基于层次分析法对白垩纪短脉螽科昆虫后足胫节端距的游泳能力检测
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摘要
短脉螽科是直翅目昆虫的一个中生代灭绝类群,其最重要特征之一是后足胫节末端具有3—4根较长的距,可以分为长刺状、棒状和叶状等3种类型。在假设短脉螽科具有游泳能力条件下,利用层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP)探讨短脉螽不同后足胫节端距类型对游泳能力的贡献。分析表明短脉螽科昆虫中,具有叶状端距的类型更有利于提高该类昆虫的游泳能力。短脉螽科昆虫后足端距的高分异度,表明该科昆虫在白垩纪的近水环境不同生态位中均具有较好的适应性。
Elcanidae is an extinct family of orthopteran insects ranging in age from the Late Triassic to the early Late Cretaceous, and is mainly characterized by 3 or 4 elongated metatibial spurs which are generally divided into 3 types: short rod-like, long spine-like, and leaf-like metatibial spurs. The Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) is employed here in the functional behavior study of the Cretaceous Elcanidae, which is premised on the assumption that elcanids could swim. The analysis shows that elcanids with leaf-like metatibial spurs have a much better swimming ability than those with rod-like and spine-like metatibial spurs. A high diversity of metatibial spurs in Elcanidae indicates a good adaptability for these insects to the waterfront environment in the Cretaceous.
Elcanidae is an extinct family of orthopteran insects ranging in age from the Late Triassic to the early Late Cretaceous, and is mainly characterized by 3 or 4 elongated metatibial spurs which are generally divided into 3 types: short rod-like, long spine-like, and leaf-like metatibial spurs. The Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) is employed here in the functional behavior study of the Cretaceous Elcanidae, which is premised on the assumption that elcanids could swim. The analysis shows that elcanids with leaf-like metatibial spurs have a much better swimming ability than those with rod-like and spine-like metatibial spurs. A high diversity of metatibial spurs in Elcanidae indicates a good adaptability for these insects to the waterfront environment in the Cretaceous.
引文
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Capello S,Marchese M,Wysiecki L,2012.Feeding Habits and Trophic Niche Overlap of Aquatic Orthoptera Associated with Macrophytes.Zoological Studies,51(1):51-58.
Chen Pei-ji (陈丕基),Wang Qi-fei (王启飞),Zhang Hai-chun (张海春),Cao Mei-zhen (曹美珍),Li Wen-ben (黎文本),Wu Shun-qing (吴舜卿),Shen Yan-bin (沈炎彬),2005.Jianshangou Bed of the Yixian Formation in West Liaoning,China.Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences (中国科学D辑:地球科学),48(3):298-312 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Ennacetur A,Elouedi Z,Lefevre E,2011.Handling partial preferences in the belief AHP method:Application to life cycle assessment.In:Finn H,Per H A,Lars W (eds.),Multiple Use of Forests and Other Natural Resources,Aspects of Theory and Application.Copenhagen:The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University.395-400.
Estoque R C,2012.Analytichierarchy process in geospatial analysis.In:Murayama Yuji (ed.),Progress in Geospatial Analysis.Tsukuba:University of Tsukuba.157-181.
Fang Yan,Heads S,Wang He.Zhang Hai-chun,Wang Bo,2018a.The first Archelcaninae (Orthoptera,Elcanidae) from the Cretaceous Jehol Biota of Liaoning,China.Cretaceous Research,86:129-134.
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Fang Yan,Wang Bo,Zhang Hai-chun,Wang He,Jarzembowski E A,Zheng Da-ran,Zhang Qi,Li Sha,Liu Qin,2015.New Cretaceous Elcanidae from China and Myanmar (Insecta,Orthoptera).Cretaceous Research,52:323-328.
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Gorochov A V,Rasnitsyn A P,2002.Superorder Gryllidea Laicharting,1781.In:Alexandr P R,Donald L J Q (eds.),History of Insects.New York:Kluwer Academic Publishers.293-294.
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Lockwood J A,Schell S P,1994.Perceptual,developmental,experiential,and physiological parameters of swimming in melanopline grasshoppers (Orthoptera:Acrididae).Journal of Insect Behavior,7(2):183-198.
Martynov A V,1938.Etude sur l′histoire géologique et de phylogénie des ordres des insectes (Pterygota).Première partie.Palaeoptera et Neoptera-Polyneoptera.Travaux de l′Institut Paléontologique,Académie des Sciences de l′URSS,7:1-149.
