藏南岗巴地区晚白垩世宗山组Bournonia及其功能形态研究
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摘要
提要描述藏南岗巴地区白垩系宗山组产出的两种固着蛤Bournonia haydeni Douville,1916,Bournonia tibetica Douville,1916,并据化石材料和野外观察的资料,讨论其功能形态特征。根据生活习性,固着蛤的生态类型可被分为三种:直立型(elevators),附着型(clingers)和侧卧型(recumbents)。Bournonia tibetica属于直立型,Bournonia haydeni属于附着型。
Abundant rudists occur in the late Cretaceous Zongshan Formation at Gamba , in southern Xizang.Previous researchers have recorded four genera and seven species.The authors went to Gamba to collect and survey the geological profilein 2009 , one genus and two species were identified : Bournonia haydeni Douville and Bournoniatibetica Douville.On the basis of their mode of life habit , rudist morphotypes can be divided into three function groups : elevators , clingers and recumbents. Bournonia tibetica belongs to elevators , and Bournonia haydeni to clingers.
Abundant rudists occur in the late Cretaceous Zongshan Formation at Gamba , in southern Xizang.Previous researchers have recorded four genera and seven species.The authors went to Gamba to collect and survey the geological profilein 2009 , one genus and two species were identified : Bournonia haydeni Douville and Bournoniatibetica Douville.On the basis of their mode of life habit , rudist morphotypes can be divided into three function groups : elevators , clingers and recumbents. Bournonia tibetica belongs to elevators , and Bournonia haydeni to clingers.
引文
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〈The Lamellibranch Fossil of China〉Compile Group of NanjingInstitute of Geology and Palaeontology,Chinese Academy ofSciences(中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所《中国的瓣鳃类化石》编写小组),1976.The Lamellibranch Fossil of China.Beijing:Science Press.1—522(in Chinese).
DouvilléH,1916a.Le Cretace et Eocene du Tibet central.Palaeontologica Indica,New Series 5(3):1—84.
DouvilléH,1916b.Les calcairesàOrbitolines etàradiolites duThibet.In:Hennig A(ed.),Zur Petrographie und Geologie vonSüdwest-Tibet(Southern Tibet,V.).Stockholm:Kongl.Boktryckerite P.A.Norstedt and Soner.145—147.
Gili E,Masse J P,Skelton P W,1995.Rudists as gregarious sediment-dwellers,not reef-builders,on Cretaceous carbonateplatforms.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,118:
Gou Zong-hai,Shi He,1998.Rudists(Bivalvia)from the Cretaceousof Tibet,China,with descriptions of new species.In:Paul A J,James W H(eds.),Bivalves:An Eon of Evolution-PaleobioligicStudies Honouring Norman D.Newell.Calgary:University ofCalgary Press.255—266.
Mitchell S F,2002.Palaeoecology of corals and rudists in mixedvolcaniclastic carbonate small-scale rhythms(UpperCretaceous,Jamaica).Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,186:237—259.
Mitchell S F,Gunter G C,Ramsook R,2007.Paleoecology of theMaastrichtian rudist Biradiolites in Jamaica.In:Scott R W(ed.),Cretaceous Rudists and Carbonate Platforms:Environmental Feedback.SEPM Special Publication,87:81—94.
Qian Ding-yu1993.The distribution and biogeographicprovincialization of Cretaceous rudists in Xizang(Tibet).TibetGeology(西藏地质),10(2):19—25(in Chinese).
Schumann D,Steuber T,1997.Rudisten-Erfolgreiche Siedler undRiffbauer der Kreide-Zeit.Kleine Senckenbergreihe,24:117—122.
Scott R W,1990.Models and stratigraphy of mid-Cretaceous reefcommunities,Gulf of Mexico.In:Barbara H L(ed.),Societyfor Sedimentary Geology,Concepts in Sedimentology andPaleontology.SEPM Special Publication,2:1—102.
Scott R W,Wan Xiao-qiao,Sha Jin-geng et al.,2010.Rudists ofTibet and the Tarim Basin,China:significance to Requieniidaephylogeny.Journal of Paleontology,84(3):444—465.
Skelton P W,1978.The evolution of functional design in rudists(Hippuritacea)and its taxonomic implications.PhilosophicalTransactions of the Royal Society of London.B,BiologicalSciences,284:305—318.
Skelton P W,1979.Preserved ligament in a radiolitid rudist bivalveand its implication of mantle marginal feeding in the group.Paleobiology,5(2):90—106.
Skelton P W,1985.Preadaptation and evolutionary innovation inrudist bivalves.Special Papers in Palaeontology,33:159—173.
Skelton P W,2003.Rudist evolution and extinction-A North Africanperspective,North African Cretaceous carbonate platformsystems,NATO Science Series IV.Earth and EnvironmentalSciences,28:215—227.
Skelton P W,Gili E,1991.Palaeoecological classification of rudistmorphotypes.Proc.1st International Conference on Rudists(Beograd,1988),Serbian Geological Society,SpecialPublication,Beograd,2:265—287.
