中国高铁技术引进与自主创新的博弈分析
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摘要
通过构建并求解了中国高铁技术引进方与国外技术转让方之间的博弈模型,研究了中国高铁技术引进与自主创新取得成功的关键影响因素与作用机制。研究结果显示:国内的市场需求越大、产业集中度越高、对国外产品的进口准入越严,国外技术转让企业越分散,则国内企业越容易取得技术引进与自主创新的成功;在上述条件确定时,自主研发成本的大小决定了企业采取技术引进策略还是自主创新策略的最终选择。据此,对我国产业的技术引进与自主创新,提出了消除市场障碍、激发市场需求,提升自身技术能力、把技术引进作为某些特定条件下节约成本的手段,政府或相关组织适时介入技术引进等建议。
In order to study the key influencing factors and mechanism of the success of China's high-speed railway technology import and independent innovation,a game model between China's high-speed railway technology importer and foreign technology transferor is constructed and solved. It is concluded that the greater the domestic market demand,the higher the degree of industrial concentration,the stricter the import access to foreign products and the more decentralized the foreign technology transfer enterprises are,the easier the domestic enterprises will achieve the success of technology introduction and independent innovation; when the above conditions are determined,the size of the cost of independent R&D determines whether the enterprises will adopt the strategy of technology introduction or the strategy of independent innovation as the final choice. Accordingly,some suggestions are put forward to eliminate market barriers,stimulate market demand,enhance their technological capabilities,use technology introduction as a cost-saving means under certain specific conditions,and timely intervention of the government or relevant organizations in technology introductions.
In order to study the key influencing factors and mechanism of the success of China's high-speed railway technology import and independent innovation,a game model between China's high-speed railway technology importer and foreign technology transferor is constructed and solved. It is concluded that the greater the domestic market demand,the higher the degree of industrial concentration,the stricter the import access to foreign products and the more decentralized the foreign technology transfer enterprises are,the easier the domestic enterprises will achieve the success of technology introduction and independent innovation; when the above conditions are determined,the size of the cost of independent R&D determines whether the enterprises will adopt the strategy of technology introduction or the strategy of independent innovation as the final choice. Accordingly,some suggestions are put forward to eliminate market barriers,stimulate market demand,enhance their technological capabilities,use technology introduction as a cost-saving means under certain specific conditions,and timely intervention of the government or relevant organizations in technology introductions.
引文
[1]安同良:《企业技术能力发展论》,人民出版社2004年版。
[2]安同良、王文翌、王磊:《中国自主创新研究文献综述》,《学海》2012年第2期。
[3]宇德明、李洪勇:《铁路建造技术领域产学研合作模式研究》,《长沙铁道学院学报》(社会科学版)2010年第3期。
[4]林善波:《比较优势与复杂产品系统的技术追赶---以中国高铁技术为例》,《科学进步与对策》2011年第14期。
[5]赵建军、郝栋、吴保来、卢艳玲:《中国高速铁路的创新机制及启示》,《工程研究》2012年第1期。
[6]李政、任妍:《中国高铁产业赶超型自主创新模式与成功因素》,《社会科学辑刊》2015年第2期。
[7]马莹、甄志宏:《中国高铁技术创新中的合作与竞争:一个新制度主义视角》,《上海对外经贸大学学报》2017年第4期。
[8]林晓言:《高铁技术创新的中国经验》,《中国社会科学报》2018年1月10日。
[9][日]斋藤优:《日本企业成长的技术战略》,科学技术文献出版社1986年版。
[10][美]小约瑟夫·哈林顿:《哈林顿博弈论》,人民大学出版社2012年版。
[11]Jean Tirole:The Theory of Industrial Organization,Cambridge,MA:MIT Press,1988.
[12]J.A.Schumpeter:The Theory of Business Enterprise,Charles Scibner’s Sons,New York,1912.
[13]J Schmookler:Invention and Economic Growth,Harvard University Press,1966,20(1).
[14]Nathan Rosenberg:Inside the Black Box:Technology and E-conomics,Cambridge University Press,1982.
[15]R.Nelson,S.G.Winter:An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change,Harvard University Press,1982.
[16]G.Dosi:Technological paradigms and technological trajectories:a suggested interpretation of the determinants and directions of technical change,Research Policy,11:147-162,1982.
[17]G.Dosi,C.Freeman,R.Nelson,et al:Technical Change and Economic Theory,Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies,1988.
[18]C.Freeman:The Economics of Industrial Innovation,The MIT Press,1982,p.212-214.
[19]Michael E.Porter:The Competitive Advantage of Nations,Free Press,New York,1990.
[2]安同良、王文翌、王磊:《中国自主创新研究文献综述》,《学海》2012年第2期。
[3]宇德明、李洪勇:《铁路建造技术领域产学研合作模式研究》,《长沙铁道学院学报》(社会科学版)2010年第3期。
[4]林善波:《比较优势与复杂产品系统的技术追赶---以中国高铁技术为例》,《科学进步与对策》2011年第14期。
[5]赵建军、郝栋、吴保来、卢艳玲:《中国高速铁路的创新机制及启示》,《工程研究》2012年第1期。
[6]李政、任妍:《中国高铁产业赶超型自主创新模式与成功因素》,《社会科学辑刊》2015年第2期。
[7]马莹、甄志宏:《中国高铁技术创新中的合作与竞争:一个新制度主义视角》,《上海对外经贸大学学报》2017年第4期。
[8]林晓言:《高铁技术创新的中国经验》,《中国社会科学报》2018年1月10日。
[9][日]斋藤优:《日本企业成长的技术战略》,科学技术文献出版社1986年版。
[10][美]小约瑟夫·哈林顿:《哈林顿博弈论》,人民大学出版社2012年版。
[11]Jean Tirole:The Theory of Industrial Organization,Cambridge,MA:MIT Press,1988.
[12]J.A.Schumpeter:The Theory of Business Enterprise,Charles Scibner’s Sons,New York,1912.
[13]J Schmookler:Invention and Economic Growth,Harvard University Press,1966,20(1).
[14]Nathan Rosenberg:Inside the Black Box:Technology and E-conomics,Cambridge University Press,1982.
[15]R.Nelson,S.G.Winter:An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change,Harvard University Press,1982.
[16]G.Dosi:Technological paradigms and technological trajectories:a suggested interpretation of the determinants and directions of technical change,Research Policy,11:147-162,1982.
[17]G.Dosi,C.Freeman,R.Nelson,et al:Technical Change and Economic Theory,Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies,1988.
[18]C.Freeman:The Economics of Industrial Innovation,The MIT Press,1982,p.212-214.
[19]Michael E.Porter:The Competitive Advantage of Nations,Free Press,New York,1990.
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