Peňalver E,Grimaldi D A,2010.Latest occurrences of the Mesozoic family Elcanidae (Insecta:Orthoptera),in Cretaceous amber from Myanmar and Spain.Annales de la Société Entomologique de France,46(1-2):88-99.
Qi Huan (齐欢),1999.The mathematical model and the analysis of organizational structure.Journal of Industrial Engineering/Engineer Management (管理工程学报),13(3):29-32 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Ragge D R,1955.The Wing-venation of the Orthoptera Saltatoria,with Notes on Dictyopteran Wing-venation.London:British Museum (Natural History).1-883.
Robert F,Rudolf J,Karen E,1977.The coordination,mechanics and evolution of swimming by a grasshopper,Melanoplus differentialis (Orthoptera:Acrididae).Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society,50(2):189-199.
Russo R S M,Camanho R,2015.Criteria in AHP:A systematic review of literature.Procedia Computer Science,55:1123-1132.
Saaty T L,1977.A scaling method for priorities in hierarchical structures.Journal of Mathematical Psychology,15:234-281.
Saaty T L,Bennett J P,1977.A theory of analytical hierarchies applied to Political Candidacy.Systems Research and Behavioral Science,22(4):237-245.
Schmoldt D L,Kangas J,Mendoza G A,Pesonen M,2001.The Analytic Hierarchy Process in Natural Resource and Environmental Decision Making.Dordrecht:Kluwer Academic Publishers.1-305.
Sharov A G,1968.Phylogeny of orthopteroid insects.Proceedings of the Paleontological Institute,Russian Academy of Sciences,118:1-217.
Vaidya O S,Kumar S,2006.Analytic hierarchy process:An overview of applications.European Journal of Operational Research,169:1-29.
Wallace G K,1959.Visual scanning in desert locust Schistocerca gregaria Forskal.Journal of Experimental Biology,36:512-525.
Xiu Zong-xiang,Liu Bao-hua,Xie Qiu-hong,Li Xi-shuang,Liu Chen-guang,Pei Yan-liang,Zheng Yan-peng,2013.Assessment of structural stability in Bohai Sea area based on AHP-GDM model.Acta Oceanologica Sinica,32(4):41-48.
Xu R N,Zhai X Y,1992.Extensions of the analytic hierarchy process in fuzzy environment.Fuzzy Sets and Systems,52(3):251-257.
Zeuner F E,1939.Fossil Orthoptera Ensifera.London:British Museum (Natural History).1-321.
Béthoux O,Nel A,2002.Venational pattern and revision of Orthoptera sensu n.and sister group.Phylogeny of Orthoptera sensu n.Zootaxa,96:1-88.
Capello S,Marchese M,Wysiecki L,2012.Feeding Habits and Trophic Niche Overlap of Aquatic Orthoptera Associated with Macrophytes.Zoological Studies,51(1):51-58.
Chen Pei-ji (陈丕基),Wang Qi-fei (王启飞),Zhang Hai-chun (张海春),Cao Mei-zhen (曹美珍),Li Wen-ben (黎文本),Wu Shun-qing (吴舜卿),Shen Yan-bin (沈炎彬),2005.Jianshangou Bed of the Yixian Formation in West Liaoning,China.Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences (中国科学D辑:地球科学),48(3):298-312 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Ennacetur A,Elouedi Z,Lefevre E,2011.Handling partial preferences in the belief AHP method:Application to life cycle assessment.In:Finn H,Per H A,Lars W (eds.),Multiple Use of Forests and Other Natural Resources,Aspects of Theory and Application.Copenhagen:The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University.395-400.
Estoque R C,2012.Analytichierarchy process in geospatial analysis.In:Murayama Yuji (ed.),Progress in Geospatial Analysis.Tsukuba:University of Tsukuba.157-181.
Fang Yan,Heads S,Wang He.Zhang Hai-chun,Wang Bo,2018a.The first Archelcaninae (Orthoptera,Elcanidae) from the Cretaceous Jehol Biota of Liaoning,China.Cretaceous Research,86:129-134.
Fang Yan,Muscente A D,Heads S,Wang Bo,Xiao Shu-hai,2018b.The earliest Elcanidae (Insecta,Orthoptera) from the Upper Triassic of North America.Journal of Paleotology,https://doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2018.20.
