日本《影弘仁本〈文馆词林〉》与北朝文
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摘要
日本《影弘仁本〈文馆词林〉》收录北朝文章49篇,其文献史料价值主要有三:其一,补严氏《全上古三代秦汉三国六朝文》所未辑;其二,补足严氏所收残章断句之篇;其三,与严氏所辑之文互为校勘。日本《影弘仁本〈文馆词林〉》所存高允《南巡颂》、魏收《兖州都督胡延碑铭》(并序)与《征南将军和安碑铭》(并序)等"颂""碑"之文,更是北朝重要文人的散佚作品,可填补北朝文学研究的资料空白。其完整的文本形态与丰富的文学表现是进一步探讨北朝文体演进与文学态势的基础。而大量的北朝公文资料不仅有助于明确北朝诸历史事实,还可推进并还原北朝公牍文的发展脉络,值得深入研究。
On the order of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty,Xu Jingzong of the Secretariat compiled Wenguan Cilin as a classified anthology of prose and poems from the Pre-Qin Period to the Tang Dynasty.Much of the anthology was lost during the early phase of the Song Dynasty.Japan's Chinese Ancient Literature Seminar gathered all of the remnant volumes and compiled thirty volumes of Wenguan Cilinin a printed Japanese Hongren edition,which consists of a large amount of important texts from the Pre-Tang Period including forty-nine extant passages from the Northern Dynasties in Cilin,which are of great documentary and historical value.Cilincomplements Yan Kejun's Complete Texts from Xia,Shang,Zhou,Qin and Han Dynasties,Three Kingdoms Period and Six Dynasties.Nine passages are collected in The Complete Texts from Hou Wei,twenty-one passages are collected in The Complete Texts from Bei Qi and five passages are collected in The Complete Texts from Hou Zhou.Cilinsupplements fragmentary passages in Yan's work,enhances its proportion of integrated texts and therefore elevates its literary and historic values.Emendation between Cilinand Yan's work can be helpful for correcting different characters in passages as well as looking into the problems on transitions in the texts.Specifically,the Japanese Hongren Edition recollects passages from important scholars of the Northern Dynasties like Gao Yun,Wei Shou,Wen Zisheng and Liu Di,whose contents involve documents about many Northern Dynasties historical turning points.Since the Northern Dynasties passages are rarely preserved and researches on Northern Dynasties literature and scholars are insufficient,the passages preserved in Cilin have a great literary and historic value.For example,Ode to the Southern Tour written by Gao Yun in the Bei Wei Dynasty is a complement to the odes in the early phase of Bei Wei and it's also an important text for researches into the literary level and transitions in Bei Wei.On the other hand,being a literary record of Emperor Gaozong of Bei Wei's Southern Tour,it contains a historical value.Also,The Imperial Edict of Amnesty after Emperor Xiaowen of Bei Wei's Capital Movingis a valuable document on the moving of the capital,which is an important political and cultural event.Eleven passages by Bei Qi's renowned scholar Wei Shou largely expand the amount of his works,among which Epitaph of Yanzhou's Governor Hu Yan and Epitaph of Zheng Nan General He An are extremely valuable.These two epitaphs provide high quality texts on the relationships between politics and scholars since both epitaphs are written for people from the favored families in Bei Qi.
On the order of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty,Xu Jingzong of the Secretariat compiled Wenguan Cilin as a classified anthology of prose and poems from the Pre-Qin Period to the Tang Dynasty.Much of the anthology was lost during the early phase of the Song Dynasty.Japan's Chinese Ancient Literature Seminar gathered all of the remnant volumes and compiled thirty volumes of Wenguan Cilinin a printed Japanese Hongren edition,which consists of a large amount of important texts from the Pre-Tang Period including forty-nine extant passages from the Northern Dynasties in Cilin,which are of great documentary and historical value.Cilincomplements Yan Kejun's Complete Texts from Xia,Shang,Zhou,Qin and Han Dynasties,Three Kingdoms Period and Six Dynasties.Nine passages are collected in The Complete Texts from Hou Wei,twenty-one passages are collected in The Complete Texts from Bei Qi and five passages are collected in The Complete Texts from Hou Zhou.Cilinsupplements fragmentary passages in Yan's work,enhances its proportion of integrated texts and therefore elevates its literary and historic values.Emendation between Cilinand Yan's work can be helpful for correcting different characters in passages as well as looking into the problems on transitions in the texts.Specifically,the Japanese Hongren Edition recollects passages from important scholars of the Northern Dynasties like Gao Yun,Wei Shou,Wen Zisheng and Liu Di,whose contents involve documents about many Northern Dynasties historical turning points.Since the Northern Dynasties passages are rarely preserved and researches on Northern Dynasties literature and scholars are insufficient,the passages preserved in Cilin have a great literary and historic value.For example,Ode to the Southern Tour written by Gao Yun in the Bei Wei Dynasty is a complement to the odes in the early phase of Bei Wei and it's also an important text for researches into the literary level and transitions in Bei Wei.On the other hand,being a literary record of Emperor Gaozong of Bei Wei's Southern Tour,it contains a historical value.Also,The Imperial Edict of Amnesty after Emperor Xiaowen of Bei Wei's Capital Movingis a valuable document on the moving of the capital,which is an important political and cultural event.Eleven passages by Bei Qi's renowned scholar Wei Shou largely expand the amount of his works,among which Epitaph of Yanzhou's Governor Hu Yan and Epitaph of Zheng Nan General He An are extremely valuable.These two epitaphs provide high quality texts on the relationships between politics and scholars since both epitaphs are written for people from the favored families in Bei Qi.