Skelton P W,Masse J P,2000.Synoptic guide to the Lower Cretaceous rudist bivalves of Arabia.In:Alsharhan A S,ScottR W(eds.),Middle East Models of Jurassic/CretaceousCarbonate Systems.SEPM,Special Publication,69:89—99.
Steuber T,1999.Isotopic and chemical intra-shell variations in low-Mg calcite of rudist bivalves(Mollusca-Hippuritacea):disequi-librium fractionations and late Cretaceous seasonality.Int JournEarth Sciences,88:551—570.
Steuber T,Loser H,2000.Species richness and abundance patternsof Tethyan Cretaceous rudist bivalves(Mollusca:Hippuritacea)in the central-eastern Mediterranean and Middle East,analysedfrom a palaeontological database.Palaeogeography,Palaeo-climatology,Palaeoecology,162:75—104.
Vogel K,1971.On the Upper Cretaceous in East Iran and in Westand North Afghanistan.Geological Survey of Iran,Report,20:56—79.
Wan Xiao-qiao(万晓樵),1985.Cretaceous strata and foraminifera ofGangba region,Xizang.Contribution to the Geology of theQinghai-Xizang(Tibet)Plateau(青藏高原地质文集),16:203—223(in Chinese).
Wan Xiao-qiao(万晓樵),1987.Cretaceous planktonic foraminiferalzonation in Xizang(Tibet).Contribution to the Geology of theQinghai-Xizang(Tibet)Plateau(青藏高原地质文集),18:112—121(in Chinese).
Wan Xiao-qiao(万晓樵),Zhao Wen-jin(赵文金),Li Guo-biao(李国彪),2000.Restudy of the Upper Cretaceous in Gamba,Tibet.Geoscience(现代地质),14(3):281—285(in Chinese).
Wen Shi-xuan(文世宣),1974.Strata of Mt.Qomolangma region,Cretaceous.In:Xizang Scientific Expedition Team of ChineseAcademy of Sciences(中国科学院西藏科学考察队)(ed.),Report of Scientific Expedition to the Mt.Qomolangma Region(1966-1968)(Geology).Beijing:Science Press.148—183(inChinese).
Wen Shi-xuan(文世宣),Lan Xiu(蓝琇),Chen Jin-hua(陈金华),Zhang Zuo-ming(张作铭),Chen Chu-zhen(陈楚震),Gu Zhi-wei(顾知微),1976.Fossil lamellibranchs from Mt.Qomolangmaregion.In:Xizang Scientific Expedition Team of ChineseAcademy of Sciences(中国科学院西藏科学考察队)(ed.),Report of Scientific Expedition to the Mt.Qomolangma Region(1966-1968)(Palaeontology).Beijing:Science Press.1—210(inChinese).
Yang Zun-yi(杨遵义),Nie Ze-tong(聂泽同),Wu Shun-bao(吴顺宝),1982.Cretaceous rudists from Ngari,Xizang(Tibet)Autonomous Region,China and their geologic significance.ActaGeologica Sinica(地质学报),56(4):293—301(in Chinese).
Zhao Wen-jin(赵文金),Wan Xiao-qiao(万晓樵),2003.TheBiopalaeoceanographic Events During the Late Stage of theTibet-Tethyan Sea Evolution.Beijing:Geology PublishingHouse,1—116(in Chinese).
〈The Lamellibranch Fossil of China〉Compile Group of NanjingInstitute of Geology and Palaeontology,Chinese Academy ofSciences(中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所《中国的瓣鳃类化石》编写小组),1976.The Lamellibranch Fossil of China.Beijing:Science Press.1—522(in Chinese).
DouvilléH,1916a.Le Cretace et Eocene du Tibet central.Palaeontologica Indica,New Series 5(3):1—84.
DouvilléH,1916b.Les calcairesàOrbitolines etàradiolites duThibet.In:Hennig A(ed.),Zur Petrographie und Geologie vonSüdwest-Tibet(Southern Tibet,V.).Stockholm:Kongl.Boktryckerite P.A.Norstedt and Soner.145—147.
Gili E,Masse J P,Skelton P W,1995.Rudists as gregarious sediment-dwellers,not reef-builders,on Cretaceous carbonateplatforms.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,118:
Gou Zong-hai,Shi He,1998.Rudists(Bivalvia)from the Cretaceousof Tibet,China,with descriptions of new species.In:Paul A J,James W H(eds.),Bivalves:An Eon of Evolution-PaleobioligicStudies Honouring Norman D.Newell.Calgary:University ofCalgary Press.255—266.
Mitchell S F,2002.Palaeoecology of corals and rudists in mixedvolcaniclastic carbonate small-scale rhythms(UpperCretaceous,Jamaica).Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,186:237—259.
Mitchell S F,Gunter G C,Ramsook R,2007.Paleoecology of theMaastrichtian rudist Biradiolites in Jamaica.In:Scott R W(ed.),Cretaceous Rudists and Carbonate Platforms:Environmental Feedback.SEPM Special Publication,87:81—94.
