浅埋房采区下近距离煤层开采动载矿压机理
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摘要
浅埋煤层工作面房采区下开采易发动载矿压甚至压架等灾害事故。以石圪台矿31201综采工作面典型房采煤柱下动载矿压的案例为基础,采用现场实测、理论分析、数值模拟和物理模拟手段对此类动载矿压发生的机理进行深入研究。研究结果表明:房采煤柱较集中煤柱更易失稳破坏;在下煤层采动和超前支承压力的影响下,房采煤柱突然大范围的失稳破坏会导致其上方关键层发生超前断裂,关键块体的逆向回转将过大的覆岩载荷传递至下方岩层结构,最终导致下位关键块体发生滑落失稳,这是造成工作面发生强烈动载矿压的根本原因。针对易发此类动载矿压的条件,从阻止或转移上覆岩层载荷的角度提出几点针对性的防治措施,其有效性和实用性得到了31201工作面后续安全开采的证实。
The underground catastrophic incidents,such as dynamic mine pressure and support failure,are prone to occur when longwall faces are mined below the upper chamber mining goaf in shallow cover coal seams. Based on a typical case of dynamic mine pressure occurring below the chamber mining goaf in longwall 31201 of Shigetai Mine,the mechanism of this type of dynamic mine pressure has been investigated through field observation,theoretical analysis,experimental and numerical simulations. It is showed that the chamber coal pillar is prone to fail than the concentrated coal pillar; under the influence of mining abutment pressure,the sudden and large-scale failure of chamber coal pillar will break the key strata. The reverse rotation of key blocks transmits the considerable strata load to the lower rock strata structure,resulting in the sliding down of key blocks,which is the primary culprit of the strong dynamic mine pressure occurring in longwall face. Aiming at the similar potential conditions where the dynamic mine pressure is easily to occur,several targeted measures have been proposed from the perspectives of preventing or transferring the upper rock strata load. The effectiveness and practicality of the proposed measures have been demonstrated by their applica-tion in longwall 31201.
The underground catastrophic incidents,such as dynamic mine pressure and support failure,are prone to occur when longwall faces are mined below the upper chamber mining goaf in shallow cover coal seams. Based on a typical case of dynamic mine pressure occurring below the chamber mining goaf in longwall 31201 of Shigetai Mine,the mechanism of this type of dynamic mine pressure has been investigated through field observation,theoretical analysis,experimental and numerical simulations. It is showed that the chamber coal pillar is prone to fail than the concentrated coal pillar; under the influence of mining abutment pressure,the sudden and large-scale failure of chamber coal pillar will break the key strata. The reverse rotation of key blocks transmits the considerable strata load to the lower rock strata structure,resulting in the sliding down of key blocks,which is the primary culprit of the strong dynamic mine pressure occurring in longwall face. Aiming at the similar potential conditions where the dynamic mine pressure is easily to occur,several targeted measures have been proposed from the perspectives of preventing or transferring the upper rock strata load. The effectiveness and practicality of the proposed measures have been demonstrated by their applica-tion in longwall 31201.
引文
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[13]鞠金峰.浅埋近距离煤层出煤柱开采压架机理及防治研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2013.Ju Jinfeng.Mechanism and prevention of support crushing disaster while mining out of the upper coal pillar[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2013.
[14]朱卫兵.浅埋近距离煤层重复采动关键层结构失稳机理研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2010.Zhu Weibing.Study on the instability mechanism of key strata structure in repeat mining of shallow close distance seams[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2010.
[15]宋选民,顾铁凤.顶板受冲击垮落的理论分析及工程应用[J].太原理工大学学报,2008,39(6):609-612.Song Xuanmin,Gu Tiefeng.Theoretical analysis of roof caving controlled by impact process and it’s engineering application[J].Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology,2008,39(6):609-612.
[16]钱鸣高,石平五,许家林.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2010:65-99.
[17]王家臣,王兆会.高强度开采工作面顶板动载冲击效应分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(S2):3987-3997.Wang Jiachen,Wang Zhaohui.Impact effect of dynamic load induced by roof in higg-intensity mining face[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(S2):3987-3997.
[18]付兴玉,李宏艳,李凤明,等.房式采空区集中煤柱诱发动载矿压机理及防治[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(6):1375-1383.Fu Xingyu,Li Hongyan,Li Fengming,et al.Mechanism and prevention of strong strata behaviors induced by the concentration coal pillar of a room mining goaf[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(6):1375-1383.
[19]Wei L,Qi Q,Li H,et al.A case study of damage energy analysis and an early warning by microseismic monitoring for large area roof caving in shallow depth seams[J].Shock and Vibration,2015,2015:1-9.
[2]孟达,王家臣,王进学.房柱式开采上覆岩层破坏与垮落机理[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(6):577-580.Meng Da,Wang Jiachen,Wang Jinxue.Mechanism on the failure and caving of roof strata in pillar and house mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(6):577-580.
