水田喷雾机喷雾装置设计与动态分析
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摘要
针对传统机械式喷杆折叠展开过程复杂、同步协调操作性差、机械振动明显等问题,结合东北地区水田植保农艺特点,设计了一种单油缸多折叠机构喷杆。阐述分析了多折叠机构喷杆的结构及工作原理,依据解析法对其各部分杆长进行确定。通过正交试验设计和虚拟仿真技术进行多因素正交试验,探究了不同壁厚下各类型钢管对喷杆质量和第1阶固有频率的影响,应用Design-Expert 8. 0. 6软件对试验结果进行分析优化。优化结果表明,当圆钢管壁厚、矩形钢管壁厚和方钢管壁厚分别为2、2、2 mm时,质量最小,为62. 85 kg,此时动态特性较好,其第1阶固有频率为14. 84 Hz,避开了路面激励频率。运用ANSYS-workbench软件建立了喷杆的有限元模型并进行了数值模态分析,求解了喷杆的前4阶非零模态频率和振型,并通过模态试验验证了数值模型优化结果的准确性。田间试验表明,该机具作业性能稳定,药液喷施均匀,覆盖性较好,作业过程中喷杆无明显振动,各项指标满足水田植保农艺要求。
Aiming at the problems of complicated folding and unfolding process,poor synchronous coordination and the obvious mechanical vibration of traditional mechanical spray rod,a spraying rod consisted of single cylinder multiple folding mechanism was designed combined with the agronomic characteristics of paddy field plant protection in Northeast China. The structure and working principle of the spraying rod with multiple folding mechanism were expounded and analyzed. The length of each part was determined according to analytic method. Through orthogonal experiment and virtual simulation technology,the effects of various types of steel pipes with different wall thicknesses on spray rod quality and first-order natural frequency were investigated,and the results were analyzed and optimized by Design-Expert 8. 0. 6 software. The optimization results showed that when the wall thickness of round steel pipe,rectangular steel pipe and square steel pipe was 2 mm,2 mm and 2 mm respectively,the mass was 62. 85 kg,which was the lightest and the dynamic characteristic was good at this point. Its first order natural frequency was 14. 84 Hz,which avoided the 13. 03 Hz of the pavement incentive frequency. The finite element model of the sprayer was established by ANSYS-workbench software and the numerical modal analysis was carried out. The first four order non-zero modal frequency and vibration mode of the sprayer were solved,and the accuracy of the numerical model optimization results was verified by modal test. Field experiments showed a stable performance of the machine,uniform spraying of liquid pesticide solution,good coverage,and no obvious vibration of spraying lever during operation.
Aiming at the problems of complicated folding and unfolding process,poor synchronous coordination and the obvious mechanical vibration of traditional mechanical spray rod,a spraying rod consisted of single cylinder multiple folding mechanism was designed combined with the agronomic characteristics of paddy field plant protection in Northeast China. The structure and working principle of the spraying rod with multiple folding mechanism were expounded and analyzed. The length of each part was determined according to analytic method. Through orthogonal experiment and virtual simulation technology,the effects of various types of steel pipes with different wall thicknesses on spray rod quality and first-order natural frequency were investigated,and the results were analyzed and optimized by Design-Expert 8. 0. 6 software. The optimization results showed that when the wall thickness of round steel pipe,rectangular steel pipe and square steel pipe was 2 mm,2 mm and 2 mm respectively,the mass was 62. 85 kg,which was the lightest and the dynamic characteristic was good at this point. Its first order natural frequency was 14. 84 Hz,which avoided the 13. 03 Hz of the pavement incentive frequency. The finite element model of the sprayer was established by ANSYS-workbench software and the numerical modal analysis was carried out. The first four order non-zero modal frequency and vibration mode of the sprayer were solved,and the accuracy of the numerical model optimization results was verified by modal test. Field experiments showed a stable performance of the machine,uniform spraying of liquid pesticide solution,good coverage,and no obvious vibration of spraying lever during operation.