Fang Yan,Wang Bo,Zhang Hai-chun,Wang He,Jarzembowski E A,Zheng Da-ran,Zhang Qi,Li Sha,Liu Qin,2015.New Cretaceous Elcanidae from China and Myanmar (Insecta,Orthoptera).Cretaceous Research,52:323-328.
Gardiner T,2009.Observations of swimming grasshoppers in an acid pool in Epping Forest.Journal of Orthoptera Research,18(2):237-239.
Gorochov A V,1995.System and evolution of the suborder Ensifera (Orthoptera).Proceedings of the Zoological Institute,Russian Academy of Science,260 (1-2):1-224,1-213.
Gorochov A V,Rasnitsyn A P,2002.Superorder Gryllidea Laicharting,1781.In:Alexandr P R,Donald L J Q (eds.),History of Insects.New York:Kluwer Academic Publishers.293-294.
Gorochov A V,Jarzembowski E A,Coram R A,2006.Grasshoppers and crickets (Insecta:Orthoptera) from the Lower Cretaceous of southern England.Cretaceous Research,27:641-662.
Grimaldi D A,1990.Insects from the Santana Formation,Lower Cretaceous,of Brazil.Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History,195:1-186.
Handlirsch A,1906-1908.Die FossilenInsekten und die Phylogenie der Rezenten Formen.Ein Handbuch für Pal?ontologen und Zoologen.Verlag Von Wilhelm Engelmann,Germany:Leipzig.1121-1430.
Lockwood J A,Schell S P,1994.Perceptual,developmental,experiential,and physiological parameters of swimming in melanopline grasshoppers (Orthoptera:Acrididae).Journal of Insect Behavior,7(2):183-198.
Martynov A V,1938.Etude sur l′histoire géologique et de phylogénie des ordres des insectes (Pterygota).Première partie.Palaeoptera et Neoptera-Polyneoptera.Travaux de l′Institut Paléontologique,Académie des Sciences de l′URSS,7:1-149.
Peňalver E,Grimaldi D A,2010.Latest occurrences of the Mesozoic family Elcanidae (Insecta:Orthoptera),in Cretaceous amber from Myanmar and Spain.Annales de la Société Entomologique de France,46(1-2):88-99.
Qi Huan (齐欢),1999.The mathematical model and the analysis of organizational structure.Journal of Industrial Engineering/Engineer Management (管理工程学报),13(3):29-32 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Ragge D R,1955.The Wing-venation of the Orthoptera Saltatoria,with Notes on Dictyopteran Wing-venation.London:British Museum (Natural History).1-883.
Robert F,Rudolf J,Karen E,1977.The coordination,mechanics and evolution of swimming by a grasshopper,Melanoplus differentialis (Orthoptera:Acrididae).Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society,50(2):189-199.
Russo R S M,Camanho R,2015.Criteria in AHP:A systematic review of literature.Procedia Computer Science,55:1123-1132.
Saaty T L,1977.A scaling method for priorities in hierarchical structures.Journal of Mathematical Psychology,15:234-281.
Saaty T L,Bennett J P,1977.A theory of analytical hierarchies applied to Political Candidacy.Systems Research and Behavioral Science,22(4):237-245.
Schmoldt D L,Kangas J,Mendoza G A,Pesonen M,2001.The Analytic Hierarchy Process in Natural Resource and Environmental Decision Making.Dordrecht:Kluwer Academic Publishers.1-305.
Sharov A G,1968.Phylogeny of orthopteroid insects.Proceedings of the Paleontological Institute,Russian Academy of Sciences,118:1-217.
Vaidya O S,Kumar S,2006.Analytic hierarchy process:An overview of applications.European Journal of Operational Research,169:1-29.
Wallace G K,1959.Visual scanning in desert locust Schistocerca gregaria Forskal.Journal of Experimental Biology,36:512-525.
Xiu Zong-xiang,Liu Bao-hua,Xie Qiu-hong,Li Xi-shuang,Liu Chen-guang,Pei Yan-liang,Zheng Yan-peng,2013.Assessment of structural stability in Bohai Sea area based on AHP-GDM model.Acta Oceanologica Sinica,32(4):41-48.
Xu R N,Zhai X Y,1992.Extensions of the analytic hierarchy process in fuzzy environment.Fuzzy Sets and Systems,52(3):251-257.
Zeuner F E,1939.Fossil Orthoptera Ensifera.London:British Museum (Natural History).1-321.