多点激励的高位隔震单层柱面网壳振动台试验
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摘要
为研究单层柱面网壳结构橡胶支座隔震的效果以及地震动行波效应对隔震网壳地震响应的影响,采用高阻尼橡胶支座对网壳缩尺模型进行高位隔震,输入多组实际地震波进行振动台试验,包括一致激励及视波速1 000m/s、500 m/s和250m/s,测试结构的加速度、位移及杆件应变等动力响应。试验结果表明:HDR支座高位隔震有效延长大跨网壳结构的自振周期,上部结构所承受的总水平地震作用值降低烈度1~3度,隔震后上部结构的运动趋于同步。行波激励下,结构地震响应沿地震波传播方向相对逐渐增大,地震波传出端附近的隔震支座剪切变形明显增大,按一致激励设计偏于不安全。
In order to investigate the changes of earthquake responses in the single-layer cylindrical latticed shell following using the HDR (high damping rubber) bearings,and the influences from earthquake wave-passage effect,a series of shaking table experiments of a single-layer cylindrical latticed shell shrunk model were conducted.The HDR bearings were installed at the top of the supporting columns.The visual wave velocity of earthquake records inputting to the structural model included infinite,1 000 m/s,500 m/s and 250 m/s.The dynamic responses such as acceleration,displacement and strain of members were examined.The results show that high-position seismic isolation with HDR bearings could prolong the vibration period of latticed shell efficiently and reduce 1 to 3 degrees earthquake response of structure upon isolation layer.The latticed shell tends to produce whole motion following the application of the rubber bearings.The structural responses tend to be enlarged along the propagative direction of earthquake and the shear deformations of rubber bearings increase observably at the earthquake wave outlet under non-consistent excitation.Wave passage effect should be taken into account as consistent excitation may cause unsafe estimation.
In order to investigate the changes of earthquake responses in the single-layer cylindrical latticed shell following using the HDR (high damping rubber) bearings,and the influences from earthquake wave-passage effect,a series of shaking table experiments of a single-layer cylindrical latticed shell shrunk model were conducted.The HDR bearings were installed at the top of the supporting columns.The visual wave velocity of earthquake records inputting to the structural model included infinite,1 000 m/s,500 m/s and 250 m/s.The dynamic responses such as acceleration,displacement and strain of members were examined.The results show that high-position seismic isolation with HDR bearings could prolong the vibration period of latticed shell efficiently and reduce 1 to 3 degrees earthquake response of structure upon isolation layer.The latticed shell tends to produce whole motion following the application of the rubber bearings.The structural responses tend to be enlarged along the propagative direction of earthquake and the shear deformations of rubber bearings increase observably at the earthquake wave outlet under non-consistent excitation.Wave passage effect should be taken into account as consistent excitation may cause unsafe estimation.
引文
[1]范峰,支旭东,沈世钊.网壳结构强震失效机理[M].北京:科学出版社,2014.FAN Feng,ZHI Xudong,SHEN Shizhao.Failure Mechanism of Reticulated Shells under Earthquake[M].Beijing:China Science Publishing&media Ltd(CSPM),2014.(in Chinese)
[2]邢佶慧,柳旭东,范锋,等.单层柱面网壳结构地震模拟振动台试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2004,25(4):1-8.XING Jihui,LIU Xudong,FAN Feng,et al.Shaking table experiment research on aseismic behavior of single-layer latticed cylindrical shell[J].Journal of Building Structures,2004,25(4):1-8.(in Chinese)
[3]叶继红,潘锐.单层球壳模型结构振动台试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2013,34(4):81-90.YE Jihong,PAN Rui.Shaking table test on collapse process of single-layer spherical shells[J].Journal of Building Structures,2013,34(4):81-90.(in Chinese)
[4]MOKHA A S,LEE P L,WANG X.Seismic isolation design of the new international terminal at San Francisco international airport[C].Conference on Structure Engineering in the 21st Century,1999,95-98.
