等氮量替代原则下沼液部分替代化肥技术方案
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摘要
在土壤基肥施用翻耕前,采用沼液漫灌对于矫治土壤连作障碍、提高土壤肥力具有显著作用。结合这种沼液的施用方式,拟定沼液替代化肥的技术方案可为沼液的资源化利用及化肥使用的减量化提供一种可行的技术措施,从而有效缓解沼液的消纳困境,间接促进畜禽粪便的资源化利用。文章提出了等氮量部分替代原则下沼液替代化肥的技术方案,并举例说明了沼液用量、化肥减量等参数的计算方法,拟定出沼液替代后化肥的施用方案,依次试验分析了技术方案实施的应用效果,结果表明:技术方案实施后,每亩蔬菜可减少尿素、重钙及硫酸钾用量依次为9.65 kg,22.72 kg和10.92 kg;蔬菜品质有明显提升,蔬菜增产7.92%,每亩蔬菜可增加收入5830.6元。
The technical scheme of biogas slurry partially replacing chemical fertilizer under the principle of equal amount of nitrogen substitution was put forward in this paper. The calculation method of biogas slurry consumption and chemical fertilizer reduction was illustrated with examples. The application scheme of biogas slurry as a substitute for chemical fertilizer was worked out, and the application effect of the technical scheme was analyzed. The results showed that: after the implementation of the technical scheme, the dosage of urea, heavy calcium and potassium sulfate per mu of vegetables could be reduced by 9.65 kg, 22.72 kg and 10.92 kg respectively. Vegetable quality significantly improved, the yield increased by 7.92%, and per mu of vegetable could increase income 5830.6 yuan.
The technical scheme of biogas slurry partially replacing chemical fertilizer under the principle of equal amount of nitrogen substitution was put forward in this paper. The calculation method of biogas slurry consumption and chemical fertilizer reduction was illustrated with examples. The application scheme of biogas slurry as a substitute for chemical fertilizer was worked out, and the application effect of the technical scheme was analyzed. The results showed that: after the implementation of the technical scheme, the dosage of urea, heavy calcium and potassium sulfate per mu of vegetables could be reduced by 9.65 kg, 22.72 kg and 10.92 kg respectively. Vegetable quality significantly improved, the yield increased by 7.92%, and per mu of vegetable could increase income 5830.6 yuan.
引文
[1] 农业部,国家发展和改革委员会,财政部,等.关于印发《关于推进农业废弃物资源化利用试点的方案》的通知[J].再生资源与循环经济,2016,9(10):3-4,7.
[2] 国务院办公厅.国务院办公厅关于加快推进畜禽养殖废弃物资源化利用的意见[J].再生资源与循环经济,2017,10(06):1-2.
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[9] 李丙智,王桂芳,秦晓飞,等.沼液配施钾肥对果园土壤理化特性和微生物及果品品质影响[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(22):4671-4677.
[10] 吴华山,郭德杰,马艳,等.猪粪沼液施用对土壤氨挥发及玉米产量和品质的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(2):163-168.
[11] 张昌爱,张玉凤,林海涛,等.沼液漫灌对设施土壤连作障碍因子的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2014,33(02):117-120.
[12] 张昌爱,李国生,姚利,等.一种利用沼液矫治大棚土壤连作障碍的方法[P].中国专利:CN102498777A,2012-06-20.
[2] 国务院办公厅.国务院办公厅关于加快推进畜禽养殖废弃物资源化利用的意见[J].再生资源与循环经济,2017,10(06):1-2.
[3] 朱兆良,金继运.保障我国粮食安全的肥料问题[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(2): 259-273.
[4] 李宝玉,毕于运,高春雨,等.我国农业大中型沼气工程发展现状、存在问题与对策措施[J].中国农业资源与区划,2010,31(02):57-61.
[5] 张昌爱,刘英,曹曼,等.沼液的定价方法及其应用效果[J].生态学报,2011,31(6): 1735-1741.
[6] 靳红梅,常志州,叶小梅,等.江苏省大型沼气工程沼液理化特性分析[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(1):291-296.
[7] 沈其林,单胜道,周健驹,等.猪粪发酵沼液成分测定与分析[J].中国沼气,2014,32(3):83-86.
[8] 曹汝坤,陈灏,赵玉柱.沼液资源化利用现状与新技术展望[J].中国沼气,2015,33(02):42-50.
[9] 李丙智,王桂芳,秦晓飞,等.沼液配施钾肥对果园土壤理化特性和微生物及果品品质影响[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(22):4671-4677.
[10] 吴华山,郭德杰,马艳,等.猪粪沼液施用对土壤氨挥发及玉米产量和品质的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(2):163-168.
[11] 张昌爱,张玉凤,林海涛,等.沼液漫灌对设施土壤连作障碍因子的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2014,33(02):117-120.
[12] 张昌爱,李国生,姚利,等.一种利用沼液矫治大棚土壤连作障碍的方法[P].中国专利:CN102498777A,2012-06-20.