引文
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[2]罗锡文,廖娟,胡炼,等.提高农业机械化水平促进农业可持续发展[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(1):1-11.LUO Xiwen,LIAO Juan,HU Lian,et al. Improving agricultural mechanization level to promote agricultural sustainable development[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2016,32(1):1-11.(in Chinese)
[3]马旭,李泽华,梁仲维,等.我国水稻栽植机械化研究现状与发展趋势[J].现代农业装备,2014(1):30-36.MA Xu,LI Zehua,LIANG Zhongwei,et al. Current situation and trend of development of rice planting mechanization research in China[J]. Modern Agricultural Equipment,2014(1):30-36.(in Chinese)
[4]金鑫,董祥,杨学军,等. 3WGZ-500型喷雾机对靶喷雾系统设计与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(7):21-27.JIN Xin,DONG Xiang,YANG Xuejun,et al. Design and experiment of target spraying system of 3WGZ-500 sprayer[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(7):21-27. http:∥www. jcsam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? file_no=20160704&flag=1&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2016. 07. 004.(in Chinese)
[5]宋坚利,何雄奎,杨雪玲,等.喷杆式喷雾机雾流方向角对药液沉积影响的试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(6):96-99.SONG Jianli,HE Xiongkui,YANG Xueling,et al. Influence of nozzle orientation on spray deposits[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2006,22(6):96-99.(in Chinese)
[6]吴吉麟,苗玉斌.不同激励源下宽幅喷雾机喷杆的动态特性分析[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(4):39-44.WU Jilin,MIAO Yubin. Dynamic characteristic analysis of boom for wide sprayer with different exciting sources[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(4):39-44.(in Chinese)
[7]吕信河,肖丽萍,李涛斌,等.我国水稻植保机械存在的问题及相应对策[J].南方农机,2016(3):47-49.
[8]武秀恒,秦嘉浩,杜岳峰,等.高地隙喷雾机主动空气悬架减震控制与实验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(6):60-67.WU Xiuheng,QIN Jiahao,DU Yuefeng,et al. Experiments of vibration control for active pneumatic suspension system in high clearance self-propelled sprayer[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(6):60-67. http:∥www. jcsam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? file_no=20180607&flag=1&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10.6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2018. 06. 007.(in Chinese)
[9] OOMS D,RUTER R,LEBEAU F,et al. Impact of the horizontal movements of a sprayer boom on the longitudinal spray distribution in field conditions[J]. Crop Protection,2003,22(6):813-820.
[10] LARDOUX Y,SINFORT C,ENFALT P,et al. Test method for boom suspension influence on spray distribution,Part I:experimental study of pesticide application under a moving boom original research article[J]. Biosystems Engineering,2007,96(1):29-39.
[11]陈树人,韩红阳,陈刚,等.喷杆喷雾机机架动态特性分析与减振设计[J/OL].农业机械学报,2013,44(4):50-53.CHEN Shuren,HAN Hongyang,CHEN Gang,et al. Dynamic characteristic analysis and vibration reduction design for sprayer frame[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(4):50-53. http:∥www. j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? file_no=20130409&flag=1&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2013. 04. 009.(in Chinese)
[12]王金武,唐汉,沈红光,等.高地隙折腰式水田多功能动力底盘设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(16):32-40.WANG Jinwu,TANG Han,SHEN Hongguang,et al. Design and experiment of high clearance roll-waist multifunctional power chassis for paddy field[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2017,33(16):32-40.(in Chinese)
[13]沈红光.高地隙折腰式水田多功能动力底盘设计与试验[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2017.
[14]陈晨,薛新宇,顾伟,等.喷雾机喷杆结构形状及截面尺寸优化与试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(9):50-56.CHEN Chen,XUE Xinyu,GU Wei,et al. Experiment and structure shape and section size optimization of spray boom[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(9):50-56.(in Chinese)
[15]杨方飞,韩小进,段垚奇,等.高地隙喷杆喷雾机底盘可靠性试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2014,45(10):74-77.YANG Fangfei,HAN Xiaojin,DUAN Yaoqi,et al. Reliability experiment on high clearance boom sprayer chassis[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(10):74-77. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? file_no=20141012&flag=1&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2014. 10.012.(in Chinese)
[16]张立香,刘守荣,毛恩荣,等.基于ANSYS的农机底盘驱动桥壳可靠性分析[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(2):37-43.ZHANG Lixiang,LIU Shourong,MAO Enrong,et al. Reliability analysis of agricultural machinery chassis drive axle housing based on ANSYS[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2013,29(2):37-43.(in Chinese)
[17]申秀敏,刁金冬,李进,等.轿车车身顶棚的有限元模态分析[J].车辆与动力技术,2011(2):42-45.SHEN Xiumin,DIAO Jindong,LI Jin,et al. Finite element modal analysis of car roof panel[J]. Vehicle and Power Technology,2011(2):42-45.(in Chinese)
[18]邱威,丁为民,申宝营,等. 3WZ-700型果园喷雾机通过性能分析[J/OL].农业机械学报,2012,43(6):63-68.QIU Wei,DING Weimin,SHEN Baoying,et al. Analysis on trafficability of 3WZ-700 orchard sprayer[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(6):63-68. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? file_no=20120612&flag=1&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2012. 06. 012.(in Chinese)
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