基于供给侧结构性改革的农地流转有序性分析
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摘要
农地稳定有序流转有利于农业增效农民增收,是实现农业现代化的关键。本文通过分析现有农地流转存在的无序表征,提炼出农地流转有序性特征,鉴于此选取相应的评价指标,构造出农地流转的变动幅度指数、生产率指数、规模结构指数和法制化指数,运用AHP法确定综合有序性指数,测算了2009—2016年各省份及东中西部地区相关指数,分析了其时序演进与空间分布特征。结果表明:经济发达的东部地区,流转效益和法制化程度较高,适度规模化水平较低;中部地区农地流转较快、流转结构较合理,近年来流转规范性虽有提高但仍比较低,生产效益也较低;西部地区农地流转的推进力度及效益较低,流转结构向合理性转变,法制化水平较高;三大地区的区域差异在不断缩小,空间分布特征受到地区自然资源和经济的影响;东部的农地流转综合有序性整体上较高但近年来有下降趋势,中部地区逐渐提升,西部有序性不高但在逐渐转好。因此,为推进农地有序流转,提出因地制宜稳步推进农地流转、促进农业生产效益的提高、协同推进农地适度规模化与新型农业社会化服务体系的构建、建立农地流转纠纷援助服务机构等建议。
Stable and orderly circulation of farmland is conducive to increasing farmers' income and to improving agricultural productivity and it is also a key to the realization of agricultural modernization.By analyzing the disordered characterization of the existing agricultural land circulation,the orderly characteristics of agricultural land circulation are extracted.Based on the corresponding evaluation indicators of the provinces and the eastern,central and western regions in China from 2009 to 2016,this paper constructed and calculated fluctuation range index,productivity index,scale structure index and legalization index of farmland circulation.Furthermore,this paper also built and calculated a comprehensive order index by AHP method.Results show that:in the economically developed eastern region,the efficiency and the degree of legalization of farmland circulation are relatively high,but the level of moderate scale is low.In the central region,farmland circulation is faster and the circulation structure is more reasonable.In recent years,although the standardization of circulation has been improved,it is still relatively low,and production efficiency is also low.The promotion strength and efficiency of farmland circulation in the western region are low,the circulation structure is rationalized,and the level of legalization is relatively high.Regional differences in the three major regions are shrinking and the spatial distribution characteristics are affected by regional natural resource endowments and the development levels of local economies.The comprehensive order index of farmland circulation of the eastern region has been higher with a decreasing trend in recent years.The comprehensive order index of farmland circulation of the central region has gradually increased and that of the western region is not high with slow progressing.Therefore,to promote the orderly transfer of farmland,this paper suggests to promote the transfer of farmland according to local conditions,to improve agricultural productivity,to jointly promote the construction of moderate scale of farmland and new agricultural socialization service system,and to establish a dispute assistance service institution for farmland transfer.
Stable and orderly circulation of farmland is conducive to increasing farmers' income and to improving agricultural productivity and it is also a key to the realization of agricultural modernization.By analyzing the disordered characterization of the existing agricultural land circulation,the orderly characteristics of agricultural land circulation are extracted.Based on the corresponding evaluation indicators of the provinces and the eastern,central and western regions in China from 2009 to 2016,this paper constructed and calculated fluctuation range index,productivity index,scale structure index and legalization index of farmland circulation.Furthermore,this paper also built and calculated a comprehensive order index by AHP method.Results show that:in the economically developed eastern region,the efficiency and the degree of legalization of farmland circulation are relatively high,but the level of moderate scale is low.In the central region,farmland circulation is faster and the circulation structure is more reasonable.In recent years,although the standardization of circulation has been improved,it is still relatively low,and production efficiency is also low.The promotion strength and efficiency of farmland circulation in the western region are low,the circulation structure is rationalized,and the level of legalization is relatively high.Regional differences in the three major regions are shrinking and the spatial distribution characteristics are affected by regional natural resource endowments and the development levels of local economies.The comprehensive order index of farmland circulation of the eastern region has been higher with a decreasing trend in recent years.The comprehensive order index of farmland circulation of the central region has gradually increased and that of the western region is not high with slow progressing.Therefore,to promote the orderly transfer of farmland,this paper suggests to promote the transfer of farmland according to local conditions,to improve agricultural productivity,to jointly promote the construction of moderate scale of farmland and new agricultural socialization service system,and to establish a dispute assistance service institution for farmland transfer.
