悬浮颗粒物凝聚体的溢油清除实验
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摘要
基于石油-悬浮颗粒凝聚体形成的海洋溢油修复模拟实验,包括施加消油剂前后的油品性质测定、悬浮物采集及其性质测定以及修复模拟实验三部分,在紫外荧光显微镜下观察石油与悬浮物形成凝聚体结构,并通过气相色谱-火焰离子检测器方法测定石油含量,研究悬浮物和消油剂的溢油清除效率及其最佳清除条件.结果表明,在复杂海洋环境条件下,悬浮物与溢油通过形成凝聚体而增大溢油的清除,添加悬浮物可以使最佳剂油比由0.2降低至0.1,最大溢油清除效率提高至74%～84%.
Simulative experiment on marine spill-oil removal based on formation of oil-suspended particulate matter(SPM)aggregation includes three parts such as the test of oil property,collection of suspended matter and its property test,and simulative experiment on remediation before and after the application of the oil dispersant.The structure of the aggregation formed by oil and suspended matter was observed with ultraviolet fluorescent microscope,the petroleum content was tested with gas chromatograph-flame ionization detector(GC-FID),and the efficiency of spill-oil removal with suspended matter and oil dispersant,and optimum removal condition were investigated.It was shown by experimental result that under complicated marine environmental condition,the removal of the spill-oil would be enhanced by the aggregation formed by the suspended matter and spilled oil;the addition of suspended matter could make the optimal ratio of oil dispersant to spilled oil to be reduced from 0.2 to 0.1,and the maximum efficiency of spill-oil removal to be improved up to 74% to 84%.Incorporate action of chemical oil dispersant and suspended particulate matter would be a very prospective environment-friendly-type marine oil-spill remediation method.
Simulative experiment on marine spill-oil removal based on formation of oil-suspended particulate matter(SPM)aggregation includes three parts such as the test of oil property,collection of suspended matter and its property test,and simulative experiment on remediation before and after the application of the oil dispersant.The structure of the aggregation formed by oil and suspended matter was observed with ultraviolet fluorescent microscope,the petroleum content was tested with gas chromatograph-flame ionization detector(GC-FID),and the efficiency of spill-oil removal with suspended matter and oil dispersant,and optimum removal condition were investigated.It was shown by experimental result that under complicated marine environmental condition,the removal of the spill-oil would be enhanced by the aggregation formed by the suspended matter and spilled oil;the addition of suspended matter could make the optimal ratio of oil dispersant to spilled oil to be reduced from 0.2 to 0.1,and the maximum efficiency of spill-oil removal to be improved up to 74% to 84%.Incorporate action of chemical oil dispersant and suspended particulate matter would be a very prospective environment-friendly-type marine oil-spill remediation method.
引文
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[14]SUN J,KHELIFA A,ZHENG X,et al.A laboratory study on the kinetics of the formation of oil-suspended particulate matter aggregates using the NIST-1941bsediment[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2010,60:1701-1707.
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[16]SUN J,KHELIFA A,ZHAO C,et al.Laboratory investigation of oil-suspended particulate matter aggregation under different mixing conditions[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,473/474:742-749.
[2]JERNELOV A.The threats from oil spills:now,then,and in the future[J].AMBIO,2010,39:353-366.
[3]GONG Y,ZHAO X,CAI Z,et al.A review of oil,dispersed oil and sediment interactions in the aquatic environment:influence on the fate,transport and remediation of oil spills[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2014,79:16-33.
[4]FINGAS M.The basics of oil spill cleanup[M].New York:Lewis Publishers,2001.
[5]彭丽,刘昌见,刘百军,等.水稻秸秆蒸汽爆破-酯化改性制备吸油材料[J].化工学报,2015,66(5):1854-1860.
[6]FU Y,CHUNG D.Coagulation of oil in water using sawdust,bentonite and calcium hydroxide to form floating sheets[J].Applied Clay Science,2011,53:634-641.
[7]PRINCE R C,MCFARLIN K M,BUTLER J D,et al.The primary biodegradation of dispersed crude oil in the sea[J].Chemosphere,2013,90:521-526.
[8]SUN J,ZHENG X.A review of oil-suspended particulate matter aggregation-a natural process of cleansing spilled oil in the aquatic environment[J].J Environ Monit,2009,11,1801-1809.
[9]AJIJOLAIYA L O,HILL P S,KHELIFA A,et al.Laboratory investigation of the effects of mineral size and concentration on the formation of oil-mineral aggregations[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2006,52:920-927.
[10]FLOCH S L,GUYOMARCH J,MERLIN F X,et al.The influence of salinity on oil-mineral aggregate formation[J].Spill Sci Technol Bull,2002,8(1):65-71.
[11]KHELIFA A,STOFFYN-EGLI P,HILL P S,et al.Characteristics of oil droplets stabilized by mineral particles:effects of oil type and temperature[J].Spill Sci Technol Bull,2002,8(1):19-30.
[12]KHELIFA A,STOFFYN-EGLI P,HILL P S,et al.Effects of salinity and clay type on oil-mineral aggregation[J].Mar Environ Res,2005,59:235-254.
[13]孙娟.滨海环境石油—悬浮颗粒物凝聚体形成的动力学研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2010.
[14]SUN J,KHELIFA A,ZHENG X,et al.A laboratory study on the kinetics of the formation of oil-suspended particulate matter aggregates using the NIST-1941bsediment[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2010,60:1701-1707.
[15]SUN J,ZHAO D,ZHAO C,et al.Investigation of the kinetics of oil-suspended particulate matter aggregation[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2013,76:250-257.
[16]SUN J,KHELIFA A,ZHAO C,et al.Laboratory investigation of oil-suspended particulate matter aggregation under different mixing conditions[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,473/474:742-749.
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