浅海勘探开发一体化井口回接技术
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摘要
按照相关法律法规,探井完成其勘探使命后面临永久弃置和临时弃置的选择,永久弃置要求高于临时弃置。临时弃置若转为永久弃置需要动员钻井船,增加高昂的工程投资;永久弃置之后即便探井具备良好的产能也无法转化为开发井生产。适用于浅海的泥面以下井口回接技术可使探井弃置满足永久弃置要求且具备回接转为开发井的可能性,但目前对泥面以下回接技术研究较少。鉴于此,调研国内外相关水下回接技术并结合渤海情况总结出制约泥面以下回接技术的主要因素:泥面下井口探寻、泥面下可视化作业以及泥面下回接工具研发等。调研未来可能解决井口回接技术瓶颈的相关科技进展,提出了泥面以下井口回接的研究方向,指出泥面以下回接技术在当前技术条件下具备可行性。兼顾永久弃置要求的弃置方式可以使工程投资有的放矢,未来应用前景广阔。
According to relevant laws and regulations,at the end of well life,the exploratory well will either be permanently abandoned or temporary abandoned. The permanent abandonment requirement is stricter than the temporary abandonment. Mobilization of drilling ship is needed if temporary abandonment is converted to permanent abandonment,which would increase cost. After permanent abandonment,the exploratory well cannot be produced as development well even with good production capacity. The wellhead tieback technology below mud line applicable to the shallow sea could meet the requirements of permanent exploratory well and make it possible to convert the permanently abandoned exploration well to produce as development well. Few studies have been focused on the wellhead tieback technology below mud line. By investigating the relevant subsea wellhead tieback technology and the Bohai Sea situation,the main factors influencing the wellhead tieback technology below mud line are summarized: identification of wellhead below mud line,the visualization below the mud line and the development of the tieback tool. The relevant technological progresses that may address the technical bottleneck in the future are investigated. The research direction of the wellhead tieback below mud line is put forward. The feasibility of wellhead tieback below mud line under current technologies is confirmed positive. The well abandonment method that takes into account the permanent abandonment requirements can make the project investment more flexible,presenting a broad future application prospect.
According to relevant laws and regulations,at the end of well life,the exploratory well will either be permanently abandoned or temporary abandoned. The permanent abandonment requirement is stricter than the temporary abandonment. Mobilization of drilling ship is needed if temporary abandonment is converted to permanent abandonment,which would increase cost. After permanent abandonment,the exploratory well cannot be produced as development well even with good production capacity. The wellhead tieback technology below mud line applicable to the shallow sea could meet the requirements of permanent exploratory well and make it possible to convert the permanently abandoned exploration well to produce as development well. Few studies have been focused on the wellhead tieback technology below mud line. By investigating the relevant subsea wellhead tieback technology and the Bohai Sea situation,the main factors influencing the wellhead tieback technology below mud line are summarized: identification of wellhead below mud line,the visualization below the mud line and the development of the tieback tool. The relevant technological progresses that may address the technical bottleneck in the future are investigated. The research direction of the wellhead tieback below mud line is put forward. The feasibility of wellhead tieback below mud line under current technologies is confirmed positive. The well abandonment method that takes into account the permanent abandonment requirements can make the project investment more flexible,presenting a broad future application prospect.
引文
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[2]刘小鸿,崔大勇,刘洪杰,等.渤中3-2边际小油气田开发策略研究[J].海洋石油,2010,30(1):67-71.LIU X H,CUI D Y,LIU H J,et al.Research on development plan for offshore marginal oilfields-taking BZ3-2 Oilfield as an example[J].Offshore Oil,2010,30(1):67-71.
[3]中国海洋石油总公司.海洋石油弃井规范:Q/HS2025-2010[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2011.CNOOC.Specification for offshore well abandonment:Q/HS 2025-2010[S].Beijing:China Standard Press,2011.
[4]张永华,王玉广,李淑媛.新旧海洋功能区划指标体系对比分析[J].海洋开发与管理,2005(5):47-50.ZHANG Y H,WANG Y G,LI S Y.Comparison and analysis of the index system of the new and old marine functional zones[J].Ocean Development and Management,2005(5):47-50.
[5]屈植.渤海油田环保全过程管理实践[J].石油化工安全环保技术,2017,33(5):8-13.QU Z.Environment management of Bohai oil field[J].Petrochemical Safety and Environmental Protection Technology,2017,33(5):8-13.
[6]苗丰民.功能区划研究进展与相关问题初探[J].海洋开发与管理,2008(6):9-12.MIAO F M.Research progress and related problems of functional zones[J].Ocean Development and Management,2008(6):9-12.
[7]喻西崇,谢彬,金晓剑,等.国外深水气田开发工程模式探讨[J].中国海洋平台,2009,24(3):52-56.YU X C,XIE B,JIN X J,et al.The discussion of development engineering modes for oversea deep water gas field[J].China Offshore Platform,2009,24(3):52-56.
[8]龚再升.澳大利亚吉普赛兰盆地小油田的开发[J].中国海上油气,1989(2):52.GONG Z S.Development of a small oil field in the Australian Gypsy orchid basin[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,1989(2):52.
[9]ANON.The CACT operator of the Huizhou 32-5 oil field in the eastern South China Sea has first adopted the underwater wellhead back up engineering development field in the eastern South China Sea for the first time[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,1999(2):57.