引文
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[25]黄亮雄,安苑,刘淑琳.中国的产业结构调整:基于三个维度的测算[J].中国工业经济,2013(10):70-82.Huang L X,An Y,Liu S L.Industrial structure change in China:Measures based on three different dimensions[J].China Industrial Economics,2013(10):70-82.
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[2]杨小波,赵金龙.中国农地流转的总体特征分析[J].世界农业,2015(12):144-148.Yang X B,Zhao J L.The general characteristics of farmland circulation in China[J].World Agriculture,2015(12):144-148.
[3]韩长赋.近期农地流转速度会有所放缓[DB/OL].(2016-11-3).http://news.cnstock.com/news,bwkx-201611-3940311.htm.Han C F.The recent agricultural land transfer rate will slow down[DB/OL].(2016-11-3).http://news.cnstock.com/news,bwkx-201611-3940311.htm.
[4]楼江,祝华军.中部粮食产区农户承包地经营与流转状况研究--以湖北省D市为例[J].农业经济问题,2011,32(3):15-20.Lou J,Zhu H J.Study on the operation and transfer status of farmers'contracted farmland in the grain producing regions of central China:A case study of D county-level city in Hubei Province[J].Issues in Agricultural Economy,2011,32(3):15-20.
[5]匡远配,周凌.农地流转的产业结构效应研究[J].经济学家,2016(11):90-96.Kuang Y P,Zhou L.A study on the industrial structure effect of farmland transfer[J].Economist,2016(11):90-96.
[6]尚旭东,常倩,王士权.政府主导农地流转的价格机制及政策效应研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2016,26(8):116-124.Shang X D,Chang Q,Wang S Q.Study on price mechanism and policy effect of government-dominated rural farmland management rights'transfer[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2016,26(8):116-124.
[7]许庆,尹荣梁,章辉.规模经济、规模报酬与农业适度规模经营--基于我国粮食生产的实证研究[J].经济研究,2011,46(3):59-71,94.Xu Q,Yin R L,Zhang H.Economies of scale,returns to scale and the problem of optimum-scale farm management:An empirical study based on grain production in China[J].Economic Research Journal,2011,46(3):59-71,94.
[8]Wang J,Cramer G L,Wailes E.A shadow-price frontier measurement of profit efficiency in Chinese agriculture[J].American Journal of Agricultural Economics,1996,78(1):146-156.
[9]邵挺.土地流转的“名”与“实”:走出“反公地陷阱”[J].中国发展观察,2015(5):51-53.Shao T.The“name”and“real”of land circulation:Getting out of the“anti-common trap”[J].China Development Observation,2015(5):51-53.
[10]钱忠好,冀县卿.中国农地流转现状及其政策改进--基于江苏、广西、湖北、黑龙江四省(区)调查数据的分析[J].管理世界,2016(2):71-81.Qian Z H,Ji X Q.Farmland transfer status and policy implications in rural China[J].Management World,2016(2):71-81.
[11]Ramesh C,Lakshmi P A,Singh A.Farm size and productivity:Understanding the strengths of smallholders and improving their livelihoods[J].Economic&Political Weekly Supplement,2011,46:26-27.
[12]Deininger K,Ali D A,Alemu T.Impacts of land certification on tenure security,investment,and land market participation:Evidence from Ethiopia[J].Land Economics,2011,87(2):312-334.
[13]史卫民.农村土地纠纷的主要类型与发展趋势[J].现代经济探讨,2010(1):68-71.Shi W M.Main types and development trends of rural land disputes[J].Modern Economic Research,2010(1):68-71.
[14]郭忠兴,罗志文.农地产权演进:完整化、完全化与个人化[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2012,22(10):123-130.Guo Z X,Luo Z W.An evolutionary approach on farmland property rights:Integrality,completeness and individualization[J].China Population,Resources and Environment,2012,22(10):123-130.
[15]周敏,雷国平,李菁.资本下乡、产权演化与农地流转冲突[J].中国土地科学,2015,29(8):55-62.Zhou M,Lei G P,Li J.Capital inflow in village,property evolution and farmland transfer conflict[J].China Land Science,2015,29(8):55-62.