[5]薛素铎,蔡炎城,李雄彦,等.被动控制技术在大跨空间结构中的应用概况[J].世界地震工程,2009,25(3):25-33.XUE Suduo,CAI Yancheng,LI Xiongyan,et al.The present situation on application of passive control technology in long-span spatial structures[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2009,25(3):25-33.(in Chinese)
[6]束伟农,朱忠义,祁跃,等.北京新机场航站楼结构设计研究[J].建筑结构,2016,46(17):1-7.SHU Weinong,ZHU Zhongyi,QI Yue,et al.Design and research on terminal building of Beijing new airport[J].Building Structure,2016,46(17):1-7.(in Chinese)
[7]杨飏,范峰,沈世钊.凯威特单层球面网壳结构隔震分析[J].世界地震工程,2007,23(4):25-29.YANG Yang,FAN Feng,SHEN Shizhao.Isolation analysis of single layer Kewitte latticed spherical shell[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2007,23(4):25-29.(in Chinese)
[8]孙君,李爱群,丁幼亮.铅芯橡胶支座参数变化对大跨空间网架水平隔震效果的影响[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2008,28(2):208-212.SUN Jun,LI Aiqun,DING Youliang.Influence of parameters of lead laminated rubber bearing on the horizontal seismic isolation for long-span truss structure[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2008,28(2):208-212.(in Chinese)
[9]薛素铎,赵伟,李雄彦.摩擦摆支座在单层球面网壳结构中的隔震分析[J].世界地震工程,2007,23(2):41-45.XUE Suduo,ZHAO Wei,LI Xiongyan.Seismic isolation of single-layer spherical lattice shells with FPS[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2007,23(2):41-45.(in Chinese)
[10]KIM Yong-Chul,XUE Suduo,ZHUANG Peng,et al.Seismic isolation analysis of FPS bearings in spatial lattice shell structures[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2010,9(1):93-102.
[11]秦权,楼磊.非经典阻尼对悬索桥地震反应的影响[J].土木工程学报,1999,32(3):17-22.QIN Quan,LOU Lei.Effect of non-proportional damping on seismic responses of suspension bridges[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,1999,32(3):17-22.(in Chinese)
[12]施刚,陈经纬,陈宏.上部大跨钢结构与下部混凝土结构协同工作研究进展[J].钢结构,2014,(增刊):39-51.SHI Gang,CHEN Jingwei,CHEN Hong.Research progress on cooperative work of upper large-span steel structure with supporting concrete structure[J].Steel Structure,2014,(S1):39-51.(in Chinese)
[13]潘旦光,高莉莉,李小翠.求解Rayleigh阻尼系数的加权最小二乘法[J].计算力学学报,2015,32(1):70-76.PAN Danguang,GAO Lili,LI Xiaocui.Weighted least squares method for solving Rayleigh damping coefficients[J].Chinese Journal of Computational Mechanics,2015,32(1):70-76.(in Chinese)
[14]孔德文,孙梦涵,支旭东,等.应用摩擦摆支座的单层球面网壳地震响应分析[J].土木工程学报,2012,45(增刊1):158-162.KONG Dewen,SUN Menghan,ZHI Xudong,et al.Seismic response analysis of single layer lattice shell with FPS[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2012,45(S1):158-162.(in Chinese)
[15]谭彦,刘树堂.新型SMA-橡胶支座及在单层球面网壳结构中的隔震研究[J].广州大学学报(自然科学版),2015,15(5):53-60.TAN Yan,LIU Shutang.A new type of SMA-rubber bearing and study on its seismic isolation in reticulated shell[J].Journal of Guangzhou University(Natural Science Edition),2015,15(5):53-60.(in Chinese)
[16]LI Xiongyan,XUE Suduo,CAI Yancheng.Three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing and its application in long span hangars[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2013,12(1):55-65.