引文
[1]許敬宗編:《影弘仁本〈文館詞林〉》,東京:日本古典研究會,昭和四十四年(1969)。[Xu Jingzong(ed.),Wenguan Cilin Printed in Japanese Hongren Period,Tokyo:Japan's Chinese Ancient Literature Seminar,1969.]
[2]魏收:《魏书》,北京:中华书局,1995年。[Wei Shou,Weishu,Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,1995.]
[3]逯耀东:《从平成到洛阳---拓跋魏文化转变的历程》,北京:中华书局,2006年。[Lu Yaodong,From Pingcheng to Luoyang:The Course of the Transformation of the Culture of the Wei Dynasty,Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,2006.]
[4]李百药:《北齐书》,北京:中华书局,2003年。[Li Baiyao,Beiqi Shu,Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,2003.]
[5]严可均编:《全上古三代秦汉三国六朝文》,北京:中华书局,2012年。[Yan Kejun(ed.),Complete Prose from Xia,Shang,Zhou,Qin and Han Dynasties,Three Kingdoms Period and Six Dynasties,Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,2012.]
[6]李延寿:《北史》,北京:中华书局,1974年。[Li Yanshou,The History of the Northern Dynasties,Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,1974.]
[7]令狐德棻:《周书》,北京:中华书局,2003年。[Linghu Defen,Zhoushu,Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,2003.]
[8]许敬宗编:《日藏弘仁本〈文馆词林〉校证》,罗国威整理,北京:中华书局,2001年。[Xu Jingzong(ed.),Wenguan Cilin Printed in Japanese Hongren Period,proofread by Luo Guowei,Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,2001.]
(1)靳生禾、谢鸿喜《北魏〈皇帝南巡之颂〉碑考察报告》(载《山西大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》1994年第2期,第18-24页)一文报告了该碑的发现及内容,并对其史料价值有所阐发。
(2)靳生禾、谢鸿喜《北魏〈皇帝南巡之颂〉碑考察报告》(同上)亦认为:“文成帝拓跋浚的南巡,正是北魏王朝采取的民族融合—汉化战略链条上的重要一环。”
(1)《魏书·高祖纪》载:“十有二月……帝为高丽王琏举哀于城东行宫。”见魏收《魏书》,(北京)中华书局1995年版,第168-169页。
(1)崔志伟《北地才子:温子昇年谱》(载《兰州教育学院学报》2011年第5期,第3-8页)系《魏帝纳皇后群臣上礼章》于孝静帝兴和元年(539),并加按语曰:“高欢位高权重,孝静帝聘其女颇有政治意味,而孝静帝在兴和元年五月将其女立为皇后不能不说是一种安抚高氏的政治手段,此时群臣上表也颇有讨好高欢之意,故当作于是年。”
(1)《周书》曰:“是年,乃遣柱国杨忠与突厥东伐……至是,并许还朝,且请和好。”见令狐德棻《周书》,(北京)中华书局2003年版,第169页。该事在保定四年八月。
[2]魏收:《魏书》,北京:中华书局,1995年。[Wei Shou,Weishu,Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,1995.]
[3]逯耀东:《从平成到洛阳---拓跋魏文化转变的历程》,北京:中华书局,2006年。[Lu Yaodong,From Pingcheng to Luoyang:The Course of the Transformation of the Culture of the Wei Dynasty,Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,2006.]
[4]李百药:《北齐书》,北京:中华书局,2003年。[Li Baiyao,Beiqi Shu,Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,2003.]
[5]严可均编:《全上古三代秦汉三国六朝文》,北京:中华书局,2012年。[Yan Kejun(ed.),Complete Prose from Xia,Shang,Zhou,Qin and Han Dynasties,Three Kingdoms Period and Six Dynasties,Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,2012.]
[6]李延寿:《北史》,北京:中华书局,1974年。[Li Yanshou,The History of the Northern Dynasties,Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,1974.]
[7]令狐德棻:《周书》,北京:中华书局,2003年。[Linghu Defen,Zhoushu,Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,2003.]
[8]许敬宗编:《日藏弘仁本〈文馆词林〉校证》,罗国威整理,北京:中华书局,2001年。[Xu Jingzong(ed.),Wenguan Cilin Printed in Japanese Hongren Period,proofread by Luo Guowei,Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,2001.]
(1)靳生禾、谢鸿喜《北魏〈皇帝南巡之颂〉碑考察报告》(载《山西大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》1994年第2期,第18-24页)一文报告了该碑的发现及内容,并对其史料价值有所阐发。
(2)靳生禾、谢鸿喜《北魏〈皇帝南巡之颂〉碑考察报告》(同上)亦认为:“文成帝拓跋浚的南巡,正是北魏王朝采取的民族融合—汉化战略链条上的重要一环。”
(1)《魏书·高祖纪》载:“十有二月……帝为高丽王琏举哀于城东行宫。”见魏收《魏书》,(北京)中华书局1995年版,第168-169页。
(1)崔志伟《北地才子:温子昇年谱》(载《兰州教育学院学报》2011年第5期,第3-8页)系《魏帝纳皇后群臣上礼章》于孝静帝兴和元年(539),并加按语曰:“高欢位高权重,孝静帝聘其女颇有政治意味,而孝静帝在兴和元年五月将其女立为皇后不能不说是一种安抚高氏的政治手段,此时群臣上表也颇有讨好高欢之意,故当作于是年。”
(1)《周书》曰:“是年,乃遣柱国杨忠与突厥东伐……至是,并许还朝,且请和好。”见令狐德棻《周书》,(北京)中华书局2003年版,第169页。该事在保定四年八月。