[16]马贤磊,仇童伟,钱忠好.农地产权安全性与农地流转市场的农户参与--基于江苏、湖北、广西、黑龙江四省(区)调查数据的实证分析[J].中国农村经济,2015(2):22-37.Ma X L,Qiu T W,Qian Z H.Farmland property right security and farmer's household's participation in farmland rental marketEvidence from Jiangsu Province,Hubei Province,Guangxi Autonomous Region and Heilongjiang Province[J].Chinese Rural Economy,2015(2):22-37.
[17]张溪,黄少安.交易费用视角下的农地流转模式与契约选择[J].东岳论丛,2017,38(7):118-126.Zhang X,Huang S A.Land transfer model and contract choice in the view of transaction cost[J].Dongyue Tribune,2017,38(7):118-126.
[18]李燕杰,周济南.“三权分置”背景下农村土地经营权有序流转的推进路径[J].金陵科技学院学报(社会科学版),2017,31(2):67-70.Li Y J,Zhou J N.The path to advance the orderly circulation of the rural land management right under the background of three rights division[J].Journal of Jinling Institute of Technology(Social Science),2017,31(2):67-70
[19]刘彦随.农村土地流转何以健康前行[N].人民日报,2015-4-22(5).Liu Y S.How can rural land circulation move forward healthily[N].People's Daily,2015-4-22(5).
[20]张登兵,刘思峰.熵与系统有序性研究综述[J].数学的实践与认识,2008,38(24):200-206.Zhang D B,Liu S F.Overview of researches on entropy and system order[J].Mathematics in Practice and Theory,2008,38(24):200-206.
[21]王吉发,郭楠,张翠.基于加权灰熵的科技金融体系有序性判别研究[J].科技管理研究,2015,35(22):37-40.Wang J F,Guo N,Zhang C.Research on order differentiation of science and technology finance system based on weighted degree of grey entropy[J].Science and Technology Management Research,2015,35(22):37-40.
[22]王怀宇.论政治参与的有序性[D].长春:吉林大学,2014.Wang H Y.A study on the ordering of political participation[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2014.
[23]韩长赋.切实把《关于引导农村土地经营权有序流转发展农业适度规模经营的意见》宣传好贯彻好落实好[J].农村经营管理,2015(1):10-14.Han C F.Effectively put forward the“Opinions on guiding the orderly transfer of rural land management rights to develop moderate scale management of agriculture”[J].Management and Administration on Rural Cooperative,2015(1):10-14.
[24]王平,王琴梅.农业供给侧结构性改革的区域能力差异及其改善[J].经济学家,2017(4):89-96.Wang P,Wang Q M.The differences of regional capability in agriculture supply-side structural reform and its improvements[J].Economist,2017(4):89-96.
[25]黄亮雄,安苑,刘淑琳.中国的产业结构调整:基于三个维度的测算[J].中国工业经济,2013(10):70-82.Huang L X,An Y,Liu S L.Industrial structure change in China:Measures based on three different dimensions[J].China Industrial Economics,2013(10):70-82.
[26]Brender A,Drazen A.Do leaders affect government spending priorities[R].National Bureau of Economic Research,2009.
[27]高帆.我国区域农业全要素生产率的演变趋势与影响因素--基于省际面板数据的实证分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2015,32(5):3-19,53.Gao F.Evolution trend and internal mechanism of regional total factor productivity in Chinese agriculture[J].The Journal of Quantitative&Technical Economics,2015,32(5):3-19,53.
[28]Brabec E,Smith C.Agricultural land fragmentation:The spatial effects of three land protection strategies in the eastern United States[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2002,58:255-268.
[29]钱克明,彭廷军.我国农户粮食生产适度规模的经济学分析[J].农业经济问题,2014,35(3):4-7,110.Qian K M,Peng T J.Economic analysis of the moderate scale farmers in food production[J].Issues in Agricultural Economy,2014,35(3):4-7,110.
[30]林万龙.农地经营规模:国际经验与中国的现实选择[J].农业经济问题,2017,38(7):33-42.Lin W L.Farm size:International experience and the realistic choice of China[J].Issues in Agricultural Economy,2017,38(7):33-42.
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