地方国企依赖、劳动力流动与城乡收入差距

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英文篇名：Reliance on SOEs,Labor Mobility and Urban-rural Income Gap 作者：赵天阳 ; 刘慧 英文作者：ZHAO Tian-yang;LIU Hui;Economic Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of social Science; 关键词：地方国企依赖 ; 资本密集型产业 ; 劳动力流动 ; 城乡收入差距 英文关键词：Reliance on SOEs;;Capital intensive industry;;Labor mobility;;The income gap between urban and rural areas 中文刊名：JXJG 英文刊名：Journal of Technical Economics & Management 机构：上海社会科学院经济研究所; 出版日期：2019-03-26 出版单位：技术经济与管理研究 年：2019 期：No.272 基金：国家社会科学基金项目(18BJL124)、(15BJL017);; 教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(16YJA790012) 语种：中文; 页：JXJG201903018 页数：5 CN：03 ISSN：14-1055/F 分类号：99-103

摘要

实现发展成果共享和社会公平是经济发展和改革的重要目标。基于特征事实的描述发现,国企依赖与劳动力流动呈反向变动关系,而劳动力流动与城乡收入差距同样呈反向变动关系。理论研究发现:(1)三部门的生产模型表明,由于国有企业过于倚重发展资本密集型产业,地方对国企依赖会大大降低对劳动力的吸纳,不利于劳动力流动,从而对城乡收入分配产生客观不利影响;(2)劳动力流动模型表明,劳动力流动越充分,越有利于缩小城乡收入差距。因此地方对国企的过度依赖,会通过以农民工为代表的不利于劳动力流动而对城乡收入的分配产生客观不利影响。这启示我们,既要发展壮大国有企业,也要毫不动摇发展民营企业,要同时兼顾国有企业的发展效应和民营企业的就业效应。
        Sharing and social justice is an important target of economic development and reform.Based on the description of characteristic facts, it is found that the dependence of state-owned enterprises is negatively correlated with labor flow, while labor flow is negatively correlated with urban-rural income gap.Theoretical studies have found that:(1)The production model of the three sectors shows that due to the development of state-owned enterprises rely too heavily on capital-intensive industries, where dependence on state-owned enterprises will greatly reduce the absorption of labor, to the detriment of rural labor to urban mobility and metastasis.(2)The labor flow model shows that the more sufficient labor flow is, the more favorable it is to narrow the urban-rural income gap.Therefore, local over-reliance on state-owned enterprises will have an objective adverse impact on the distribution of urban and rural income through unfavorable labor mobility.It is suggest that we should develop and expand that state-owned enterprises, without shake the development of the private enterprise, at the same time, the development effect of the state-owned enterprises and the employment effect of the private enterprises.

引文

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    (1)农民工的数据来自国家统计局公布的历年《农民工监测调查报告》。为了与下文的实证变量相一致,国企依赖采用全国的国有及国有控股企业工业总产值占规模以上工业总产值的比重来表示。国企依赖原始数据来自历年《中国统计年鉴》。
    (1)这里的p代表产品价格,b=2/3π-1/2τ,τ为单位交通成本,感兴趣的读者可以具体查阅:余斌、陈昌盛,国民收入分配:困境与出路[M].中国发展出版社,2011。