河南省城市气象灾害应急能力评价与提升策略研究
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摘要
对河南省各城市气象灾害应急能力进行评价研究,采用层次分析法,从监测预警、预防准备、处置救援、恢复重建4个方面构建评价指标体系和模型,对河南省各城市气象灾害应急能力进行评价。结果显示:河南省城市气象灾害应急能力整体上呈西北部较高,南部和东部较低的空间分布格局;郑州市气象灾害应急能力最高,洛阳、焦作、安阳、新乡等城市气象灾害应急能力也较高,信阳和漯河气象灾害应急能力最差。依据评价结果和河南省的实际情况,提出以下建议:加大医疗和公共安全方面的财政投入;构建区域性的应急救援机制;加强对气象灾害的综合监测以及增强对公众防灾减灾的教育。
Evaluating the emergency response capability of meteorological disasters in cities in Henan Province can provide a basis for disaster prevention and mitigation. We constructed evaluation index system and model from four aspects,such as monitoring and early warning,prevention and preparation,disposal and rescue,recovery and reconstruction by Analytic Hierarchy Process( AHP), and evaluated the emergency response capacity of meteorological disasters in various cities in Henan Province. The results show that the emergency response capacity of urban meteorological disasters in Henan Province is higher in the northwest and lower in the south and east. The highest emergency response capacity of meteorological disasters is Zhengzhou City,followed by Luoyang,Jiaozuo,Anyang,Xinxiang etc.,and the worst is Xinyang and Luohe. Based on the evaluation results and the actual situation in Henan Province,we propose the following suggestions: increasing the financial investment in medical and public security, building the regional emergency rescue mechanism, strengthening comprehensive monitoring of meteorological disasters and enhancing the public education in disaster prevention and mitigation
Evaluating the emergency response capability of meteorological disasters in cities in Henan Province can provide a basis for disaster prevention and mitigation. We constructed evaluation index system and model from four aspects,such as monitoring and early warning,prevention and preparation,disposal and rescue,recovery and reconstruction by Analytic Hierarchy Process( AHP), and evaluated the emergency response capacity of meteorological disasters in various cities in Henan Province. The results show that the emergency response capacity of urban meteorological disasters in Henan Province is higher in the northwest and lower in the south and east. The highest emergency response capacity of meteorological disasters is Zhengzhou City,followed by Luoyang,Jiaozuo,Anyang,Xinxiang etc.,and the worst is Xinyang and Luohe. Based on the evaluation results and the actual situation in Henan Province,we propose the following suggestions: increasing the financial investment in medical and public security, building the regional emergency rescue mechanism, strengthening comprehensive monitoring of meteorological disasters and enhancing the public education in disaster prevention and mitigation
引文
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[23]张永领.防灾减灾管理[M].湘潭:湘潭大学出版社,2014.
[24]徐艺红.城市气象灾害预防措施探索[J].科技展望,2017,27(6):299.
[25]秦莲霞,张庆阳,郭家康.国外气象灾害防灾减灾及其借鉴[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2014(s1):349-354.
[26]陈安,陈宁,倪慧芸,等.现代应急管理理论与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
[27]王宏伟.公共安全管理研究:非常规突发事件及其应对[M].北京:人民出版社,2013.
[28]贺山峰,高秀华,杜丽萍,等.河南省城市灾害应急能力评价研究[J].资源开发与市场,2016,32(8):897-901.
[29]河南省统计局.河南统计年鉴2017[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2018.
[2]Subramaniam C,Kerpedjiev S.Dissemination of weather information to emergency managers:a decision support tool[J].Engineering Management IEEE Transactions on,1998,45(2):106-114.
[3]H Auld,D Maclver,J Klaassen,N Comer,BTugwood.Planning for Atmospheric Hazards and Disaster Management Under Changing Climate Conditions[J].Eic Climate Change Technology,2007,16(2):320-322.
[4]ZC Aye,T Sprague,VJ Cortes,K PrengerBerninghoff,M Jaboyedoff,Marc-Henri Derrona.Acollaborative(web-GIS)framework based on empirical data collected from three case studies in Europe for risk management of hydro-meteorological hazards[J].International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction,2016,15:10-23.
[5]Chandana S.A.Siriwardana,G.P.Jayasiri,S.S.L.Hettiarachchi.Investigation of efficiency and effectiveness of the existing disaster management frameworks in Sri Lanka[J].Procedia Engineering,2018,212:1091-1098.
[6]铁永波,唐川.城市灾害应急能力评价指标体系建构[J].城市问题,2005,24(6):76-79.
[7]王瑛,赵谦,曹玮,等.气象灾害应急管理能力评价体系研究[J].安全与环境学报,2011,11(5):245-251.
[8]韩颖,岳贤平,崔维军,等.气象灾害应急管理能力评价[J].气象科技,2011,39(2):242-246.
[9]曹玮,肖皓,罗珍.基于“三预”视角的区域气象灾害应急预防能力评价体系研究[J].情报杂志,2012,31(1):57-63+94.
[10]郑传新,刘远,李向红,等.层次分析法在气象灾害应急管理能力综合评价中的应用[J].气象研究与应用,2017,38(4):48-50.
[11]赵谦.气象灾害应急管理能力评价体系研究[D].湖南大学,2011.
[12]李京.自然灾害灾情评估模型与方法体系[M].北京:科学出版社,2012.
[13]吴吉东,傅宇,张洁,等.1949-2013年中国气象灾害灾情变化趋势分析[J].自然资源学报,2014,29(9):1520-1530.
[14]郜风涛,宇如聪,王伟,等.气象灾害防御条例释义[M].北京:中国法制出版社,2010.
[15]中国气象局.中国气候公报2017[EB/OL].(2018-01-17)[2018-01-17].http://www.cma.gov.cn/root7/auto13139/201801/t20180117_46048.html
[16]辛吉武.气象灾害防御体系构建[M].北京:科学出版社,2014.
[17]刘弘涛,王汝恒,姚勇,等.防灾减灾措施研究[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2014.
[18]James L W.A report to the unite states senate committee on appropriations:State capability Assessment for readiness[J/OL].Federal Emergency Management Agency,1997,12:1-11.http://www.fema.gov
[19]Federal emergency management agency&national emergency management association,state capability assessment for readiness[EB/0L]2000,4:5-9.http://www.allhandssonsulfing.com
[20]万奎.浙江省县域气象灾害监测预警及信息发布的现状分析与对策研究[D].浙江大学,2014.
[21]关颖慧,王彬,郑粉莉,等.2012年我国气象灾害特征分析[J].自然灾害学报,2014,23(1):24-31.
[22]中国气象局.国家气象灾害应急预案[EB/OL].(2016-11-25)[2016-12-13].http://www.cma.gov.cn/root7/auto13139/201612/t20161213_350746.html
[23]张永领.防灾减灾管理[M].湘潭:湘潭大学出版社,2014.
[24]徐艺红.城市气象灾害预防措施探索[J].科技展望,2017,27(6):299.
[25]秦莲霞,张庆阳,郭家康.国外气象灾害防灾减灾及其借鉴[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2014(s1):349-354.
[26]陈安,陈宁,倪慧芸,等.现代应急管理理论与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
[27]王宏伟.公共安全管理研究:非常规突发事件及其应对[M].北京:人民出版社,2013.
[28]贺山峰,高秀华,杜丽萍,等.河南省城市灾害应急能力评价研究[J].资源开发与市场,2016,32(8):897-901.
[29]河南省统计局.河南统计年鉴2017[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2018.