[3]陈苏社.综采工作面过上层煤集中煤柱动载矿压控制技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2014,42(6):140-143.Chen Sushe.Dynamic mine strata pressure control technology of fullmechanized coal mining face passing through concentrated coal pillars in above seam[J].Coal Science and Technology,2014,42(6):140-143.
[4]李浩荡,杨汉宏,张斌,等.浅埋房式采空区集中煤柱下综采动载控制研究[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(S1):6-11.Li Haodang,Yang Hanhong,Zhang Bin,et al.Control study of strong strata behaviors during the fully mechanized working face out of concentrated coal pillar in a shallow depth seam in proximity beneath a room mining goaf[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(S1):6-11.
[5]杨俊哲.浅埋近距离煤层过上覆采空区及煤柱动压防治技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2015,43(6):9-13,40.Yang Junzhe.Dynamic pressure prevention and control technology of coal mining face with shallow depth and contiguous seams passing through overburden goaf and coal pillars[J].Coal Science and Technology,2015,43(6):9-13,40.
[6]肖剑儒,李少刚,张彬,等.浅埋深煤层房采区下综采工作面动压控制技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2014,42(10):20-23.Xiao Jianru,Li Shaogang,Zhang Bin,et al.Control technology of dynamic mine strate pressure of fully-mechanized coal mining face under gob left by room and pillar mining of shallow depth seam[J].Coal Science and Technology,2014,42(10):20-23.
[7]解兴智.浅埋煤层房柱式采空区下长壁开采矿压显现特征[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(6):898-902.Xie Xingzhi.Study on the characteristics of strata behavior in shallow seam longwall mining under the room-and-pillar mining goaf[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(6):898-902.
[8]屠世浩,窦凤金,万志军,等.浅埋房柱式采空区下近距离煤层综采顶板控制技术[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(3):366-370.Tu Shihao,Dou Fengjin,Wan Zhijun,et al.Strata control technology of the fully mechanized face in shallow coal seam close to the above room-and-pillar gob[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(3):366-370.
[9]魏立科,张彬,付兴玉,等.房式采空区下特殊岩梁结构支架工作阻力分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(10):2142-2147.Wei Like,Zhang Bin,Fu Xingyu,et al.Support resistance analysis for special roof structures under room mining goaf[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(10):2142-2147.
[10]杨真,童兵,黄成成,等.近距离房柱采空区下长壁采场顶板垮落特征研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2013,30(3):323-330.Yang Zhen,Tong Bing,Huang Chengcheng,et al.Study of caving and fracturing over a longwall panel beneath a goaf mined by room and pillar[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2013,30(3):323-330.
[11]Ju J,Xu J,Zhu W.Longwall chock sudden closure incident below coal pillar of adjacent upper mined coal seam under shallow cover in the Shendong coalfield[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2015,77:192-201.
[12]鞠金峰,许家林.浅埋近距离煤层出煤柱开采压架防治对策[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2013,30(3):323-330.Ju Jinfeng,Xu Jialin.Prevention measures for support crushing while mining out the upper coal pillar in close distance shallow seams[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2013,30(3):323-330.
[13]鞠金峰.浅埋近距离煤层出煤柱开采压架机理及防治研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2013.Ju Jinfeng.Mechanism and prevention of support crushing disaster while mining out of the upper coal pillar[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2013.
[14]朱卫兵.浅埋近距离煤层重复采动关键层结构失稳机理研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2010.Zhu Weibing.Study on the instability mechanism of key strata structure in repeat mining of shallow close distance seams[D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2010.
[15]宋选民,顾铁凤.顶板受冲击垮落的理论分析及工程应用[J].太原理工大学学报,2008,39(6):609-612.Song Xuanmin,Gu Tiefeng.Theoretical analysis of roof caving controlled by impact process and it’s engineering application[J].Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology,2008,39(6):609-612.
[16]钱鸣高,石平五,许家林.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2010:65-99.
[17]王家臣,王兆会.高强度开采工作面顶板动载冲击效应分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(S2):3987-3997.Wang Jiachen,Wang Zhaohui.Impact effect of dynamic load induced by roof in higg-intensity mining face[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(S2):3987-3997.
[18]付兴玉,李宏艳,李凤明,等.房式采空区集中煤柱诱发动载矿压机理及防治[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(6):1375-1383.Fu Xingyu,Li Hongyan,Li Fengming,et al.Mechanism and prevention of strong strata behaviors induced by the concentration coal pillar of a room mining goaf[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(6):1375-1383.
[19]Wei L,Qi Q,Li H,et al.A case study of damage energy analysis and an early warning by microseismic monitoring for large area roof caving in shallow depth seams[J].Shock and Vibration,2015,2015:1-9.