat[J].ScientiaAgricultura Sinica,2007,40(9):1907-1913.(inChinesewithEnglish abstract)
[17]倪军,姚霞,田永超,等.便携式作物生长监测诊断仪的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(6):150-156.NiJun,YaoXia,TianYongchao,etal.Designand experimentsofportableapparatusforplantgrowth monitoringanddiagnosis[J].TransactionsoftheChinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2013, 29(6):150-156.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]张志良,瞿伟菁,李小方.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2009:48-50.
[19]李艳大,舒时富,陈立才,等.基于归一化法的双季稻叶面积指数动态预测模型[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(29):77-84.Li Yanda, Shu Shifu, Chen Licai, et al. A predict model of dynamicleafareaindexofdoublecroppingricebasedon normalized method[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2017, 33(29):77-84.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]邹应斌.长江流域双季稻栽培技术发展[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(2):254-262.ZouYingbin.Developmentofcultivationtechnologyfor doublecroppingricealongtheChangjiangrivervalley[J].ScientiaAgriculturaSinica,2011,44(2):254-262.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]Ju Xiaotang, Xing Guangxi,Chen Xinping, etal.Reducing environmentriskbyimprovingNmanagementin intensive Chinese agricultural systems[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 2009, 106(9):1-6.
[22]薛利红,曹卫星,罗卫红,等.光谱植被指数与水稻叶面积指数相关性的研究[J].植物生态学报,2004,28(1):47-52.Xue Lihong, Cao Weixing, Luo Weihong, et al. Relationship between spectral vegetation indices and LAI in rice[J]. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 2004, 28(1):47-52.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]田永超,杨杰,姚霞,等.高光谱植被指数与水稻叶面积指数的定量关系[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(7):1685-1690.TianYongchao,YangJie,YaoXia,etal.Quantitative relationshipbetweenhyper-spectravegetationindicesand leafareaindexofrice[J].ChineseJournalofApplied Ecology, 2009, 20(7):1685-1690.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]张厚瑄.作物群体结构的概念与测定方法[J].中国农业气象,1984,5(3):51-55.
[25]候彦林.“生态平衡施肥”的理论基础和技术体系[J].生态学报,2000,20(4):653-658.Hou Yanlin. Theory and technological system of ecological balanced fertilization[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2000, 20(4):653-658.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[26]卢艳丽,李少昆,王纪华,等.冬小麦不同株型品种光谱响应及株型识别方法研究[J].作物学报,2005,31(10):1333-1339.LuYanli,LiShaokun,WangJihua,etal.Spectraand recognized method for different plant type wheat cultivars[J].ActaAgronomicaSinica,2005,31(10):1333-1339.(in Chinese with English abstract)