[10]金连登,王定亚,邓平,等.海洋水下井口回接装置技术现状及结构分析[J].石油矿场机械,2014,43(11):14-17.JIN L D,WANG D Y,DENG P,et al.Analysis of the status and structure of subsea wellhead tieback device[J].Oil Field Equipment,2014,43(11):14-17.
[11]赵保仁,庄国文,曹德明,等.渤海的环流、潮余流及其对沉积物分布的影响[J].海洋与湖沼,1995(5):466-473.ZHAO B R,ZHUANG G W,CAO D M,et al.Circulation,tidal residual currents and their effects on the sedimentations in bohai sea[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,1995(5):466-473.
[12]张钧.气田完井手册[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1998ZHANG J.Gas field completion manual[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1998
[13]魏刚,李立宏,张春琳,等.水下井口回接工艺在边际油田开发中的应用及改进[J].海洋石油,2009,29(2):88-91.WEI G,LI L H,ZHANG C L,et al.Application and innovation of subsea wellhead tieback technology in marginal oilfield development[J].Offshore Oil,2009,29(2):88-91.
[14]陈建兵,安文忠,李伯魁.绥中36-1-E平台E1井套管回接技术[J].石油钻采工艺,2001,23(2):33-35,84.CHEN J B,AN W Z,LI B K.Tieback technology of well SZ36-1-E1[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2001,23(2):33-35,84.
[15]蒲玉成.渤海老油田的可持续性开发---对当前渤海老油田工程设施更新改造的几点思考[J].科协论坛(下半月),2013(3):17-20.PU Y C.Sustainable development of Bohai old oil field-Reflections on renovation of engineering facilities in old oil fields in Bohai[J].The association forum for science and Technology(the second half of the month),2013(3):17-20.
[16]刘立名,孙宝仓.渤海海域石油天然气开发历程与前景[J].中国海洋平台,1996(6):12-16.LIU L M,SUN B C.The developing course and prospect of oil and gas in Bohai field[J].China Offshore Patform,1996(6):12-16.
[17]刘菊娥,孙国民,郑向荣,等.BZ34-3/5边际油气田有效开发工程关键技术及其应用[J].中国海上油气,2008,20(6):411-415.LIU J E,SUN G M,ZHENG X R,et al.The critical technologies and their application in Bozhong 34-3/5marginal oilfields development engineering[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2008,20(6):411-415.
[18]国家质量技术监督局.海底地形图编绘规范:GB/T 17834-1999[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1999.The state bureau of quality and technical supervision.Specifications for bathymetric charts:GB/T 17834-1999[S].Beijing:China Standard Press,1999.
[19]中国海洋石油总公司.开发井水下井口和采油树选型及性能要求:Q/HS 14024-2015[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2015.CNOOC.Selection and Performance requirement for Subsea wellhead and christmas tree of development well:Q/HS 14024-2015[S].Beijing:China Standard Press,2015.
[20]何福耀,谢中成,黄召,等.泥挂系统回接工艺在东海的应用[J].中国石油和化工标准与质量,2017,37(20):182-184.HE F Y,XIE Z C,HUANG Z,et al.Application of mud hanging system back connection in the East China Sea[J].China Petroleum and Chemical Industry,2017,37(20):182-184.
[21]赵少伟,范白涛,岳文凯,等.海上高效侧钻小井眼水平井钻完井技术研究及应用[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程),2016,43(3):13-18.ZHAO S W,FAN B T,YUE W K,et al.Research and application of offshore drilling and completion technology of efficient sidetracking slim-hole horizontal well[J].Exploration Engineering(Rock&Soil Drilling and Tunneling)2016,43(3):13-18.
[22]陈世春,王树超.小井眼侧钻短半径水平井钻井技术[J].石油钻采工艺,2007,29(3):11-14.CHEN S C,WANG S C.Slim hole hidetracking and short-radius horizontal well drilling technology[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2007,29(3):11-14.
[23]JAMES W,SULIMAN S,AL-SUWAILEM R,et al.Aunique rigless casing leak repair,Ghawar Field,Saudi Arabia[R].SPE 68129,2001.
[24]ZACARISA G,LUIS H D,JOSE V C.Efficient offshore scale removal without a rig:Planning,logistics,and execution[R].SPE 113783,2008.
[25]许明标,刘卫红,张忠强.无钻井船作业技术在海洋弃井作业中的应用[J].石油天然气学报,2010,32(1):157-160.XU M B,LIU W H,ZHANG Z Q.The application of rigless operation technology in offshore well abandonment[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2010,32(1):157-160.
[26]马认琦,李刚,王超,等.250 MPa超高压磨料射流井下内切割技术[J].石油机械,2015,43(10):50-53.MA R Q,LI G,WANG C,et al.Downhole inner cutting technology based on 250 MPa ultra high pressure abrasive water jet[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2015,43(10):50-53.
[27]凌勇坚.吹泥船的气压操作系统[J].液压气动与密封,2002(6):38.LING Y J.Air pressure operating system of dredger[J].Hyd Penum&Seal,2002(6):38.
[28]杜军波.一种三维动态测量系统在海洋工程中的应用[J].舰船电子工程,2015,35(5):114-117.DU J B.Application of three-dimensional measurement in ocean engineering[J].Ship Electronic Engineering,2015,35(5):114-117.
[29]严浙平,王璐.UUV水下定位方法的研究现状与进展[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,2017,38(7):989-1000.YAN Z P,WANG L.Research status and progress of UUV underwater localization[J].Journal of Harbin Engineering University,2017,38(7):989-1000.
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