小学生自杀死亡事件后的危机干预案例报告
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摘要
本文介绍一例小学五年级女生自杀死亡后对相关人员进行危机干预的案例。干预主要以美国儿童创伤应激网络发布的《学校心理急救现场操作指南》为基础,包括快速评估、保障安全、稳定局面、安抚情绪、建立社会联系与提供社会支持、帮助解决问题和提供应对策略、转介其他服务等核心内容。作者对此次干预的意义和局限性,以及未来常规开展此类工作的前景及困境进行了讨论。
The current paper introduces a postvention after a 5 th grade girl in an elementary school committed suicide.This intervention was based on the Psychological First Aid for Schools:Field Operations Guide issued by U.S.National Child Traumatic Stress Network.It included the following core elements:quick assessment,ensuring safety,stabilization,comfort,providing connection and support,providing solutions and strategies,and referral.This paper discusses impacts,values,and limitations of this intervention.It also explores the potential for routinely conducted postventions by schools after suicide events,and challenges thereof.
The current paper introduces a postvention after a 5 th grade girl in an elementary school committed suicide.This intervention was based on the Psychological First Aid for Schools:Field Operations Guide issued by U.S.National Child Traumatic Stress Network.It included the following core elements:quick assessment,ensuring safety,stabilization,comfort,providing connection and support,providing solutions and strategies,and referral.This paper discusses impacts,values,and limitations of this intervention.It also explores the potential for routinely conducted postventions by schools after suicide events,and challenges thereof.
引文
[1] 刘肇瑞,黄悦勤,马超,等.2002-2015年我国自杀率变化趋势[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2017,31(10):756-767.
[2] Jiang H,Niu L,Hahne J,et al.Changing of suicide rates in China,2002-2015[J].J Affect Disord,2018:165-170.
[3] Sveen CA,Walby FA.Suicide survivors' mental health and grief reactions:a systematic review of controlled studies [J].Suicide Life-Threat,2008,38(1):13-29.
[4] Mcmenamy JM,Jordan JR,Mitchell AM.What do suicide survivors tell us they need?Results of a pilot study[J].Suicide Life-Threat,2008,38(4):375-389.
[5] Karl A,Karolina K.Essential questions on suicide bereavement and postvention[J].Inter J Env Res Pub Heal,2011,9(1):24-32.
[6] Aguirre RTP,Slater H.Suicide postvention as suicide prevention:improvement and expansion in the United States[J].Death Stud,2010,34(6):529-540.
[7] Gilliland BE,James RK.Crisis intervention strategies [M].7th ed.Belmont,CA,US:Thomson Brooks/Cole Publishing Co,2013.
[8] Hazell P.Postvention after teenage suicide:an Australian experience [J].J Adolesc,1991,14(4):335-342.
[9] Zabel RH.Suicide Intervention in the Schools.The Guilford School Practitioners Series [M].Crisis intervention in the schools.Guilford Press,1989.
[10]Callahan J.Negative effects of a school suicide postvention program-a case example [J].Crisis,1996,17(3):108-115.
[11]Szumilas M,Kutcher S.Post-suicide intervention programs-a systematic review [J].Can J Public Health,2011,102(1):18-29.
[12]Hazell P,Lewin T.An evaluation of postvention following adolescent suicide [J].Suicide Life-Threat,1993,23(2):101-109.
[13]Cox GR,Bailey E,Jorm AF,et al.Development of suicide postvention guidelines for secondary schools:a Delphi study [J].BMC Public Health,2016,16(1):180.
[14]Brymer M,Taylor M,Escudero Pet,al.Psychological first aid for schools:field operations guide,2nd edition [M].Los Angeles:National Child Traumatic Stress Network,2002.
[15]Headspace:School support.suicide postvention toolkit.A guide for secondary schools[M/OL].American Foundation for Suicide Prevention and Suicide Prevention Resource Centre .(2012) [2018-06-04).https://headspace.org.au/assets/download-cards/HSP058-Postvention-Toolkit-May-2012-FA2-LR.pdf.
[16]American Foundation for Suicide Prevention,& Suicide Prevention Resource Center.After a suicide:A toolkit for schools [M].2nd ed.Waltham,MA:Education Development Center.2018.
[17]浙江省中小学心理健康教育指导中心.浙江省中小学校园心理危机干预指导手册[M].宁波出版社,2014.
[18]肖水源.自杀危险性的临床评估[J].中国医师杂志,2001,3(2):87-90.
[2] Jiang H,Niu L,Hahne J,et al.Changing of suicide rates in China,2002-2015[J].J Affect Disord,2018:165-170.
[3] Sveen CA,Walby FA.Suicide survivors' mental health and grief reactions:a systematic review of controlled studies [J].Suicide Life-Threat,2008,38(1):13-29.
[4] Mcmenamy JM,Jordan JR,Mitchell AM.What do suicide survivors tell us they need?Results of a pilot study[J].Suicide Life-Threat,2008,38(4):375-389.
[5] Karl A,Karolina K.Essential questions on suicide bereavement and postvention[J].Inter J Env Res Pub Heal,2011,9(1):24-32.
[6] Aguirre RTP,Slater H.Suicide postvention as suicide prevention:improvement and expansion in the United States[J].Death Stud,2010,34(6):529-540.
[7] Gilliland BE,James RK.Crisis intervention strategies [M].7th ed.Belmont,CA,US:Thomson Brooks/Cole Publishing Co,2013.
[8] Hazell P.Postvention after teenage suicide:an Australian experience [J].J Adolesc,1991,14(4):335-342.
[9] Zabel RH.Suicide Intervention in the Schools.The Guilford School Practitioners Series [M].Crisis intervention in the schools.Guilford Press,1989.
[10]Callahan J.Negative effects of a school suicide postvention program-a case example [J].Crisis,1996,17(3):108-115.
[11]Szumilas M,Kutcher S.Post-suicide intervention programs-a systematic review [J].Can J Public Health,2011,102(1):18-29.
[12]Hazell P,Lewin T.An evaluation of postvention following adolescent suicide [J].Suicide Life-Threat,1993,23(2):101-109.
[13]Cox GR,Bailey E,Jorm AF,et al.Development of suicide postvention guidelines for secondary schools:a Delphi study [J].BMC Public Health,2016,16(1):180.
[14]Brymer M,Taylor M,Escudero Pet,al.Psychological first aid for schools:field operations guide,2nd edition [M].Los Angeles:National Child Traumatic Stress Network,2002.
[15]Headspace:School support.suicide postvention toolkit.A guide for secondary schools[M/OL].American Foundation for Suicide Prevention and Suicide Prevention Resource Centre .(2012) [2018-06-04).https://headspace.org.au/assets/download-cards/HSP058-Postvention-Toolkit-May-2012-FA2-LR.pdf.
[16]American Foundation for Suicide Prevention,& Suicide Prevention Resource Center.After a suicide:A toolkit for schools [M].2nd ed.Waltham,MA:Education Development Center.2018.
[17]浙江省中小学心理健康教育指导中心.浙江省中小学校园心理危机干预指导手册[M].宁波出版社,2014.
[18]肖水源.自杀危险性的临床评估[J].中国医师杂志,2001,3(2):87-90.