Qian Ding-yu1993.The distribution and biogeographicprovincialization of Cretaceous rudists in Xizang(Tibet).TibetGeology(西藏地质),10(2):19—25(in Chinese).
Schumann D,Steuber T,1997.Rudisten-Erfolgreiche Siedler undRiffbauer der Kreide-Zeit.Kleine Senckenbergreihe,24:117—122.
Scott R W,1990.Models and stratigraphy of mid-Cretaceous reefcommunities,Gulf of Mexico.In:Barbara H L(ed.),Societyfor Sedimentary Geology,Concepts in Sedimentology andPaleontology.SEPM Special Publication,2:1—102.
Scott R W,Wan Xiao-qiao,Sha Jin-geng et al.,2010.Rudists ofTibet and the Tarim Basin,China:significance to Requieniidaephylogeny.Journal of Paleontology,84(3):444—465.
Skelton P W,1978.The evolution of functional design in rudists(Hippuritacea)and its taxonomic implications.PhilosophicalTransactions of the Royal Society of London.B,BiologicalSciences,284:305—318.
Skelton P W,1979.Preserved ligament in a radiolitid rudist bivalveand its implication of mantle marginal feeding in the group.Paleobiology,5(2):90—106.
Skelton P W,1985.Preadaptation and evolutionary innovation inrudist bivalves.Special Papers in Palaeontology,33:159—173.
Skelton P W,2003.Rudist evolution and extinction-A North Africanperspective,North African Cretaceous carbonate platformsystems,NATO Science Series IV.Earth and EnvironmentalSciences,28:215—227.
Skelton P W,Gili E,1991.Palaeoecological classification of rudistmorphotypes.Proc.1st International Conference on Rudists(Beograd,1988),Serbian Geological Society,SpecialPublication,Beograd,2:265—287.
Skelton P W,Masse J P,2000.Synoptic guide to the Lower Cretaceous rudist bivalves of Arabia.In:Alsharhan A S,ScottR W(eds.),Middle East Models of Jurassic/CretaceousCarbonate Systems.SEPM,Special Publication,69:89—99.
Steuber T,1999.Isotopic and chemical intra-shell variations in low-Mg calcite of rudist bivalves(Mollusca-Hippuritacea):disequi-librium fractionations and late Cretaceous seasonality.Int JournEarth Sciences,88:551—570.
Steuber T,Loser H,2000.Species richness and abundance patternsof Tethyan Cretaceous rudist bivalves(Mollusca:Hippuritacea)in the central-eastern Mediterranean and Middle East,analysedfrom a palaeontological database.Palaeogeography,Palaeo-climatology,Palaeoecology,162:75—104.
Vogel K,1971.On the Upper Cretaceous in East Iran and in Westand North Afghanistan.Geological Survey of Iran,Report,20:56—79.
Wan Xiao-qiao(万晓樵),1985.Cretaceous strata and foraminifera ofGangba region,Xizang.Contribution to the Geology of theQinghai-Xizang(Tibet)Plateau(青藏高原地质文集),16:203—223(in Chinese).
Wan Xiao-qiao(万晓樵),1987.Cretaceous planktonic foraminiferalzonation in Xizang(Tibet).Contribution to the Geology of theQinghai-Xizang(Tibet)Plateau(青藏高原地质文集),18:112—121(in Chinese).
Wan Xiao-qiao(万晓樵),Zhao Wen-jin(赵文金),Li Guo-biao(李国彪),2000.Restudy of the Upper Cretaceous in Gamba,Tibet.Geoscience(现代地质),14(3):281—285(in Chinese).
Wen Shi-xuan(文世宣),1974.Strata of Mt.Qomolangma region,Cretaceous.In:Xizang Scientific Expedition Team of ChineseAcademy of Sciences(中国科学院西藏科学考察队)(ed.),Report of Scientific Expedition to the Mt.Qomolangma Region(1966-1968)(Geology).Beijing:Science Press.148—183(inChinese).
Wen Shi-xuan(文世宣),Lan Xiu(蓝琇),Chen Jin-hua(陈金华),Zhang Zuo-ming(张作铭),Chen Chu-zhen(陈楚震),Gu Zhi-wei(顾知微),1976.Fossil lamellibranchs from Mt.Qomolangmaregion.In:Xizang Scientific Expedition Team of ChineseAcademy of Sciences(中国科学院西藏科学考察队)(ed.),Report of Scientific Expedition to the Mt.Qomolangma Region(1966-1968)(Palaeontology).Beijing:Science Press.1—210(inChinese).
Yang Zun-yi(杨遵义),Nie Ze-tong(聂泽同),Wu Shun-bao(吴顺宝),1982.Cretaceous rudists from Ngari,Xizang(Tibet)Autonomous Region,China and their geologic significance.ActaGeologica Sinica(地质学报),56(4):293—301(in Chinese).
Zhao Wen-jin(赵文金),Wan Xiao-qiao(万晓樵),2003.TheBiopalaeoceanographic Events During the Late Stage of theTibet-Tethyan Sea Evolution.Beijing:Geology PublishingHouse,1—116(in Chinese).