[17]范峰,沈世钊.网壳结构的粘滞阻尼减震分析与试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2000,20(1):105-111.FAN Feng,SHEN Shizhao.Vibration reducing analysis and experimental study of viscous damper on reticulated shells[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2000,20(1):105-111.(in Chinese)
[18]秦乃兵,张毅刚,茹洋.采用新型阻尼杆的双层柱面网壳结构减震分析与试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2005,26(6):108-113.QIN Naibing,ZHANG Yigang,RU Yang.Shaking table experimental study on earthquake resistance control of double-layer latticed cylindrical shell with new type damper elements[J].Journal of Building Structures,2005,26(6):108-113.(in Chinese)
[19]陆伟东,刘伟庆,吴晓飞,等.昆明新国际机场航站楼A区结构模型振动台试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2011,32(6):27-33.LU Weidong,LIU Weiqing,WU Xiaofei,et al.Shaking table test of terminal a structure of Kunming international airport[J].Journal of Building Structures,2011,32(6):27-33.(in Chinese)
[20]苏亮,董石麟.水平行波效应下周边支承大跨度单层球面网壳的地震反应[J].空间结构,2006,12(3):24-30.SU Liang,DONG Shilin.Seismic response of a large span single layer reticular dome with surrounding columns considering horizontal wave passage effect[J].Spatial Structures,2006,12(3):24-30.(in Chinese)
[21]束伟农,李华峰,卜龙瑰,等.昆明新机场航站楼多维多点抗震性能研究[J].建筑结构,2009,39(12):68-70.SHU Weinong,LI Huafeng,BU Longgui,et al.Multi-support and multi-dimension excitation seismic analysis on new Kunming airport building[J].Building Structure,2009,39(12):68-70.(in Chinese)
[22]柳国环,国巍.结构地震差动输入-理论、模型和方法[M].北京:地震出版社,2015.LIU Guohuan,GUO Wei.Theory,Model and Method of Spatially Variable Earthquake Motions Input for Structural Analysis[M].Beijing:China Science Publishing&Media Ltd(CSPM),2015.(in Chinese)
[23]周福霖.工程结构减震控制[M].北京:地震出版社,1997.ZHOU Fulin.Seismic Control of Engineering Structure[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1997.(in Chinese)
[24]GB 20688.3─2006橡胶支座第3部分:建筑隔震橡胶支座[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006.GB 20688.3─2006.Rubber Bearings—Part 3:Elastomeric Seismic-protection Isolators for Buildings[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2006.(in Chinese)
[2]邢佶慧,柳旭东,范锋,等.单层柱面网壳结构地震模拟振动台试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2004,25(4):1-8.XING Jihui,LIU Xudong,FAN Feng,et al.Shaking table experiment research on aseismic behavior of single-layer latticed cylindrical shell[J].Journal of Building Structures,2004,25(4):1-8.(in Chinese)
[3]叶继红,潘锐.单层球壳模型结构振动台试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2013,34(4):81-90.YE Jihong,PAN Rui.Shaking table test on collapse process of single-layer spherical shells[J].Journal of Building Structures,2013,34(4):81-90.(in Chinese)
[4]MOKHA A S,LEE P L,WANG X.Seismic isolation design of the new international terminal at San Francisco international airport[C].Conference on Structure Engineering in the 21st Century,1999,95-98.
[5]薛素铎,蔡炎城,李雄彦,等.被动控制技术在大跨空间结构中的应用概况[J].世界地震工程,2009,25(3):25-33.XUE Suduo,CAI Yancheng,LI Xiongyan,et al.The present situation on application of passive control technology in long-span spatial structures[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2009,25(3):25-33.(in Chinese)
[6]束伟农,朱忠义,祁跃,等.北京新机场航站楼结构设计研究[J].建筑结构,2016,46(17):1-7.SHU Weinong,ZHU Zhongyi,QI Yue,et al.Design and research on terminal building of Beijing new airport[J].Building Structure,2016,46(17):1-7.(in Chinese)
[7]杨飏,范峰,沈世钊.凯威特单层球面网壳结构隔震分析[J].世界地震工程,2007,23(4):25-29.YANG Yang,FAN Feng,SHEN Shizhao.Isolation analysis of single layer Kewitte latticed spherical shell[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2007,23(4):25-29.(in Chinese)
[8]孙君,李爱群,丁幼亮.铅芯橡胶支座参数变化对大跨空间网架水平隔震效果的影响[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2008,28(2):208-212.SUN Jun,LI Aiqun,DING Youliang.Influence of parameters of lead laminated rubber bearing on the horizontal seismic isolation for long-span truss structure[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2008,28(2):208-212.(in Chinese)
[9]薛素铎,赵伟,李雄彦.摩擦摆支座在单层球面网壳结构中的隔震分析[J].世界地震工程,2007,23(2):41-45.XUE Suduo,ZHAO Wei,LI Xiongyan.Seismic isolation of single-layer spherical lattice shells with FPS[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2007,23(2):41-45.(in Chinese)
[10]KIM Yong-Chul,XUE Suduo,ZHUANG Peng,et al.Seismic isolation analysis of FPS bearings in spatial lattice shell structures[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2010,9(1):93-102.
[11]秦权,楼磊.非经典阻尼对悬索桥地震反应的影响[J].土木工程学报,1999,32(3):17-22.QIN Quan,LOU Lei.Effect of non-proportional damping on seismic responses of suspension bridges[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,1999,32(3):17-22.(in Chinese)
[12]施刚,陈经纬,陈宏.上部大跨钢结构与下部混凝土结构协同工作研究进展[J].钢结构,2014,(增刊):39-51.SHI Gang,CHEN Jingwei,CHEN Hong.Research progress on cooperative work of upper large-span steel structure with supporting concrete structure[J].Steel Structure,2014,(S1):39-51.(in Chinese)
[13]潘旦光,高莉莉,李小翠.求解Rayleigh阻尼系数的加权最小二乘法[J].计算力学学报,2015,32(1):70-76.PAN Danguang,GAO Lili,LI Xiaocui.Weighted least squares method for solving Rayleigh damping coefficients[J].Chinese Journal of Computational Mechanics,2015,32(1):70-76.(in Chinese)
[14]孔德文,孙梦涵,支旭东,等.应用摩擦摆支座的单层球面网壳地震响应分析[J].土木工程学报,2012,45(增刊1):158-162.KONG Dewen,SUN Menghan,ZHI Xudong,et al.Seismic response analysis of single layer lattice shell with FPS[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2012,45(S1):158-162.(in Chinese)
[15]谭彦,刘树堂.新型SMA-橡胶支座及在单层球面网壳结构中的隔震研究[J].广州大学学报(自然科学版),2015,15(5):53-60.TAN Yan,LIU Shutang.A new type of SMA-rubber bearing and study on its seismic isolation in reticulated shell[J].Journal of Guangzhou University(Natural Science Edition),2015,15(5):53-60.(in Chinese)
[16]LI Xiongyan,XUE Suduo,CAI Yancheng.Three-dimensional seismic isolation bearing and its application in long span hangars[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2013,12(1):55-65.
[17]范峰,沈世钊.网壳结构的粘滞阻尼减震分析与试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2000,20(1):105-111.FAN Feng,SHEN Shizhao.Vibration reducing analysis and experimental study of viscous damper on reticulated shells[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2000,20(1):105-111.(in Chinese)
[18]秦乃兵,张毅刚,茹洋.采用新型阻尼杆的双层柱面网壳结构减震分析与试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2005,26(6):108-113.QIN Naibing,ZHANG Yigang,RU Yang.Shaking table experimental study on earthquake resistance control of double-layer latticed cylindrical shell with new type damper elements[J].Journal of Building Structures,2005,26(6):108-113.(in Chinese)
[19]陆伟东,刘伟庆,吴晓飞,等.昆明新国际机场航站楼A区结构模型振动台试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,2011,32(6):27-33.LU Weidong,LIU Weiqing,WU Xiaofei,et al.Shaking table test of terminal a structure of Kunming international airport[J].Journal of Building Structures,2011,32(6):27-33.(in Chinese)
[20]苏亮,董石麟.水平行波效应下周边支承大跨度单层球面网壳的地震反应[J].空间结构,2006,12(3):24-30.SU Liang,DONG Shilin.Seismic response of a large span single layer reticular dome with surrounding columns considering horizontal wave passage effect[J].Spatial Structures,2006,12(3):24-30.(in Chinese)
[21]束伟农,李华峰,卜龙瑰,等.昆明新机场航站楼多维多点抗震性能研究[J].建筑结构,2009,39(12):68-70.SHU Weinong,LI Huafeng,BU Longgui,et al.Multi-support and multi-dimension excitation seismic analysis on new Kunming airport building[J].Building Structure,2009,39(12):68-70.(in Chinese)
[22]柳国环,国巍.结构地震差动输入-理论、模型和方法[M].北京:地震出版社,2015.LIU Guohuan,GUO Wei.Theory,Model and Method of Spatially Variable Earthquake Motions Input for Structural Analysis[M].Beijing:China Science Publishing&Media Ltd(CSPM),2015.(in Chinese)
[23]周福霖.工程结构减震控制[M].北京:地震出版社,1997.ZHOU Fulin.Seismic Control of Engineering Structure[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1997.(in Chinese)
[24]GB 20688.3─2006橡胶支座第3部分:建筑隔震橡胶支座[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006.GB 20688.3─2006.Rubber Bearings—Part 3:Elastomeric Seismic-protection Isolators for Buildings[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2006.(in Chinese)